Qualidade de grãos em feijoeiro-comum: estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, interação com ambientes, eficiência de seleção e correlação entre caracteres
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2018-06-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important crops related to
human feeding playing an important role in ensuring food security. Bean is an important source of
protein, besides providing considerable amount of fiber and micronutrients as iron and zinc. Thus,
the search for genotypes with high nutritional value grains and that meet standards for
commercialization is among the objectives of common bean breeding program, specially the
carioca grain type one, the preferred, according to the demand for more nutritious and fast foods.
Thus, this work has for objectives: I) To investigate the genetic variability and the environment and
genotype-environment interaction effects on seed iron (FeC), zinc (ZnC), crude fiber (CF) and
protein content (PC), cooking time (CT), grain yield (GY), 100 grain weight (GW), sieve yield
(SY), grain color at harvest (GCH) and grain color after 90 days of storage (GCS); II) To evaluate
the degree of information of evaluations for grain quality conducted in an environment; III) To
estimate genetic parameters and genetic gains for FeC, ZnC, CF, PC and CT; IV) To estimate
phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between grain quality traits and GY; V) To
select advanced common bean lines with carioca grain type superior for grain quality. 81 common
bean lines with carioca grain type were evaluated in Preliminary Tests (PT) in triple lattice design
9x9 with plots of two 4-meter rows. In these trials the traits GY, SY and GW were evaluated and
FeC, ZnC, CF, PC and CT were evaluated in only one PT. In this trial the phenotypic and genetic
parameters and the genetic gains were estimated. The 20 superior lines were selected considering
FeC, ZnC, CF, PC and CT and then evaluated in Validation Tests (VT), conducted in 9environments, between 2015 and 2017, in randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and
plots of one 4-meters row. Analysis of variance and joint analysis were performed for all the grain
quality traits FeC, ZnC, CF, PC, CT, GY, SY, GCH, GCS and GW evaluated on VT. The
phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations were estimated between the traits FeC, ZnC
and GY. The phenotypic adaptability and stability parameters were estimated based on the method
proposed by Nunes et al. (2005) and the selection of the best genotypes for grain quality was
performed based on the index of Mulamba & Mock (1978). The preliminar evaluation of the grain
quality traits was efficient and suficient for selecting the superior genotypes for FeC, CF, PC and
CT, however, based on the GxE interaction detected, it is recommended to evaluate in at least 2
environments. Significant effects of genotype, environment and genotype-environment were
detected for all the traits evaluated on VT. Based on the genetic variability detected, genetic gains
can be obtained with the selection for FeC, ZnC, PC and CT, but for CF the available variability is
a challenge to obtain important gains. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between FeC and
ZnC were significant, wich indicate simultaneous gains for these traits. The lines CNFC 16627,
CNFC 16518, CNFC 16602, CNFC 16615 and CNFC 16520 can be used for the improvement of
carioca grain quality.
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ALMEIDA, D. V. Qualidade de grãos em feijoeiro-comum: estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, interação com ambientes, eficiência de seleção e correlação entre caracteres. 2018. 143 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.