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Item Influência do ambiente no processo de produção de projetos arquitetônicos sustentáveis: Estudos de caso de habitação unifamiliar em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-30) ALVES, Rodrigo Santana; FIGUEIREDO, Enio José Pazini; lattes.cnpq.br/4075543806767323The principal aim of the present work is to understand the theoretical and methodological basis of the project design and discuss the process that generates the sustainable architecture, with a focus in the environmental factors. We discuss the introduction of the concept of sustainable architecture in the process of the generation of the architecture projects. First of all, we present in this thesis, the concepts of development and sustainable architecture, understanding these concepts for the process of the architecture project creation. In this study, we also give a brief historical review about the introduction of the environmental concepts for the architecture and the budding art technology related to environmental efficiency. The quantitative research was done based in interviews with a group of architects and in the analysis of four projects correlated with the data obtained from the research and the technical data from the bibliography. The interviews and the projects describe the architect toughs and actions, with the considerations of the professional practice.Item Aproveitamento de resíduos da extração de micaxisto em pavimentos flexíveis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-24) ARAUJO, Weliton Eduardo Lima de; REZENDE, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794The recycling of materials has been strengthened as an efficient mechanism to minimise the problems caused by improper disposal of solid waste from human activities. Accordingly, the search for mechanisms able to absorb the waste from quarry, coming from the production of aggregates for construction, it becomes an important tool for mitigating externalities generated by the accumulation of such material. So the main objective of this research was to study the use of waste material from quarry as the basic constituent of layers and sub-base of flexible pavements. The residue studied comes from the processing of micaxist, and then called the dust of micaxist, coming from the quarry of the Department of Roads Rodagem the city of Goiania (DERMU-COMPAV). To assess the mechanical behavior, laboratory tests have been conducted (specific weight, Limits of consistency, size, compression, expansion and California Bearing Ratio) for samples: 1 (100% of micaxist powder), 2 (20% of powder micaxist and 80% soil), 3 (30% of powder micaxist and 70% only), 4 (soil), 5 (gravel) and 6 (30% crushed 1 and 70% soil). To assess the performance on the field of materials studied, was built in August and September 2007, a trial with a sentence of 300 meters, located at Amélia Rosa street, the site of Ipês, in Goiânia-Goiás, being divided into three sub-sections (soil + micaxisto of dust, soil + 1 and crushed gravel). The behaviour of these sub-sections were examined by means of testing the vial of sand, Speedy, proof of cargo on board, and dynamic cone penetromet, made during the execution of the sentence trial. With the data collected can be verified that the materials studied, with the exception of Sample 1, have shown properties physical and mechanical satisfactory, reflecting in a good technical performance in the laboratory and in field. The gravel had better results both in the laboratory to the field, proving the efficiency of such material has traditionally used in flooring. In general, concluded that for the dust of micaxist, the best performance was obtained for dosing 20% (Sample 2), comparable to traditional materials, thus demonstrating the possibility of using such waste in layers of sub-base and base of flexible pavements.Item Método para a determinação do fator de redução de área em bacias urbanas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-18) BARBALHO, Fernando Duarte; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543The main objective of this work was to develop an empirical areal reduction factor - ARF - determination method for urban basins, which is a coefficient applied to average rainfall estimates for projects, given rainfall at a point. After a review about the subject, it was verified the needs of developing regional studies and the existence of some deficienes on current approaches. In this sense, it was tried to create an appropriate methodology given the spatial variability of extreme rainfall on urban basins. Therefore, the new suggested method, differently from the observed in others techniques, is primarily based on objective assessment of the ratio between extreme average rainfall calculated above several areas and the extreme point rainfall observed in gauges located in the center of those areas. After structuring it, the proposed method was tested in a pilot implementation with data obtained from a new raingauge network in the region of Córrego Botafogo Basin's, urban zone of Goiânia. The results were analyzed as to the dependence of ARF to area, duration and exceedance probability. It was found a strong relation with area, a minor with duration and the need of further studies about the exceedance probability influence. Lastly, the ARF values obtained with results fitting were compared with those indicated from other employed empirical models. From this study, it can be concluded that proposed methodology is appropriated to determine ARF, as its results are compatibles with assumptions established. However, new studies are needed, with a greater amounts of data, to obtain practical results.Item Uso do modelo qual2e no estudo da qualidade da água e da capacidade de autodepuração do Rio Araguari-AP (Amazônia)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-12-12) BÁRBARA, Viníciu Fagundes; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800The current investigation presents a characterization of the hydraulics and water quality of the medium course of the Araguari River, State of Amapá, Brazil, which has an approximate extension of 120 km. The Araguari River is the main water resource of the State of Amapá, located in the domains of the Amazon (the greatest tropical forest of the planet) in a region with great hydropower potential. In the studied river stretch, there is a hydropower generation station called Coaracy Nunes (UHECN), the first barrage build in the Amazon for electrical generation. A model for DO and BOD has been built with the help of the QUAL2E modeling system, developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. For this purpose, during one and a half year, field trips have been conducted with the intent of characterizing spacially and seasonally the hydraulics, kinetics and water quality of the Araguari River. The modeling stages involved model construction, sensitivity analisys and calibration. After model calibration, three hypothetic cenarios were simulated: (1) the introduction of a new barrage upstream of the UHECN; (2) municipal untreated wastewater inflow from Porto Grande and Ferreira Gomes into the waterbody, including populational growth, during the high flow period; (3) the same cenario as before but during the low flow period. The carbonaceous organic matter present in water hás shown to decompose, in average, in the first five days of incubation. The values obtained for the BOD first order reaction coefficient layed between 0,13 d-1 and 0,90 d-1. The reaeration coefficient, K2, estimated based on hydraulic characteristics, layed between 0,01 d-1 and 1,40 d-1. The results of the sample collections in the river stretch has shown that, amongst the parameters measured, the following were mostly altered: pH, electric conductivity, total solids, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, ammonium, nitrate, BOD and DO. Fecal coliforms, pH, nitrate and BOD were in disagreement with limits defined by Brazilian Legislation on water quality (CONAMA 357/2005). The river impoundment has shown not to significantly alter the DO and BOD concentrations, however, the same statement can not be made for other water characteristics. The water characteristics mostly altered by the UHECN were: hydraulic (flow, velocity, breadth, cross-sectional area) and water quality (pH, electric conductivity, water temperature, total solids, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, nitrate, chloride, BOD and DO). The simulated scenario with municipal untreated wastewater inflow from Porto Grande and Ferreira Gomes (including population growth) into the waterbody during low flow period showed the most critical results in terms of the water quality. The worst simulated situation happened in the dry period in which the river flows decreased significantly and so did the river dilution capacity. In this period the greatest OD depletion occurred and achieved concentrations bellow 4.0 mg/L, in disagreement with Brazilian Water Quality Legislation (CONAMA 357/2005).Item QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS CINÉTICOS DE NITROGÊNIO E OXIGÊNIO EM ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS PARA APLICAÇÃO EM MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA. ESTUDO DE CASO: RIO MEIA PONTE, GOIÁS.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-16) BRANDELERO, Suzi Mari; SANTIAGO, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800Mathematical models are gaining ever greater importance in the evaluation and comparison of management alternatives for natural water bodies. One of the difficulties in the use of water quality models for nitrogen and oxygen is the absence of kinetic parameter data about reactions in biochemical processes. The data in the current literature refer to foreign bodies of water, mainly in countries with a temperate climate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the processes of nitrogen and oxygen transformation in water. The Meia Ponte River, one of the principal rivers of Goiás, was the object of the study. The water samples were collected in an urban area of the municipality of Goiânia, Bairro Novo Goiânia 2, which presents apparent man-made interference with the natural environment. The study involved field work and laboratory experiments, as well as the analysis of historical flow data from the Goiânia River Flow Measurement Station. The reaeration coefficients (Ka) in dry and rainy periods, which ranged from 1.17 to 2.34 d-1 and from 0.63 to 2.01 d-1, respectively, were estimated on the basis of historical flow data from 1975 to 2005. The flow reading obtained at the River Flow Measurement Station cited above varied from 13.38 to 48.65 m3.s-1 in the rainy season and from 2.89 to 10,63 m3.s-1 in the dry season, an approximately sixteenfold variation. Samples were collected and taken to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the characterization parameters which deviated from the norms established by CONAMA resolution n° 357 - 2005 were (ranges of variation): (1) OD 0.74 to 5.04 mg.L-1; it was (2) true color 58.00 to 203 mg Pt.L-1; (3) total ammoniacal nitrogen from 0.56 to 3.27 L-1. Kinetic tests in turbulent conditions were carried out using modified Jar Test equipment. The reaeration coefficient (Ka20) was determined experimentally. The Ka20 varied between 3.60 and 11.51 d-1 with minimum-to-maximum rotation tests. The minimum rotation of the equipment was used for the nitrogen experiments to most closely approximate river conditions. Water samples were collected at regular intervals for nitrogen analysis. The ammonification and nitrification processes were monitored. A study of deoxygenation, DBO, was also carried out, and it varied from 4.11 to 21.24 mg.L-1. During the process of biological oxidation, the ranges of coefficient variation were: (1) deoxygenation (Kd20) 0.12 to 1.05 d-1; (2) ammonification (KNH4+20) and the coefficient of the disappearance of total ammoniacal nitrogen (KNH4 20) 0.01 to 0.12 d-1; (3) nitritation (KNO2+20) 0.15 to 0.76 d-1; (4) nitrite disappearance coefficient (KNO2 20)0.19 to 3.36 d-1; and (5) nitration (KNO3+20) 0.08 to 0.17 d-1. Under the same conditions as for nitrogen, nitrifying bacteria were monitored. The Nitrosomonas varied between 11 and ≥2400 NMP/100mL, presenting the same behavior profile as the concentration of nitrite, which varied from 0.04 to 5.60 mg.L-1. The Nitrobacter varied from 4 to 1386 NMP/100mL, presenting the same behavior profile as the concentration of nitrate, which varied from 0.82 to 3.99 mg.L-1. The biochemical kinetic coefficients that were obtained were corrected for the standard temperature of 20°C. An increase in organic matter was observed in the dry period, reflecting an increase in the concentration of most of the parameters measured. There was a positive correlation between the nitritation coefficients and flow, although the quantity of Nitrosomonas was greater during the dry period. The results obtained for reaeration, ammonification, and nitrification may be useful in the modeling of bodies of water under experimental conditions similar to those of the present study.Item Eficiência do leito de macrófitas na remoção de ovos de helmintos e coliformes termotolerantes e no desaguamento de lodo de esgoto sanitário(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) BUFÁIÇAL, Daniela de Souza Silva; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a constructed wetlands planted with the vegetal species white ginger (Hedychium coronarium J. König), narrow leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) and papyrus sedge (Cyperus gigantus) under three charges application of the sludge from the sewage treatment station of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, in the reduction of thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminths eggs and sludge dewatering. It also aimed to characterize the sludge and to evaluate the quality of the filtrate, and to investigate the occurrence of substances excreted by the macrophytes roots, which may help reduce pathogens. The experiment was conducted at the Goiânia sewage treatment station. To evaluate the reduction of pathogens, the sludge dewatering and the filtrate quality were used 12 plastic containers, each one with 1 m3 of volumetric capacity, filled with support media containing 5 cm of gravel number one, a geotextile blanket and 20 cm of sand. In the gravel was installed a drainage system of gases, consisting of a PVC tube with 25 mm in diameter, in an "L" format, whose horizontal portion was drilled with holes of 4 mm in diameter. The sludge was applied at application rates of 43, 140 and 248 kg TS m-2 year, bringing the rates of 20, 70 and 120 L m-2 week, respectively. The applications of sludge were divided into two times a week, half on Tuesdays and half on Fridays. After three months of application, samples were taken from the dewatered sludge every 14 days, and sent to the laboratory for solids, thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminths eggs determination. During three weeks the filtrate was collected in each container and submitted to analysis of solids and thermotolerant coliforms. To investigate the release of toxins by macrophytes roots were used four 20 L buckets containing sand as support medium. Three buckets were planted with the species of macrophytes and one wasn t planted. The buckets were irrigated with dechlorinated water for four months, keeping the water level inside the buckets at 5 cm from the substrate surface. After this period 2 L samples of effluent from each bucket were collected and sent to the laboratory to investigate the antimicrobial activity. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), performing F and Tukey Kramer (5% probability) tests. About the filtrate there was no significant difference in the removal of solids and thermotolerant coliforms in the rates of 70 L m-2 week and 120 L m-2 week. At the rate of 20 L m-2 week there was no filtrated material. For the dewatered sludge there was no significant difference in the removal of thermotolerant coliforms, viable helminths eggs and solids concentration among the treatments. The total solids were lower at the application rate of 120 L m-2 week. Plant development was hampered by sludge application and at the application rate of 120 L m-2 week, the species narrow leaf cattail and papyrus sedge had died after three months of sludge aplication. The extracts found at the water in contact with the macrophytes roots didn t inhibit microbial activity. The dewatered sludge treated by the constructed wetlands attended the 375 Conama Resolution for type A sludge for viable helminthes eggs and for type B sludge for thermotolerant coliformsItem Desempenho da Tecnologia de Filtração em Múltiplas Etapas (FiME) no Tratamento de Águas de Abastecimento em Escala Piloto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-18) CAMPLESI, Daniela Cristina Fonseca; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800The present work has evaluated the efficiency of an MSF system for treating supplying water on a pilot scale. A MSF pilot plant was located in the Water Treatment Station (WTS) area in Goianápolis- GO and fed by Sozinha stream. The plant was comprised of a dynamic prefilter (DPF) and a vertical upflowing pre-filter (VUF) in layers, both of them with different granular compositions; a slow sand filter (SSF); and a slow sand filter with activated carbon (SSFAC), which was called SEQ. 1. The second sequence of the trial, SEQ. 2, was comprised of a dynamic pre-filter (DPF) and a slow sand filter (SSF-2). The filtration rates in use were 24 and 48 m3/m2 a day for DPF, 12 e 24 m3/m2. day for APF; 3 e 6 m3/m2. day for SSF and SSFAC. The efficiency was evaluated by analyzing turbidity, apparent color, total suspended solids (TSS), as well as total thermo tolerant coliforms. The following items were evaluated: the filtration rates ranging effect onto the MSF unit trial system efficiencies; the MSF system efficiency comparison to the WTS complete cycling treatment; and the correlations between turbidity, color, and coliforms removals and the TSS removals. The results obtained from the trials have shown that DPF and VUF are important units for microorganisms and solid particles retaining, for it prepares the effluent in order to submit it into slow filtration. They have also shown that they make it possible for the roughing filtration to last longer. Generally put, it presents that the slow filters are significantly and above 90% efficient in removing TSS, color and turbidity, and 99% efficient in removing total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms in all roughing filtration. After comparing the quality of both the water produced by MSF and the one by the complete cycling WTS, it was noticed that MSF produces water with quality similar to the complete cycling WTS. The range for the filtration rates has had significant influence only in the removal efficiencies of color and turbidity. There isn t correlation among the removals of the parameters color, turbidity, TSS and coliforms but for the correlation among apparent color and true color. The experiment results suggest that MSF technology, when suitably operated, it is a viable system for the treatment of supplying water and produced water with low levels of color, turbidity, TSS and coliforms is that 40% of the samples, provided drinking water under conditions compatible to those established by Decree 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health (BRAZIL, 2004) for human consumptionItem Calibração de modelos de drenagem urbana utilizando algoritmos evolucionários multiobjetivo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-29) CARVALHO, Maíra de; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543CARVALHO, M. Calibration models of urban drainage using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. 2011. Dissertation (Masters of Environmental Engineering) - Civil Engineering College, Post-Graduation Stricto Sensu Program in Environmental Engineering - Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, 2011.. This study proposed to develop and implement a calibration routine hydrological models applied to urban drainage using multiobjective optimization techniques. To make this work possible model was adopted Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and the computational algorithms developed in MATLAB environment using an evolutionary algorithm. The method was applied to two different levels of detail in representing the Arroyo Cancels basin, located in the urban area of Santa Maria-RS, submitted to the hydrological processes involved in the process of rainfall-runoff transformation in the search for optimal values of hydrological parameters the basin. Objective functions were defined and applied simultaneously in the calibration parameters. Worked with the simulation of events of low and high intensity settings for two discretization of the watershed, and other simple and subdivided into 18 sub-basins. The sensitivity analysis performed made it possible to check that the parameters that most influenced the basin were simple: Percentage of impervious area and outlet width. Regarding the results for the various watershed discretization can be seen that in most cases when working with a more detailed watershed they were better, except for some isolated events. Overall the model showed better results when high-intensity simulated events for the best compromise solutions, thus showing the importance of using a multiobjective model.Item Resíduos de poli (tereftalato de etileno) e de pneu na confecção de pisos flutuantes para o isolamento do ruído de impacto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-21) CARVALHO, Maria Luiza de Ulhoa; FERREIRA, Regis de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3206688887219284The demographic growth has created a gain in urban solid waste that deteriorates the citizen s quality of life. High buildings represent the main way for accommodations in big cities for these growing urban populations. However, impact sound insulation has shown itself quite poor. In order to propose an alternative way of minimization to the two problems, residue generation and impact noise, this study aimed to investigate the viability of using poly (ethylene-terephthalate) - PET and rubber tire residues for impact sound insulation in floating floors. Plates of 1 m² with thickness of 1.5 and 2.5 cm to 1:4 and 1:5 (ciment:residue) ratios were molded for the acoustic experiments, as well as portable mortar slabs covered with high and popular quality floor coverings. The main methods used were ISO 140-7 (1998) for measuring the standardized impact sound pressure level, L nT, in one-third-octave bands and ISO 717-2 (1996) to calculate the weighted standardized impact sound pressure level, L nT,w. Both residues presented high sound insulation in relation to their references. It was observed that the results for the PET specimen were superior to those of the rubber tires residue. However, the results among the residues presented different tendencies as their ratio changed. While the impact sound insulation of the rubber tires samples decreased with the increase of residue, PET samples presented more insulation with residue increase. Another observed factor was that the high quality floor covering presented a significant superior impact sound isolation compared to the popular floor covering. Considering all results, it is possible to conclude that the use of the studied residues in floating floors contributes to impact sound insulationItem Otimização econômica de redes de distribuição de água em ambiente SIG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-03) COSTA, Kleber Elias; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the optimization of water distribution networks projects (LANSEY, 2006). This is the result of an urgent need to save public money, and especially to make good use of water, this precious resource, scarce and inaccessible in many parts of the world. In this scenario, many optimization routines of water distribution networks have been used. One of these routines is the Granados Method, which was developed by Alfredo Granados, in 1990, and provides the minimum cost of a water distribution network, considering the change in the price of the pipes according to their types, classes and diameters. One of the modern tools that have being used as a support to the project of water distribution networks is the free software EPANET, which is a simulator of the behavior and quality of the water, widely used in distribution systems under pressure. Geoprocessing, in turn, has been used in many areas, including the development of networks, be they water, sewer, electricity, transport, telephone etc. The ArcView GIS is a software that is widely accepted by researchers and designers worldwide. The EPANET integrated with the software ArcView GIS can work together through the installation of the software DC Water. Thus, we can run the hydraulic simulator EPANET within the environment of ArcView GIS. Through this work, we developed a computational routine based on Granados optimization method, within the geoprocessing software ArcView GIS, integrated with EPANET through the DC Water. This routine allows, in an automated way to carry out several simulations of diameters implementation, analyzing the energy losses and the resulting pressure on knots, in order to contribute to the production of an optimized water supply network.Item Comunidade fitoplanctônica e parâmetros físico-químicos em lagoa de estabilização (Trindade,Go)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-07-12) D\'ALESSANDRO, Emmanuel Bezerra; AGUILA, Nora Katia Saavedra Del; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1447294667795452The Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Trindade (16 ° 39'09'' S and 49 ° 31'50'' W), also known as Barro Preto WWTP, consists of preliminary treatment followed initially by three modules in parallel (A, B and C), each containing one anaerobic pond, one facultative pond and one maturation pond in series (Australian system), being the effluent released in the stream Barro Preto. The WWTP began operating in 1997 and had the final plan in 2011. This study aimed to evaluate treatment efficiency and the module based on algal community structure and physico-chemical variables during a period of six months (September, October, November, December 2010 and April and May 2011), which contains the dry and rainy periods. Were analyzed in reference to the structure and dynamics of algae: biomass, density, richness, diversity, equality, abundance and dominance; for physic-chemical analysis were: flow rate, wastewater temperature, depth, euphotic zone, HDT, pH, DO, CND, TP, PO4 -3, NH4 +, NO3, DOB5 20°C, COD, TSS, FSS, VSS and also climatic variables. The algae were collected through non-selective process (Van Dorn bottle). The samples abiotic, chlorophyll a and pheophytin were processed according to APHA, and the density algal by the Utermöhl method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed to characterize the physic-chemical processes and the spatial and temporal differentiation. It was also made a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The facultative and maturation ponds shown to be influenced by the seasonality of the region, and presented variance in depth. In average, the module A showed an efficiency of COD removal of 45%, and optimal efficiency in removing DBO5 20°C (84%). The facultative pond showed the highest mean of PO4 -3 efficiency removal (48%), NH4 + (36%) NO3 - (44%), BOD5 20°C (74%). OD profile of type clinograde and thermal stratification was recorded in three months of collection. The maturation pond showed higher mean removal efficiency of PT (27%) and COD (19%). In just two months was recorded thermal stratification, and found clinograde profile throughout the study. The ponds presented one of the largest ever recorded phytoplankton densities in stabilization ponds and 170 taxa recorded throughout the study, being 40% of cyanobacteria are potentially toxic. The most abundant species in both ponds and throughout the study were Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella minutissima, Closteriopsis acicularis, Merismopedia tenuissima, Synechococcus sp and Synechocysitis sp (dominant). The ponds presented according to the indices, low species diversity and low beta diversity. The beta diversity showed that the maturation pond has more flexibility in the rainy season and optional in the dry season. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed the most abundant species when best developed in seasonality. C. acicularis in the rainy season, C. minutissima in the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season, M. tenuissima in late dry season, C. vulgaris and Synechococcus sp in late dry season and beginning of precipitation. This analysis showed which environmental variables can also influence the in distribution of species.Item A qualidade do sombreamento de espécies arbóreas e sua influência no microclima do entorno imediato em ambientes urbanos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-13) HERRMANN, Carla Rosana Azambuja; FERREIRA, Regis de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3206688887219284This research aimed at assessing quality and influence of shadow offered by four selected individual arboreous species (Lophantera lactescens chuva-de-ouro, Caesalpinia peltophoroides sibipiruna, Sapindus saponaria saboneteira e Stryphnodendron adstringens barbatimão) in attenuating environmental variables Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Radiant Thermal Load (RTL) and increasing Air Relative Humidity (ARH) under weather conditions in the municipality of Goiânia-GO, Brazil, in addition to comparing DBT and ARH values with criterion of thermal comfort for hot climates indicated by Olgyay Bioclimatic Letter (1998) and adapted by Koenigsberger. In the course of this research, data concerning the aforementioned variables were collected through four temperature measuring device placed firstly under the tree shadow (1m), secondly, 5 meters far, thirdly, 10 meters far, finally, 15 meters far from the trunk (full sun), from September to November 2007, hourly from 10 o clock in the morning to 2 o clock in the afternoou5yn over three days for each species. Quantifying contribution of shadow in attenuating and increasing environmental variables was carried out through calculation of percentage of Relative Variation of values found in shadow, 5m far and 10m far regarding the values obtained 5m far (full sunlight). Outcomes analysis was carried out regarding the following hypotheses: i) attenuating DBT in shadow > attenuating DBT at 5m > attenuating DBT at 10m; ii) attenuating RTL in shadow > attenuating RTL at 5m > attenuating RTL at 10m and; iii) increasing ARH in shadow > increasing ARH at 5m > increasing ARH at 10m. The outcomes showed positive effects in attenuating DBT and RTL and increasing ARH. The species with better results were Sibipiruna and Barbatimão with better overall scores in attenuating DBT between 5% and 10%, Saboneteira and Sibipiruna in the ARH variable providing increasing higher than 30%, and Sibipiruna in shadow in RTL with attenuation around 15%. The field outcomes compared with comfort criteria demonstrated the influence of the arboreous species studied on microclimate improvement in its surrounding areas.Item Seleção de fungos de decomposição branca para a redução da toxicidade do acefato(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-23) JARDIM, Valéria de Lima; BOZINIS, Marize Campos Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018; SANTIAGO, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563Brazil is one of the top pesticides using countries in the world, being the State of Goiás a potential contributor due to its large production of industrial tomatoes. Among the most widely used pesticides is the organophosphate Acephate with toxicological characteristics capable of infecting both living beings and the environment. There are several seeking solution studies to remediate xenobiotic compounds, being microorganisms an important biotechnological tool against them. The aim of this study was to select rot-white fungal that can produce oxidative enzymes under certain conditions, in the presence of Acephate, evaluating their effectiveness in reducing its toxicity. Thus, the study was divided into three parts: testing on solid medium under different nutritional conditions, tests in liquid culture medium under two different conditions (shaking and static) and development of analytical methodology to evaluate the decrease of Acephate toxicity. We defined two levels of Acephate, 10 and 50%, which were treated by the following species: Trametes versicolor, Trametes villosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Lentinus edodes. In solid medium all species showed mycelial growth and satisfying development in the presence of Acephate under standard nutritional conditions. The concentration of 50% Acephate caused limitation to Trametes villosa in solid and liquid medium cultivation. The opposite occurred to Pycnoporus sanguineus, which had good results in the development and production of enzymes in the presence of Acephate. Lignin Peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium was present with a 15.77U.mL-1 only in Acephate 50%, suggesting that the pesticide may induce its enzyme complex. The enzyme Laccase excelled in Pycnoporus sanguineus in the two culture conditions, being the largest peak 45.95 U.mL-1 in 50% Acephate in shaking. However, the best value for the production of Laccase from Trametes villosa was in the static condition: 73.55 U.mL-1 in Acephate 10%. The toxicity tests applied, NRU and Cholinesterase Enzyme Inhibition, proved that in these conditions there was no formation of the metabolite Methamidophos. The toxicological methodology developed to assess the toxicity reduction in the treated supernatant was efficient and promising to monitor and investigate environmental contamination. The samples treated by fungi showed 100% increase of Cholinesterase compared to the control group (no treatment) for T. villosa and 91.7% for P. sanguineus. These results showed that the enzyme complex of the fungi studied is capable to reduce Acephate toxicity, proving that well managed rot-white fungal can bring environmental benefits of mitigation.Item Remoção do corante FD&C azul nº 2 Indigotina em água com uso de fungos de decomposição branca e processo de filtração lenta: avaliação em escala piloto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-04) LOPES, Maria Margareth Gonçalves; CAMPOS, Luiza Cintra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3977306124746850; STEFANI, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905Industrial activities are constantly producing wastes such as dyes which are usually found in the industrial effluents and constitutes a environmental problem due its toxicity and inadequate disposal. The use of fungi, in particular the white-rot fungus, have been found to be efficient for biodegrading these compounds. In addition, slow sand filtration have been reported to be the most efficient unit filtration processes to improve the physical, biological and chemical quality of potable water. The objective of this work was to investigate the removal efficiency of the dye FD&C azul Nº 2 Indigotina, by the use of the Trametes versicolor fungus combined with slow sand filtration. Two laboratory-scale filter columns of 0.08 m diameter and 0.90 m sand media depth were used to investigate the process performance. One slow sand filter, FLA, was applied in combination with the Trametes versicolor fungus, while the FLB was used as control. Three methodologies for the fungi growth were used. The results showed that the slow sand filtration is a prominent process for the removal of the dye FD&C azul nº 2 Indigotina when used in combination with the Trametes versicolor fungus. A maximum removal of 95% was found when the filter was inoculated with fungi grown on Petri dish. The average dye removal when the increased fungi biomass was inoculated to the filter was 70%. This result suggests that the filter performance increased when the fungus was inoculated with fungi grown on Petri dish. In addition, head loss was found to be higher in the FLA filter than in the FLA (control), indicating that the fungi biomass contributes to the head loss development.Item Plano de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de um shopping center de grande porte do Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-25) MARSARO, Gabriela Cavalcante Silva; CARVALHO, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482The malls are large centers of consumption and leisure where the population find everything under the same roof, options for shopping, food and fun. The waste generation within these stores is big, especially in food. Most malls in Brazil does not have a plan for waste management, which possibly contributes to environmental problems and the reduction of life in landfills. Thus, this study aimed to develop a plan for managing solid waste from a large Shopping Center of the State of Goiás, to minimize, reuse and recycling of waste and the correct management of them. For this end, information was raised through interviews and site visits. The research was divided, basically, in diagnosis and prognosis (in other words, proposals for corrective measures). Diagnoses were evaluated in the waste-generating activities as well as the identification, classification and quantification of waste, and waste management practices used. The results indicated that the residue found in greatest quantity was the construction and demolition (137 t/ month), followed by organic material (75 t/ month). The paper also had a significant (8.5 t/ month). Except for the remains of cardboard, which is segregated, most of the potentially recyclable waste, which could still be traded, was found contaminated with organic waste and is therefore willing landfill in the Goiânia municipality. There was also no segregation of any kind regarding hazardous waste. Thus, some hazardous waste such as lamps with mercury vapor, are prepared along with other waste and improperly referred to the landfill. There Were found outside the waste containers, lack of capacity of them, casting the slurry and risks of contamination, therefore, in the same place where the waste is stored, the materials are discharged to supply the shops. As corrective measures, and alternatives were presented guidelines for the handling, collection, transport, storage and final disposal of waste. It was proposed the model of segregation into two groups: "recyclable materials" and "Organic and others." New containers were placed in selective shopping environments, along with informational posters. The points of loading and unloading (Pier) were retired and new containers were implanted selective. There was a significant change in the habits of officials and merchants who attended the training after the implementation of selective containers. However, for the operation of the plan, the segregation has to be done in an integrated manner, which still does not occur at the mall. The recyclable materials will be taken to a central sorting, which will be located in an area outside the mall. There, the waste will be segregated for better subsequent sale. For lamps, was located a container with its own specifications for the wasteItem Avaliação da Vulnerabilidade de Barramentos ao Rompimento de pequenos barramentos localizados a montante(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-22) MENDES, Thiago Augusto; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543In spite of Brazil being the country with one of the largest quantities of dams on the planet, there is no study that confront the influence of small dams collapse on major dams. This is very important from a strategic and planning point of view, since much of the energy produced in the country comes from hydroelectric installed in rivers. Althought the hydroelectric sizing is done following strict security techniques, the upstream reservoirs, in most cases are not. This factor leads to great uncertainty about safety of these dams. Thus, this work is important to the development of a methodology able to quantify how small dams affect the safety of large dams. The purpose was set a vulnerability rate to disruption of these small dams, thereby providing data for municipal, state and federal entities about the real situation for granting, construction and operation of dams. The determination of vulnerability rate was made with simulations conducted in the HEC-HMS hydrological model, thereby determining the additional flow from the disruption of dams along the upstream of the dam under study. The study site chosed was the basin of the Meia Ponte river - GO, precisely the Rochedo s hydroelectric, where 30 reservoirs were evaluated for disruption. It was found that the flow that reaches the Rochedo s reservoir, without considering the disruption of reservoirs located upstream (1.222 m³/s) for a return period of 10,000 years is about 31% higher than the flow planned for Rochedo, that is 935 m³/s, as informed by the Energy Company of Goiás (CELG, 2008). The calculated vulnerability rate was 1,31 for a return period of 10,000 years without considering the disruption of the upstream reservoirs and were suitable for a reservoir that was built in the 50's. However the flow that reaches the Rochedo s reservoir, considering the disruption of the upstream reservoirs for a return period of 10,000 years (1.880 m3/s) is much higher than flow considered without disruption of the upstream reservoirs. The calculated vulnerability rate goes to 1,54 for a return period of 10,000 years, wich is considered a high value that deserves care assessmentItem Disposição de efluente de tratamento de esgoto industrial em solo vegetado com bambu(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) MENDONÇA, Eurivan Alves; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth, Guadua chacoensis and Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro in the treatment of the Senador Canedo Industrial District Sewer Treatment effluent. It was analyzed diary effluent slides of 176.8, 212.2, 247.6 and 353.7 mm applied in individual 200 L drums filled with regional soil (oxisoil) and vegetated with bamboo. Drums without plants served as control. The effluent treated by the containers was analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), apparent color, pH, ammonium nitrogen, phosphates, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, total solids, dissolved total solids, volatile total solids, fixed total solids and coliforms, during a five month period. The results were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System Program (SAS) through F test and Tukey-Kramer test (5% of probability). Treatment using bamboo were more efficient than control in removing BOD, COD, pH, dissolved oxygen, apparent color, total solids, fixed solids, coliforms, chlorides, turbidity, electrical conductivity, phosphates and ammonium nitrogen. Among vegetated drums, bamboos of Guadua gender were more efficient in removing BOD, COD, coliforms and volatile solids than units with D. giganteus. Application rates had no significant influence on treatment efficiencies. It was also evaluated the bamboo species under field conditions, submitted to a diary effluent slide of 353.7 mm for a period of one year. Samples of groundwater were collected to verify some resultant contamination from the effluent application. It wasn t observed groundwater contamination by applying effluent at soil vegetated with bamboo.Item Uso de geoprocessamento para mapeamento de vulnerabilidade como instrumento de gestão de águas subterrâneas em Aparecida de Goiânia/GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-03) NOGUEIRA, Annyella Kássia; ARAÚJO, José Vicente Granato de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2401010575058480The research developed sought to contribute to the conservation of groundwater resources, aiming in developing a Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool to manage the use of groundwater targeting the sustainable use, for public supply in the city of Aparecida de Goiânia/GO. In order to achieve this, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for the registration of deep wells, continuing the research with a study of natural vulnerability by mapping the information obtained wich relates the potential sources of contamination. Data collection took place through a consultation with the Information System for Groundwater (SIAGAS) and through the System of Statistics and Geographic Information of the State of Goiás (SIEG). Through the database development it was possible to apply the DRASTIC method adapted by Narciso and Gomes (2005) and GOD method proposed by Foster and Hirata (1988) for mapping vulnerability to contamination of groundwater resources. In order to apply the DRASTIC method adapted, maps were generated for slope, land use, geology, geomorphology, water resources and human occupation. The map resulting from this method shows four classes: low, medium, high and very high, showing that of the 288 square kilometers of this city, almost 80% were classified as having medium vulnerability fir the groundwater quality. For the GOD method, maps of the degree of hydraulic confinement, geology and depth or distance of the groundwater level were generated. The map resulting from this process had only three classes: negligible, low and high, showing that 76% of the area was classified as having a negligible vulnerability. This occurred because this method does not consider human occupation.Item USO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS NA OPERAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-24) OLIVEIRA, Roberta Mara de; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543Water companies have the duty to provide water to the growing demand, which requires a larger quantity of active connections and, consequently, results in an increase of net extension and a larger volume of produced water. This paper aims at presenting a tool for the support of management of water distribution nets in a pilot area in the city of Goiânia GO. The application of GIS tool integrated to the hydraulic model had sectors Parque Ateneu and Jardim Mariliza as sceneries, with the purpose of evaluating the building difficulties of those models (plural) and its use as a tool for this paper. Concerning the building of the models, we used geoprocessing resources in order to integrate graphic databases and water system typical alphanumerics, especially net technical registration, urban map reference, altimetry map, and consumption profile, used as case study. The building process shows the EPANET DC Water Design Extension at stages CAD, GIS, and finally in the integration procedure for the adopted hydraulic simulation program. Finally, the model was used for the evaluation of the system deployed. In this research chose to develop a method of semi-automatic connection of the nodes of the units of consumption consuming, this method can avoid the duplicity of associations, allowing only one connection in each unit, one of the advantages of this method is the control that operator is at the link, node can determine which is closest to the consumer unit. The results show that we can produce information for the improvement of general knowledge of the delivery system because what occurs is large spread of information inside the company in charge of the managementItem Análise de desempenho térmico e consumo de energia estudo de caso em hotelaria(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-10-03) PINTO, Maryana de Souza; GEYER, André Bortolacci; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0135796530510700This study, concerns the area of Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento Ambiental, and investigates how internal and external temperature effects the comfort in a hotel building , which has multiple functions and different levels of users. It is aimed to check the thermal performances, considering the surrondings , the activities of the users, their preferences and possibilities of heat acclimatization, the final use and habits of consumption of electric energy. As a theoretical framework for this task, it uses by choice bioclimatic architecture , an area that concerns the construction focused on greater energy efficiency and comfort. The verification of environmental suitability offered in different environments evaluated, took advantage of the studies of Fanger (1970), suggested by ISO -7730 (1995), ISO-9920 (1995) and ASHRAE (1992), as well as questionnaires answered by users of the building. Thus proceeded to study the urban characterization of the city of Rio Quente; the survey and selection of the building for the Case Study; selection of sites for measurement, data collection, analysis and comparison of results with Thermal Comfort indexes suggested by Fanger (1970). The environments selected followed the criteria for critical positioning in line with the direction of longer periods of solar direct impact on the facades, the burden of occupation, the direct and ventilation equipment. This case study used five sets of comfort measuring devices, to obtain Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Radiant Thermal Load (RTL) and Air Relative Humidity (ARH) . Data was collected internally and externally from the building in aim to verify the behaviour of this construction , and after the external data was compared to the data provided by the Plataforma de Coleta de Dados (PCD) of Serra de Caldas, for checking the quality of data available for designers. The analysis showed the best confort perfomance in the Accomodation Areas where, despite no possibility of acclimatization due to the short periods of stay , there was a significant response from the guests . The Common Area also showed satisfactory results in terms of this group of users, due to the characteristics of their clothing and metabolism which in itself merits this project. The worst performance took place in the Services Sector, which presented no conditions of comfort and stayed outside of Fanger´s scale during most of the day, subjecting users to discomfort, this shows that this group of users,workers, are not considered in the early stages of the project.