Tráfico de animais silvestres: da captura ao retorno à natureza
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Data
2018-12-03
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Animal trafficking, one of the most lucrative illegal activities worldwide, generates serious
social and environmental consequences, including economic losses, introduction of exotic
species, disease transmission and changes in ecological processes. Apart from legality issues,
thousands of animals are apprehended each year, leading to high technical and operational
costs from governmental authorities for the proper destination of these specimens. Herein,
the animal trafficking thematic was discussed under a broad and updated view, seeking to
elucidate issues originated from the dissociation of scientific knowledge from the resolution of
environmental problems, also known as research–implementation gap. Thus, in the first
chapter, the main drivers related to wild animals capture for trafficking were enumerated,
prioritizing the factors most relevant concerning illegal bird capture in Brazil. In this chapter,
after a broad scale analysis, instead of socioeconomic factors, native vegetation coverage and
proximity to protected areas were pointed out as the main factors regarding illegal capture. In
the second chapter, the role of legal or illegal wildlife trade on the introduction of exotic
species and changes in biogeographic patterns of overexploited species were assessed. In this
chapter, the Amazon was pointed out as one of the most vulnerable regions for the invasion of
bird species used as pets in Brazil. In chapter 3, the main drivers related to failures in the bird
population restoration efforts were compiled, be they reintroduction or reinforcement efforts.
According to the results, actions aiming at returning birds to the wild will be more successful
when factors like predation, post-release dispersion movements and diseases are controlled or
eliminated. Lastly, in the fourth chapter, assessments were carried out on whether source-
municipalities are the most suitable areas for seized animal population restoration efforts
considering the irremediable impacts of climate change. Thus, ecological niche modeling and
the use of protected areas as a control group allowed for the observation that areas unrelated
to the capture of trafficked specimens in Brazil may be more suitable long-term population
maintenance. In summary, through these four chapters, we hope to bring advances not only
to the academic field, by promoting an innovative approach to relevant ecological issues, but
also reinforce the importance of joining theory and practice by providing direct subsidies to
managers and decision-makers involved in the protection and conservation of overexploited
wildlife by trafficking, worldwide.
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Comércio de biodiversidade , Invasão biológica , Modelagem de nicho ecológico , Mudanças climáticas globais , Restauração populacional , Revisão sistemática , Tráfico de animais silvestres , Animal trafficking , Biological invasion , Ecological niche modeling – ENM , Global climate change , Restoration population , Systematic review , Wildlife trade
Citação
DESTRO, G. F. G. Tráfico de animais silvestres: da captura ao retorno à natureza. 2018. 195 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.