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    Complete mitochondrial genomes of three Cichla species: annotation, diversity, and phylogenetic insights
    (2026) Silva, Diego Ortiz da; Corvalan, Leonardo Carlos Jerônimo; Ferreira, Ramilla dos Santos Braga; Brito, Cíntia Pelegrineti Targueta de Azevedo; Pie, Marcio Roberto; Silva, Leo Caetano Fernandes; Nunes, Rhewter; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos
    The Cichlidae family, especially the South American genus Cichla, is notable for its rapid diversification and ecological impacts following introductions outside its native range. In this study, we first describe the mitogenomes of three Cichla species. The mitogenome of Cichla piquiti was sequenced from a sample collected at Serra da Mesa Lake, located in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Additionally, the mitogenomes of Cichla monoculus and Cichla temensis were assembled using public data. The mitogenomes were assembled using NovoPlasty, and comparative analyses were performed, including those of the Cichla ocellaris mitogenome data. The mitogenomes ranged from 16,526 bp (C. monoculus) to 16,536 bp (C. piquiti), exhibiting a conserved genomic structure with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. These mitogenomes were validated by reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the Cichlinae subfamily. We identified nucleotide composition biases and observed high nucleotide diversity in the D-loop region. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete mitogenome data indicated that Cichla species form a clade with C. ocellaris, a sister clade to Retroculini. This study provides new mitogenomic insights into Cichla, offering valuable genomic resources for species identification and ecological monitoring.
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    How climate change may affect the seasonal and spatial patterns of acoustic activity in a neotropical tree frog?
    (2026) Oliveira, Seixas Rezende; Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro de; Souza, Antonio O.; Guimarães, Frederico Augusto; Llusia, Guilherme Diego; Ribeiro, Matheus de Souza Lima
    We investigated the climatic niche associated with the acoustic activity of the Neotropical tree frog Scinax fuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925) to evaluate the long-term effects of climate change on this behavior, considering both its seasonal and spatial distribution. To do so, we employed passive acoustic monitoring and Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM), integrating frog occurrence records with climatic variables in a GIS framework. The current distribution of the species was modeled and projected under future climate scenarios using four presence-only modeling techniques. Acoustic activity was further modeled using a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM), relating calling behavior to ambient temperature based on field-collected data. Long-term projections of climate change effects on the calling activity of S. fuscomarginatus were made by comparing temperature conditions from the early (2000–2010) and late (2090–2100) 21st century. ENM results suggest that the species’ potential geographic distribution will contract due to climatic shifts, reducing areas with favorable conditions for acoustic activity. As a result, the seasonal and daily calling patterns of S. fuscomarginatus males are expected to be significantly altered, with likely consequences for the species’ reproductive success, demographic stability, and long-term population persistence.
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    Alignment of cultural interest and conservation priority in sub-saharan Africa National Parks
    (2026) Azevedo, Karoline; Hortal Muñoz, Joaquín; Martins, Fernanda Alves; Gandiwa, Patience; Masozera, Michel; Malhado, Ana Cláudia Mendes; Ladle, Richard James
    Against the backdrop of accelerating biodiversity loss and limited conservation funding, understanding what drives interest in National Parks (NPs) is key to securing political and financial support. We analyzed 322 NPs across 44 sub-Saharan African countries, integrating digital visibility (Wikipedia page views) as a proxy for Cultural Interest with the relative proportion of threatened mammal species as a measure of Conservation Priority. We examined socio-geographic drivers of both dimensions and identified mammal species most associated with Cultural Interest. Park size, age, regional patterns, and colonial language influenced Cultural Interest, while socio-economic variables such as inequality and population density were more strongly linked to Conservation Priority. Results reveal geographic asymmetries: NPs in Austral Africa show high Cultural Interest but relatively lower Conservation Priority, Central and Western Africa harbor greater biodiversity threats but receive less attention, and Eastern Africa balances both dimensions. Although the ‘Big Five’ dominate attention, lesser-known mammals such as primates, small felids, and ungulates offer untapped potential to increase park visibility. Cultural Interest and Conservation Priority show limited alignment, exposing gaps between public visibility and ecological need. By positioning parks within a two-dimensional framework, we highlight opportunities for targeted communication, digital engagement, and financing strategies to bridge this divide and strengthen conservation agendas.
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    Fire shifts the structure and dynamics of woody plant communities in a Mediterranean coastal dune ecosystem
    (2026) Mira, André Ferreira; Medina, Nagore García; Chozas, Sergio; Divieso, Raquel; Castro-Rivadeneyra, Juan; Díaz-Barradas, Mari Cruz; Hortal Muñoz, Joaquín
    Background Coastal dune ecosystems are fragile habitats where vegetation interacts with harsh abiotic conditions, making them highly vulnerable to climate-driven disturbances such as wildfire. In 2017, a large fire in Doñana Natural Park (SW Spain) provided an opportunity to assess how fire affects woody plant community composition, structure, and interactions across a natural coastal–inland gradient. We compared a burnt area (Cuesta Maneli) with an adjacent unburnt area (Laguna del Jaral) by applying non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), Mantel tests, and analyses of co-occurrence and spatial aggregation. Results Species composition in the unburnt area was strongly linked to soil variables and showed clear spatial differentiation along the coastal–inland gradient, reflecting strong abiotic filtering and structured negative interactions. In contrast, the burnt area exhibited homogenized community composition across the gradient, with increased species abundance but no significant relationship between soil and species composition, suggesting that fire weakened environmental filters. Species co-occurrence patterns also differed: neutral associations dominated in the burnt area, whereas negative associations and spatial clustering prevailed in the unburnt area. These results suggest that fire reduced competition and increased resource availability, producing a more homogeneous and opportunistic community structure. The findings highlight that post-fire community dynamics cannot be explained solely by deterministic filters but also by neutral dynamics that shape community organization and successional pathways. Conclusion Fire disturbance reshapes Mediterranean coastal dune plant communities by weakening environmental filtering, reducing competitive structuring, and promoting more neutral patterns of species co-occurrence, ultimately leading to a more homogeneous community across environmental gradients. Recognizing these shifts advances our understanding of woody plant community reorganization after a fire and provides a framework to inform conservation and restoration in fire-prone Mediterranean dune systems.
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    Scrutinizing the Wallacean shortfall: global gaps in snakeoccurrence data across space and environmen
    (2026) Frateles, Lívia Estéfane Fernandes; Ronquillo, Cristina; Nakamura, Gabriel; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Ladle, Richard James; Hortal Muñoz, Joaquín
    Occurrence records are fundamental for ecological and evolutionary research, provid-ing key information on species’ geographic ranges. However, these records are oftentaxonomically, spatially, and temporally biased, requiring caution in their use. Here,we analysed the spatial coverage of occurrence records for over 3500 snake speciesworldwide to identify geographical gaps, biases, and priority areas for surveys. We cal-culated completeness metrics to detect well-sampled cells and assessed whether thesecells adequately represent the climatic conditions across biogeographic realms. We alsoidentified priority areas for surveys based on geographic and environmental distancesfrom well-sampled cells, which may reflect different environmental conditions and spe-cies. Our results show that the number of well-sampled cells is higher in the Nearctic,Western Palearctic, and Australasia, whereas the Afrotropical, Eastern Palearctic, andIndomalayan realms remain poorly sampled. Although the Neotropical realm hasa relatively high number of well-sampled cells, they are spatially clustered, leavinglarge areas under-sampled. Overall, well-sampled cells fail to represent the majorityof climatic types present in each realm; also, rare climates are underrepresented inthe Nearctic, Neotropical, and Indomalayan realms. We highlight priority areas in allrealms, particularly in high-latitude regions of the Nearctic and Palearctic and in low-latitude regions of the Neotropical, Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasia realms.While the low number of occurrence records in extremely high latitudes may reflectlow abundance and species richness, these areas can still harbour undescribed speciesand high taxonomic uncertainty. However, given the limited funding and resources,we suggest that redirecting survey efforts to neglected and species-rich regions is essen-tial for enhancing strategic planning for snake biodiversity conservation.