Avaliação de elementos de infiltração de águas pluviais na zona norte da cidade de Goiânia
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2008-08-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The development of the urban environment results in an expansion of impervious ground surfaces that greatly affects the hydrological cycle in the cities. The objective of this research is to evaluate infiltration structures for the control of excess drainage at the origin of runoff. These structures are constructed with the purpose of minimizing the impact of impervious surfaces to the urban environment. An experimental field was established consisting of several infiltration structures, such as small-diameter pilot wells and real scale wells. The real scale wells used perforated concrete pipe casing and brick lining. Falling-head infiltration tests were carried out during 15 months, encompassing the dry and rainy seasons. The infiltration tests were undertaken with initial conditions that correspond to the natural water content at the time of testing. Additional tests were undertaken with previously flooded conditions, reproducing several consecutive rainy days. The monitoring of pilot wells along with real scale wells allowed the evaluation of project parameters obtained from pilot wells. The values of average infiltration rate of different infiltration wells were compared and the performance of the several structures was compared. Laboratory test were carried out for the determination of the hydraulic parameters of the ground profile, including the saturated hydraulic conductivity the soil-water characteristic curve. A numerical model for the simulation of infiltration wells was implemented using the software FlexPDE. Special boundary conditions were developed that take into account the transient relationship between the varying hydraulic head at the well walls and the total volume infiltrated during a test. The numerical simulations contributed for a better understanding of the infiltration mechanism, the influence of the hydraulic conductivity to the infiltration rate, and the determination of the wetting front and pore-water pressures during infiltration. A design criterion for infiltration wells was proposed using daily compensation, considering the daily water balance during 25 years, and the precipitation historical series of the site. The proposed design criterion makes possible the selection of the group of infiltration structures that meet the project goals. The design criterion also allowed the evaluation of the theoretical performance of wells designed using two conventional criteria
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CARVALHO, Eufrosina Terezinha Leão. Avaliação de elementos de infiltração de águas pluviais na zona norte da cidade de Goiânia. 2008. 222 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geotecnia, Estruturas e Construção Civil) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2008.