Variabilidade genética e fluxo gênico entre populações de Podocnemis expansa (Tartaruga-da-amazônia) nos rios Crixás-Açu e Araguaia, Goiás
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2019-03-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Podocnemis expansa (Turtle-da-Amazônia) belonging to the order Testudines, suborder Pleurodira and family Podocnemididae, is considered the largest freshwater chelonium in South America, within the genus Podocnemis. Currently the species is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as of little concern, but dependent on conservation programs. In view of this scenario, ICMBio and IBAMA are responsible for the Programa Quelônios da Amazônia (PQA). In the state of Goiás, the monitoring of its populations occurs in the rivers Araguaia and Crixás-Açu, where the main spawning beaches in the state are located. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and the gene flow in the Podocnemis expansa populations of the Crixás-Açu and Araguaia rivers. For that, a total of 191 individuals were evaluated, being 96 of the Crixás-Açu River and 95 of the Araguaia River. From the DNA samples, ten microsatellite markers were standardized to obtain the genotypes by capillary electrophoresis. Then, the genotypes were used for statistical analysis considering males and females. Thus, it was possible to verify that the panel of markers is informative, presenting an average of 7.1 alleles in the loci, with high paternity exclusion probability (Q = 0.998) and low identity probability value (I = 7.00 x 10 -09 ). No significant deviations between the pairs of loci were observed in relation to the linkage disequilibrium (p > 0.05). Genetic diversity was moderate for individuals at both sites, with the expected mean heterozygosity (He) ranging from 0.611 to 0.632.
The observed mean heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.527 to 0.583. The values of genetic
diversity were statistically similar between males and females. The inbreeding was positive and significant (p ≤ 0.05) for males in the Crixás-açu River (f = 0.082). On the other hand, for the Araguaia River, inbreeding values were higher and significant for males (f = 0.191) and females (f = 0.139). The genetic structure was relatively low and significant (FST = 0.038; p ≤ 0.05). The migration rate (M) was higher considering the individuals moving from the Crixás-Açu River to the Araguaia River (M1 → 2 = 24,156), when compared to the migration rate of individuals moving from the Araguaia River to the Rio Crixás -Açu (M2 → 1 = 4.814). This information is important for the elaboration of strategies of conservation and management of the species.
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KURAMOTO, J. C. Variabilidade genética e fluxo gênico entre populações de Podocnemis expansa (Tartaruga-da-amazônia) nos rios Crixás-Açu e Araguaia, Goiás. 2019. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Biologia Molecular) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.