Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (EA)
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Item Influência do tempo de estocagem de leite cru refrigerado sobre a presença de CMP (Caseinomacropeptídeo)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007) Amorim, Henrique Esteves; Mesquita, Albenones José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3180029815183858; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Moura, Celso José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6006558807438442With the objective to evaluate the influence of the stockage time on the presence of CMP (caseinmacropeptide) in raw milk the raw material after reception for the dairy industrie was cooled, 4 °C, and stored in 20.000 L isothermal horizontal tank. The tank remained sealed up during the 72 hours of stockage and in this period the access to this only for collection of samples with intention was allowed to carry through analyses physicist- chemistries, microbiological (counting psychrotrophics aerobic) and of chromatography in HPLC (for whey detention). After the stockage for 72 hours raw milk was destined to the manufacture of Prato cheese. The Prato cheese was submitted the analyses of humidity, chloride and pH, sensorial income and for the quantitative descriptive analysis. One evidenced that the time of stockage of 72 hours is enough for the indication of false positive of whey presence. To long of the storage time the growth of the counting of psychrotrophics, - 6,29 x 105 1,99 x 105 the whey since these microrganismos are the responsible ones for proteolysis of κ-casein. Proteolysis promoted by psychrotrophics is preoccupying for the dairy industry since it can indicate false positive of fraudulent addition of whey to raw milk besides having an inadequate raw material for production of milky derivatives. The analyses physicist- chemistries and of cheese income Prato show that the cooled raw milk use in the production of related queijo did not modify the quality standards, identity and of market of such product. The quantitative descriptive analysis showed that samples that samples of produced Prato cheese with raw milk cooled storaged by 72 hours can negative influence in the attributes flavor bitter taste and elasticity for proteolysis of the casein. UFC/mL, is correlated estatistically with the evolution of the text ofItem Utilização de frutos de murici-passa no processamento e qualidade nutricional de barras de cereais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-07-30) Guimarães, Marília Mendonça; SILVA, Maria Sebastiana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1329422634395496This work evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics of dried murici fruits and its contribution on the nutritional and sensorial value of cereal bars. Initially, the fruits were processed in three repetitions (MP1, MP2, MP3), by using an osmotic solution and being dried in a heater with forced circulation (70ºC/6 hours). After that, five formulations of cereal bars were elaborated containing dried murici and/or dried banana (BCM0 100% banana, BCM25 25% murici and 75% banana, BCM50 50% murici and 50% banana, BCM75 75% murici and 25% banana, BCM100 100% murici). The moisture, leached ashes, protein, lipids and total carbohydrate by difference of murici in natura, dried murici and cereal bars were analyzed. Also, the analysis of the dietary fiber and microbiological of both dried murici and cereal bar was carried through, as well as the sensorial analysis of the bars. It was also determined, for the murici in natura and dried murici, the Aw, the pH and the soluble solids. The data were analyzed by the variation coefficient, the variance analysis, the Tukey test (p < 0,05) and the correlation of Pearson. The content of macronutrients was higher in dried murici fruits than in murici in natura: carbohydrate (62,00 to 67,00% versus 19.60%), lipids (6,80 to 7,00% versus 3,00%), proteins (1,60 to 1.70% versus 0.86%) and leached ashes (1,00 versus 0.60%). About Aw results, the repetitions did not differed significantly: (MP1 0,83±0,05; MP2: 0,78±0,04; MP3: 0,85±0,03) and the pH remained below of 4,5. The fruits in natura (10,67±0,58º Brix) presented lesser soluble solids percentage than the dry fruits (MP1: 42,82±0,07; MP2: 42,82±0,14; MP3: 42,98±0,11). The energetic value (kcal.100g-1) of dried murici tripled when compared to this value for murici in natura (MP1: 335,51; MP2: 328,09; MP3: 316,54; M: 109,10). The dietary fiber content of the MP1 was 26,04±0,38g.100g-1. The microbiological results were satisfactory. The formulations of cereal bars presented in average 10,00% moisture, 76,00% total carbohydrate, 4.70% lipids, 7.30% protein and 1.20% leached ashes. The addition of dried murici to cereal bars increased its fiber content and favored the appearance analysis, while acceptability was satisfactory in ratio 75:25 of dried banana and dried murici. Concluding, the elaboration of dried murici and its use in nourishing products as cereal bars is totally possible.Item Avaliação da secagem, torrefação e estabilidade da castanha de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-07-31) RABÊLO, Ana Maria da Silva; SILVEIRA, Miriam Fontes Araujo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685649204296674; TORRES, Maria Célia Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2328345152247024Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) possesss in its interior eatable chestnut little explored. In this study it was objectified to evaluate the drying process, toasting and the stability of the chestnut during 180 days in three different packings. Seeds supplied for the Association of Improvement of Fruits of the Open pasture, located in the city of Damianópolis-GO had been used. For extration of the chestnut equipment was adapted type guillotine, with purpose to cut the seed to the way. To determine curves of drying and toasting of chestnut greenhouse of drying with forced air circulation was used. For determination of optimum time of toasting the samples had been submitted to the sensorial evaluation. From the preferred sample more the centesimal composition was determined, sensorial and microbiological evaluation, profile acid greasy and physicist-chemistries, during the stockage. For drying of chestnut temperature of 70ºC per 60 minutes was used the pair time/, therefore it conferred to the product activity of water around 0,60 in lesser time drying. The roasted chestnut 130ºC during 15 and 30 minutes had been presented with better sensorial characteristics, not differing significantly between itself (p>0,05) for the Test of Friedman. The time of 30 minutes presented better sensorial characteristics, as color and crunchiness in the end item, although not to differ from the time of 15 minutes (p>0,05). The centesimal composition and of acid greasy was presented similar of other types of chestnuts. The evaluations physicist-chemistries of acidity, peroxide index, acid tiobarbituric, activity of water, humidity and the counting standard of bacteria in plates had inside presented of the standards established for all the treatments during the storage, as well as had been considered accepted in the carried through sensorial tests. The processes of definitive drying and toasting and the stability of the chestnut if had shown satisfactory in all the treatments during 180 days being able to be used by micron and small companies or cooperativesItem Clostridium estertheticum em leite cru e em queijos parmesão e provolen(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-10-26) ARAÚJO, Flávia Isabel da Rocha Oliveira; NUNES, Iolanda Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2555738917312914; MESQUITA, Albenones José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3180029815183858The spoilage of semicooked and cooked cheeses and semihard and hard cheeses, known as late blowing, has been the focus of some studies. Some microorganisms already had been related with this spoilage including some species of Clostridium, as C. tyrobutiricum, C. butyricum, C. sporogenes and C. beijerinckii. A new species, C. estertheticum, is being incriminated in the spoilage of cooled meats packed the vacuum, which presents similar characteristics to the late blowing in cheeses, as gas production with blowing of the packing, fort flavor of rancid and presence of acid butyl. However, did not have a story on the occurrence of C. estertheticum in raw milk and cheeses. The present work evaluated 32 samples of raw milk proceeding from country properties of Goiás and 95 samples of cheeses commercialized parmesan and provolone in the retail market of Goiânia, produced in different States of Brazil. C. estertheticum was detected using of the Polimerase Chain Reaction with two pairs of primers, RF/RR and 16SEF/16SER. The effect of the not-selective enrichment of the samples in broth BHI was evaluated, in three incubation periods, five, ten and 30 days 10ºC in anaerobes. The genomics DNA was extracted following the methodology fenol:clorofórmio. The gotten results disclose to the occurrence of C. estertheticum in samples of raw milk (34,4%) and samples of cheeses parmesan and provolone (17,9%). The highest leves of C. estertheticum was gotten in the cheeses parmesan and provolone with signals of spoilage (50,0%) and normal (29,6%) and in provolone with spoilage signals (25,0%). C. estertheticum was detected with the two pairs of primers used in the amplification, being the totality of positives only gotten when it associated the two pairs. The daily pay-enrichment for extraction of the genomics DNA substantially influenced in the detention of the microorganism being the period of 10 days, what it provided better resulted for pair RF/RR. C. estertheticum was found in samples of cheeses proceeding from all the analyzed States, and in raw milk samples harvested in Goiás, what it indicates its dissemination in BrazilItem CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, MICROBIOLÓGICA E SENSORIAL DE PÃES DE FORMA ELABORADOS COM SUBPRODUTOS DE BARU (Dipteryx alata Vog.)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-01-28) ROCHA, Lorena Santana; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of the pell and flesh of the baru, while ingredient in the development of bread-form. From the formulation of a bread standard were developed four types of breads so using to peel and flesh of baru in different proportions (PCB25 - 25.00%, PCB50 - 50.00%, PCB75-75, 00% and PCB100 - 100.00%) to replace the farelo of wheat. The peel and flesh of baru were analyzed for microbiological quality, levels of moisture, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber, ash, pH, content of soluble solids. With the exception of the last two analisys, the others have been held for breads, even to the sensory analysis, specific volume and density. The results were analyzed by the coefficient of variation, analysis of variance, test Tukey (p <0.05) and correlation of Pearson. The analysis of the composition centesimal of the peel and flesh of the baru revealed a high content of carbohydrates (65.00%) and fiber (4.00%), a low concentration of protein and lipid (4.00% and 3.00%, respectively). The peel and flesh of baru presented concentration of soluble solids with a value of 5.00 ° Brix and pH equal to 5.40. The breads have developed an average 34.00% moisture, 2.00% ash, 2.00% of lipids, 13.00% of protein, 42.00% of carbohydrates and 6.00% of total fiber food. There was an increase in up to 58.20% in the content of FAT with increasing proportion of the peel and flesh of the baru. All samples were accepted on the attributes appearance, texture and flavor, and is considered low in total fat, not showing significant difference between them on the content of protein and moisture. The results of microbiological analysis was favorable. The survey showed that the peel and flesh of baru are feasible for implementing technological ingredient in breads, giving improves the nutritional characteristics and sensory attributes.Item AVALIAÇÃO DO RENDIMENTO E MATURAÇÃO DE QUEIJOS PECORINO PRODUZIDOS COM LEITE DE VACA E LIPASES DE CABRITO E CORDEIRO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-07) URZEDO, Ana Carolina Borges de; MOURA, Celso José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6006558807438442This study aimed to assess: the manufacture of Pecorino cheese from cow's milk, income from manufacturing of cheeses, lipolysis and proteolysis during the maturation, preference and acceptance of cheeses and characterize the Pecorino cheese, milk, cow, after 45 days of maturation. Pecorino cheeses were produced by three treatments: no lipase, with lipase of kid and with lipase of kid and lamb. It was examined the income of manufacturing in L/ kg, the coefficient GL, L / kg adjusted and the figures the transfer of components of milk to the cheese. It was found that the addition of lipase didn t influence in income. The income from the manufacture of Pecorino cheese found was 8.05 L / kg, 8.22 L / kg adjusted, 61.25 gST / L e 76.34%, 93.00% and 50.57%, the figures for transfer of protein, fat and total dry extract, respectively. It was found that the humidity decreased and dry extract increased, the pH increased at the start and then had a slight decline, the salt content in moisture, nitrogen soluble at pH 4.6, the non-protein nitrogen in the rates of extension and depth of maturity increased over the 45 days of maturity. Adding the milk lipases influenced the increase in the rate of acid free fatty acids in Pecorino cheese. At the fortieth fifth day of maturation there was significant difference between the rates of acidity of the AGL Pecorino cheeses of all treatments. The index of acidity of AGL of Pecorino cheese containing lipase of kid and lamb was higher than that of Pecorino cheese containing lipase of kid, which in turn was higher than the rate of acidity of AGL of Pecorino cheese without lipase. The cheeses with 45 days of ripening, presented the following composition: 33.41% of moisture, 66.59% of total dry extract, 33.26% of dry extract defatted, 25.51% of protein, 33.33 % of fat, 50.05% of fat in the dry extract, 2.20% of sodium chloride, 6.17% of salt in moisture, pH 5.49, the water activity of 0.850. The preference and acceptance of the cheeses were evaluated at the 45 days of maturity. Cheese without lipase and added lipase of kid were more preferred (p <0.05) by the judges in relation to the cheese added of lipase of kid and lamb. The addition of lipase from kid and lamb in the milk interfered (p <0.05) in the acceptance and preference of Pecorino cheese from cow's milk, with 45 days of ripening, making it with strong flavor. The Pecorino cheese without lipase was more accepted (p <0.05) than the other two treatments containing lipase, but the Pecorino cheese of all treatments were well accepted.Item Efeito das condições de extração sobre rendimento e características da pectina obtida de diferentes frações de goiaba CV Pedro Sato(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-07) MUNHOZ, Claudia Leite; ARGANDOÑA, Eliana Janet Sanjinez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6320661844629609; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253The objectives of this study were to characterize the raw material in nature, the flours of fractions of guava cv Pedro Sato and to optimize the factors that influence the yields of pectin extraction of flour of the guava pulp and pulp with peel. As characterize pectins obtained in optimal points on the degree of esterification, comparing them with the commercial pectin. Fruits were used for pectin.extraction. The fruits were divided in peel, pulp, pulp with peel and flesh, dry in stove with circulation of air. Samples in nature and drought were characterized physically and chemically. The central rotation composed design with four axial points and three replicates in the central point was used to optimize the extraction of pectin of flour of the guava pulp and pulp with peel. The extraction was performed in 4 g of flour to 200 mL of solution of citric acid at different concentrations and at different times of extraction, at temperature of 97 ° C. The esterification degree of extracted pectins was compared to commercial pectin one. The highest yields in the extractions of pectin of flour of the guava pulp and pulp with peel were obtained with citric acid solution at 5 g (100 g)-1 and the extraction time of 60 min. Pectins showed up with low esterification, with 38.94% for the pulp and 40.99% for pulp with peel of guava. However, pectins showed the concentration of galacturonic acid next to the commercial standard of 65% and they can be applied in foods with low soluble solids (diet or light food)Item Efeito de soluções de enxágüe na remoção de resíduos de mancozeb em tomates(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-05-08) ALVES, Márcia Regina Ribeiro; SOARES, Nilda de Fatima Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2414704858566970; TORRES, Maria Célia Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2328345152247024Fungicides are the pesticides mostly used the tomato crop. Among the fungicides the dithiocarbamates are the mostly used. The objective of this work was to study the efficiency of the dithiocarbamate mancozeb removal from tomatoes through processes of washes. We performed analyses of acidity, brix, the activity of water (aw), pH and content of manganese for tomatoes. After completing the procedures of the fruit flush with tap water, vinegar, alcohol, and sodium bicarbonate solution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate the level of the fungicide mancozeb was assessed in skin and whole fruit. It was observed that the process of the fruit flush significantly reduces the amount of residues in tomatoes. The reduction of mancozeb was higher in the skin, which are present in highest concentration. The treatments using tap water and sodium bicarbonate removed over 61% of the residue present in the skin of tomatoesItem Rendimento industrial e valor nutricional de grãos de milho QPM e de grãos de gérmem de milho comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-07-14) CASTRO, Maiza Vieira Leão de; OLIVEIRA, Jaison Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7342298421214478; NAVES, Maria Margareth Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563181057140270Endosperm hardness is an essential attribute for producers and industries that using corn as a raw material. Kernel texture alterations, however, hamper the commercial use of Quality Protein Maize (QPM). In this experiment, industrial yield was compared in kernel degerming and endosperm splitting and the nutritional value of a QPM variety and common corn genotypes. One QPM variety and three commercial corn hybrids cultived in Goiás were studied. The QPM and the common corn hybrids were processed using the dry degerming method and the resulting yield was expressed as the ratio of the weight of the fractions obtained to the initial weight of the whole corn. The chemical composition and the amino acid profile of QPM, common corn and common corn germ were determined and an experiment with recently weaned Wistar rats was carried out. Four 7 %-protein and one nonprotein diet were prepared. Protein utilization was estimated using the DCF (Dietary Conversion Factor), NPR (Net Protein Ratio), True Digestibility, and the PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility- Corrected Amino Acid Score). In comparison with common corn, QPM presented lower endosperm yield, higher germ and fine fractions (< 0.5 mm) yield, and the same yield for hominy in endosperm splitting. QPM presented similar levels of proteins, lipids and ash, and higher levels of lysine, dietary fiber and iron in the germ in relation to common corn hybrids. NPR values for QPM diets and corn germ diets were similar, lower than the reference and above the NPR values of common corn. The DCF of the QPM diet was higher than that of the casein diet, but it was the same as that of common corn germ and lower than the value obtained for common corn. QPM and common corn germ presented a protein value (NPR) that was 72 % of the value for casein, while that of common corn was 60 % of the casein value. QPM and the germ fraction of common corn are good quality protein sources when compared to common corn protein, and they present a satisfactory yield for use in the food industry as raw materials which add nutritional value to the products generatedItem Avaliação cinética de comportamento de componentes do baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) para estudo da vida de prateleira da polpa do fruto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-15) MENDONÇA, Aline Luiz de; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265The work aimed to achieve the kinetic study of the physical and chemical characteristics of the pulp baru, through physical and chemical analyses, with focus on tannins, for 6 months of storage. We used two treatments, washing fruits of barus with and without sanitation, both stored in plastic boxes with circulating air, clean and a place under the sun and at room temperature. The proximate composition of the pulp baru occurred in two stages: beginning and end of the study. There was fortnightly analyses in the first 45 days and then of forty-five to forty-five days, for 6 months. It was evaluated in the pulp content of tannins, total and reducing sugars, color and proof of rancidity, and the whole fruit weight and size; addition to microbiological analyses of pulp at each time of storage. There was also a sensory analysis of acceptance of dry biscuit, with and without the replacement of 25% for wheat flour by pulp baru, three times of storage. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANAVA) and Tukey's test (P<0.05). In compositions centesimals observed that the levels of moisture and fibre increased significantly (P<0.05) at the end of the study, while the level of lipids decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the content of protein has remained equal. The levels of reducing sugars and totals have increased over the period of storage. To this total sugar content increased from 22.70% to 47.02% and 23.18% to 48.18% for pulp washing with and without sanitation, respectively. We have increased significantly reducing sugars (P<0.05) over the storage more than 2.5 times for the two parameters evaluated. The content of tannins decreased until the third time, since there is more of that component to the 46 days of storage. It was found that the stage of hygiene caused a decrease in the level of tannins, giving the fruit pulp with hygiene always a lower value for this compound, conversely to what happened with the color of the raw material. The physical parameters of fruit showed no significant differences (P>0.05) to the end of the study. The survey showed that store barus in hygienic conditions increases the shelf life of the flesh of the fruit.Item CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS E ACEITABILIDADE DE SORVETE COM MANGABA E REDUZIDO TEOR ENERGÉTICO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-20) SANTOS, Grazielle Gebrim; SILVA, Mara Reis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1918901292419167Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomez) is a typical Cerrado biome fruit widely used in regional gastronomy and pharmacology. Its distinguished potentialities brought up increased interest and stimulated sustainable cultivation in the Northeast and Central West Regions of Brazil. The replacement of shortening and sugar on the physical and chemical properties of mangaba ice cream was evaluated, as well as its microbiological quality and acceptability. Four test formulas were elaborated: with partial replacement of sugar and total replacement of shortening for Selecta Light (SL), with total replacement of shortening for Dairy-Lo (DL), with total replacement of shortening for Litesse and sugar for Lactitol and sucralose (LLS), and with total replacement of shortening for Dairy-Lo and sugar for Lactitol and sucralose (DLS). Mangaba pulp and ice cream formulas accepted in the sensory test were subjected to chemical, physical and microbiological analyses. Mangaba pulp had a high moisture content (82.65%) and of titratable acidity (16.40%). All ice cream formulas were accepted by the sensory test and the highest mean (7.58) was obtained with the SL formula in the global acceptance, which significantly differed from the control. Moisture and total solids content differed significantly. SL protein concentration was similar to control, but significantly different from formulas DL and DLS. The largest reduction in the total energetic value (50%) was observed in the formulas prepared with Litesse, Lactitol, and Sucralose. Replacement of shortening, sugar or both resulted in overrun decrease and also affected viscosity. The highest melting rate was observed in formulas containing Dairy-Lo, Lactitol, and Sucralose. All formulas had a good level of appearance and global acceptance. Microbiological standards of mangaba pulp and ice cream formulas are in agreement with Brazilian legislation requirements. Mangaba ice cream with low energetic value, elaborated with Selecta Light or with a combination of Litesse, Lactitol, and Sucralose obtained the best quality characteristics.Item Estabilidade e qualidade do farelo de arroz sob diferentes tratamentos e aplicação do produto extrusado em biscoito(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-11-06) LACERDA, Diracy Betânia Cavalcante Lemos; BASSINELLO, Priscila Zaczuk; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7932216023958412; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253Rice bran is a by product of the rice milling process. It corresponds to 8% of the total rice grain and is used as feed and fertilizer mainly. The major problem related to its use in human nutrition is the rancification process starting soon after its extraction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability of raw rice bran (RRB), extruded rice bran (ERB) and rice bran obtained after parboilization (RBP) when stored at room temperature for 180 days in polyethylene bags as well as to characterize them and the cookies formulated with ERB. Physicochemical, microbiological and stability tests (lipase activity, hydrolytic rancidity and peroxide index) were performed on rice bran from cultivar Primavera (donated by benefited industry) and on the prepared cookies with ERB using a completely randomized design, with a control and four treatments (12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50% of ERB). All tests were performed according to standard methodologies. PRB presented the highest contents of protein (17.7 g 100 g-1), lipid (36.03 g 100 g-1), dietary fibers (34.06 g 100 g-1), calcium (99.45 mg 100g-1), zinc (15.58 g 100 g-1), copper (1.45 g 100 g-1) and manganese (17.81 g 100 g-1) and the lowest contents of carbohydrates (5,73 g 100 g-1), ashes (7.01 g 100 g-1) and iron (6.83 mg 100 g-1). Lipase activity and hydrolytic rancidity were higher in NRB during the storage period but the peroxidase index was lower. Cookies were well accepted and did not show any significant diference regarding appearance, texture and flavor. Cookies with 50% of ERB had higher contents of protein (18.9%), dietary fiber (213.3%) and ashes (59.1%) than the control. Forty grams of that formulation supplies more than 10% of daily recommended intakes of magnesium, phosphorus and copper. Cookies also presented acceptable microbiological standards according to Brazilian legislation. Extrusion and parboilization are efficient methods to prevent free fatty acid formation in ERB and PRB, placed in plastic films permeable to oxygen and stored at room temperature, but they contributed to higher concentrations of peroxides in those rice bran. Cookies with 50% ERB had a better nutritional quality than those without rice branItem Qualidade nutricional e valor protéico da amêndoa de baru em relação ao amendoim, castanha-de-caju e castanha-do-pará(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-03) Freitas, Jullyana Borges de; Naves, Maria Margareth Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563181057140270The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the roasted baru almond, which is derived from different native plants in the west of the State of Goiás, and to compare its protein quality to that of the peanut, cashew nut and Brazil nut. Standardized methods were used to determine centesimal composition, amino acid profile, fatty acids and mineral content. The experiment was carried out with 42 male weanling Wistar rats. The animals were randomly assigned into seven groups. The experiment lasted fourteen days. The diets were formulated according to AIN-93G, six diets with 10% protein: CAS7 (7% lipid casein), CAS15 (15% lipid casein), BA (baru almond), PN (peanut), CN (cashew nut), BN (Brazil nut) and a protein-free diet. The consumption was controlled according to the energy value of the diets. The protein value was estimated using NPR (Net Protein Ratio) and PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score). The seeds and nuts are sources of proteins (16.3 to 32.3g.100g-1) and lipids (42.7 to 57.9g.100g-1). The protein content of baru almonds varied significantly (Tukey, p<0.05) between plants (24.2 to 31.9g.100g-1). The amino acid profile of baru almonds also varied significantly between plants. Lysine (Limiting Essential Amino Acid - LEAA of 43% to 72%) and sulfur amino acids (LEAA of 78% to 90%) were the limiting amino acids, according to the WHO/FAO/UNU standard for school children. The best 6: 3 fatty acid ratio (9: 1) was found in the baru almond, which is rich in iron (3.6 to 4.7mg.100g-1) and zinc (2.8 to 4.1mg.100g-1). The cashew nut had a relative NPR of 81%, followed by the Brazil nut (68%), peanut (61%) and baru almond (45%). The PDCAAS varied significantly between baru plants (32% to 68%), and between the other samples (63% for the BN, 69% for the PN and 88% for CN). There are differences in the nutritional value of baru almonds from different plants in the same Cerrado subpopulation and between different seeds and nuts. These foods present a high density of nutrients such as proteins, lipids, minerals and dietary fiber. For this reason, their inclusion in the diet and use in home and industrial food processing should be encouraged.Item Caracterização bioquímica de amêndoas cruas e torradas de chichá ( Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-14) SILVA, Aline Gomes de Moura e; FERNANDES, Kátia Flávia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737543228759171Many species from Cerrado remain unknown in their biochemical characteristics and in their potential for food processing. This work had as objective to characterize the almond of chichá from the specie Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin, originated from Corrente (Piauí) in their biochemical components, analyze the changes in the chemical composition and the amounts of antinutritional factors after roasting. The almond of chicha presented high levels of protein, fiber, phosphorus, copper and manganese. The roasting held to 205°C for 11 minutes reduced the content of humidity from 6.0% to 2.1% and phytates from 10,6mg/g to 5.5 mg/g. There were no lectins, tannins, trypsin inhibitors and alpha-amylase was also a important result obtained. It was verified the absence of the enzymes polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase and a content of phenolics in the range of 107.7 mg/100g and 108.9 mg/100g in the raw and roasted almond respectively. The almond of chicha presented polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic (3,8%) and linolenic acid (2,3%), high levels of monounsaturated (40%) and saturated (34.5%) and presence of fatty acids cyclopropenoid. Therefore, the almond chichá is rich in nutrients; however it is necessary to investigate the effects of eating cyclopropenoid in the concentration found in these almonds. This work reinforces the necessity of conservation and in deep studies of native plants from CerradoItem EFEITO DA ÉPOCA DE COLHEITA NA QUALIDADE DO ARROZ DE TERRAS ALTAS SUBMETIDO À PARBOILIZAÇÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-19) GARCIA, Diva Mendonça; EIFERT, Eduardo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1970715916178343; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179This work aimed the evaluation of the effect of the harvest time and the parboiling in the physical, chemical and sensory quality of the upland rice. The BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja were harvested on the 30th. and 47th. days after the flourishing (DAF). Parboiling processes were done with the absorption of 28 and 30% moisture, with pre-defined times. The concentration of total solids, soaking water pH, rice final moisture content in paddy, and the opening of grains were analyzed. The quality of the milling rice was explored in relation to the yield of whole grains, degrees of milling, classification of the grain defects, color evaluation, viscosity profile, gelatinization temperature, amylose content, centesimal composition and mineral content. Sensory aspects were also evaluated, among them, the texture and stickiness of the milling and parboiled cooked grains. The acceptance of the parboiled rice, and the profile of the testers. There was a significant interaction (P ≤ 0,05) between the cultivar and the moisture content to the total solid concentration and soaking water pH. The final moisture content did not show differences (P > 0,05) in relation to the two harvest times, and the higher the soaking time, the higher the opening of grains at the parboiling process. The yield of whole grains result is higher for the cultivars harvest on the 30th. DAF than for the one on the 47th. DAF. The parboiling lessens the degree of milling, despite of the harvest time, and when it happens with delay, it rises the level of defects. The percentage of grains not gelatinised was lessened as higher the soaking time, despite of the time of the harvest and cultivar. The BRS Primavera cultivar and the treatments harvested on the 30th. DAF showed a lighter grain coloration, with no having differences (P > 0,05) between the parboiling treatments, according to the moisture content. The results of the viscosity profile showed significant differences (P ≤ 0,05) between the processing types. There was not a significant difference for the protein content, however, to the content of lipids, ash and crude fiber the values were higher for the parboiled rice than for the milling rice. The phosphorus, potassium and copper content are present in higher amounts in the treatment of parboiled rice. The cultivars are suitable to the parboiling industry, despite the time of the harvest, and are sensory accepted, reinforcing that a strict and intense control must be done during the processItem Composição química e avaliação sensorial de biscoitos elaborados com polpa de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) desidratada(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-28) MEDEIROS, Priscilla Ramos Mortate da Silva; SILVA, Maria Sebastiana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1329422634395496; SOUZA, Adriana Régia Marques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3723989528702465This study evaluated the chemical composition of dehydrated pequi pulp and its contribution on the nutritional value and acceptability in cookies. Forced air oven drying (60ºC/24 hours) was used to dehydrate the pequi pulp in three repetitions. Five cookie formulations were developed with dehydrated pulp concentrations of 0% (BPA), 5% (BP5), 10% (BP10), 15% (BP15) and 20% (BP20). The centesimal composition and energy value of bleached pulp, dehydrated pulp and the cookies were determined. The fatty acid profile of the dehydrated pulp was also determined. The cookies were analyzed according to preference, acceptability, physical characteristics and microbiological quality. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Tukey, Friedman and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests at a 5% significance level. Bleached pequi pulp and dehydrated pequi pulp are rich in lipids (19.39g.100g-1 and 50.79g.100g-1) and dietary fiber (7.45g.100g-1 and 26.68g.100g-1). The energy value of dehydrated pulp was almost three times that of the bleached pulp (204.8 e 525.1 kcal.100g-1). The dehydrated pulp contained 40.53% saturated fatty acids and 51.21% unsaturated fatty acids, with a predominance of oleic acid (47.94%) and palmitic acid (34.45%). The cookie formulations contained 8.16 to 8.90g.100g-1 of moisture, 8.66 to 8.91g.100g-1 of proteins, 12.35 to 13.25g.100g-1 of lipids and from 1.20 to 1.41g.100g-1 of ash. The level of dietary fiber increased significantly with the addition of dehydrated pulp, varying from 2.12 to 5.11g.100g-1 (p<0.05). The cookies energy value varied from 404.6 to 414.0 kcal.100g-1. The width and spread factor of the cookies decreased with the increase in the concentration of the dehydrated pequi pulp. There was no significant difference among the samples as far as preference was concerned. The cookies had good acceptability in regard to appearance, flavor and microbiological quality within the legally established limits. In conclusion, cookies made with dehydrated pequi pulp are a product with good nutritional potential and good acceptabilityItem Condições de encharcamento sobre a qualidade de arroz parboililzado cultivado em terras altas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-16) Fonseca, Flávia Araújo da; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253The technique of parboiling represents more than 20% of the total rice industrialized in Brazil, and that this portion is increasing need for improvements in it processing. The parboiled rice is nutritional and economic advantages, and various changes that this process causes the grain are linked to the techniques employed. Inefficiencies and inexperience in the actions not only negate the advantages described, such as reducing the nutritional value of cereal. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the operational parameters to the characteristics of raw material, in order to obtain success in the process, because the isotherms of hydration depends on several factors and different for each cultivar and each bit pattern. This study aimed to establish whether there is the influence of the variable soaking (temperature and immersion time) on the quality technology (absorption rate of water content, dry solids and pH of the water immersion of soaking; index opening shell of the grains, degree of polishing, the income benefit, whole grain, defect analysis, color and test firing), chemical moisture, ash, crude proteins, crude fiber, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and amylose content) and sensory cultivars upland rice cultivars BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja. For each cultivar was used a central composite rotational design (DCCR), which includes a factor of 22 over three replications at the central point and axial 4, totaling 11 treatments. As the temperature increased (mainly at the gelatinization temperature) and immersion time increased: the rate of water absorption, the rate of opening of the shell of the grains, the degree of polishing, the income benefit, income integer, the incidence of damaged grains, bananas and whole grains and translucent became easier to visualize the stained grains and chopped, the values of L *, b *, a * and ∆E *. The parboiled rice cv. BRS Primavera showed higher ash content, however the phosphorus, manganese, potassium and zinc did not change and the magnesium, calcium and copper reduced compared to white rice. For cv. BRS Folk parboiled rice had a higher content of ash, protein, fat and fiber, but the amount of manganese, potassium and zinc did not change compared to white rice. The levels of magnesium, calcium and copper reduced and phosphorus increased. The samples had grains loose and soft, higher yield and cooking time that the samples of white rice. Global acceptance of parboiled cooked values were constant between the two cultivars, ranging in scale adopted between indifferent and like moderately.Item COMPOSIÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E QUALIDADE PROTÉICA DA AMÊNDOA DE BARU (DIPTERYX ALATA VOG.) DE PLANTAS DE TRÊS REGIÕES DO CERRADO DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-09) CZEDER, Ludmila de Paula; NAVES, Maria Margareth Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563181057140270The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different regions (East, West and Southeast) of the Goiás state in the nutritional composition and the protein quality of the roasted baru almond (Dipteryx alata Vog.), produced in 2008. One hundred and fifty newly fallen fruits were collected of six plants, in each region. The almond was removed from the fruits, roasted and was analyzed for centesimal composition, mineral content and amino acid profile. The indexes Amino Acid Score (AAS), Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and the Net Protein Ratio (NPR) were determined to evaluate the protein quality. A biological assay was carried out with 36 Wistar rats, which were assigned into six treatments for fourteen days in standardized climate conditions. The diets were formulated according to the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G): diet with casein and 7% lipids (reference); diet with casein and 14% lipids (control); diet with baru almond from East region; from West region; from Southeast region; and protein-free diet. The pair feeding procedure was adopted to control the consumption of diets of animals. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and test for comparison of means (Tukey, p <0.05). The baru almond from the three regions showed a high protein (31 g. 100 g-1), lipids (41 g. 100 g-1) and energy (532 kcal. 100 g-1) contents, with no significant differences between the three regions. The almond also showed a high content of fiber (12 g. 100 g-1), iron (3 mg. 100 g-1) and zinc (3 mg. 100 g-1). It was found significant differences in the amino acid profile between the regions assessed, and the amino acid valine was the first limiting in the three regions (AAS between 77% and 89%). The value of PDCAAS of the almond protein from the West region (73%) was higher than the Southeast region (64%). The NPR index was similar between the three regions (relative NPR = 71%). The origin region of the baru did not influence the nutritional composition, but caused differences in amino acid profile of the almonds. The almonds are rich in lipids, protein, fiber, iron and zincItem Influência do tempo de torra por microondas nas características sensoriais, físicas e químicas de farelos de arroz e sua aplicação em barras de cereais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) GARCIA, Marina Costa; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265; BENASSI, Marta de Toledo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7409756675845441; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave roasting time on the sensorial, physical, and chemical characteristics of rice brans and their application in cereal bars. The raw and roasted rice brans of the BRS Sertaneja, BRS Primavera and IRGA 417 cultivars differed in regard to the color parameter, with darkening, yellowing and reddening occurring with roasting. IRGA 417 s raw and roasted brans presented a lighter coloration in comparison with those of the BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja cultivars. The Free Profile made it possible to differentiate the samples by cultivar and roasting time. The longer the roasting time, the more intense were the brans roasted and burned aroma and flavor. The IRGA 417 cultivar was characterized by a less burnt aroma and flavor. IRGA and Primavera were more similar to each other and differed from the BRS Sertaneja cultivar for the same roasting times. The centesimal composition of rice bran changed during roasting, but rice bran may still be used as human food since it remains rich in proteins and lipids as well as increasing insoluble and total dietary fiber content. The roasting process lowered the level of reducer sugar and phytic acid in rice bran. As the quantity of roasted rice bran in the cereal bar formulations increased, there was a tendency toward lower rupture force (0.87 N), less water activity (0.54), intermediate density (0.76 g/cm3) and darkening of the bars (L* of 31. 20). The experimental formulation with the proportion of 0.34 roasted rice bran, 0.32 rice flakes and 0.34 corn flakes was closest to the bar with the greatest desirability. The experimental cereal bars with roasted rice bran may be classified as a functional product due to their high level of dietary fibers. The cereal bars formulated with roasted rice bran levels between 10.15% and 20% were accepted by consumers, varying on the scale between I liked it somewhat to I liked it a lot .Item Extrusão de farinha de feijao hard-to-cook: caracteristicas bioquimicas e propriedades funcionais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) BATISTA, Karla de Aleluia; PRUDENCIO, Sandra Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3338079022825695; FERNANDES, Kátia Flávia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737543228759171Beans are an important source of protein, starch, vitamins and minerals. However, the presence of antinutritional factors and the development of the hard-to-cook effect by storage under high moisture (>75%) and temperature (30-40ºC), decrease the nutritional value and acceptability these grains causing important economic losses. An alternative for the use of the hard-to-cook beans is the extrusion cooking. Heat, water and high pressure in the extrusion process causes chemical and physical changes that permit the use of hard-to-cook grains. In this sense, the changes occasioned by extrusion in biochemical and functional properties of hard-to-cook common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flours of carioca and black varieties and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were investigated. Beans were milled and extruded in a singlescrew extruder with compression ration of 3:1, screw speed of 150 rpm, and 5 mm die. The central temperature and moisture were fixed in 150 ºC and 20% (dry basis). Raw and extruded flours were evaluated for chemical composition, antinutritional factors, functional properties and in vitro protein and starch digestibility. Results indicated that the extrusion did not affect the proximate composition of flours, except the cowpea that presented significant difference among the moisture content. However the process occasioned complete elimination of haemaglutination and α-amylase inhibitors activity and decreased significantly the phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor content. Regarding functional properties evaluated, there was increase of the water solubility and absorption and gelation capacity, reduction of the emulsifying capacity and stability and elimination of foaming formation in all extrudates. The protein and starch digestibility increased significantly in extrudates of the varieties carioca and black. However, only protein digestibility of cowpea was improved by extrusion process. These results indicate that is possible to produce new extruded products whit nutritional value improved and good functional and biochemical properties from these bean varieties.