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Item type: Item , Redes técnicas e urbanas no centro-norte brasileiro(Denis Castilho, 2025-11-11) Castilho (org.), Denis; Castilho (org.), Denis; Bessa (org.), Kelly; Oliveira (org.), Fernando; Dantas (org.), DallysItem type: Item , Physiological effects of environmental enrichment on BALB/c and C57BL/6 strain mice(2025) Gama, Loyane Almeida; Almeida, Maria Aparecida Sousa Oliveira; Souto, Paula Cristina de Souza; Bressan, Alecsander Fabricio Moreira; Vitorino, Fernanda Regina Casagrande Giachini; Américo, Madileine FrancelyOur aim was to assess the effects of enriched environment (EE) on some physiological variables, comparing BALB/c and C57BL/6 strain mice. Female BALB/c and C57BL/6 were individually housed under standard laboratory cages for 6 weeks and randomly separated into groups (n = 7 per strain per group): Standard environment (SE); Environmental enrichment (EE). The EE protocol consisted of toys and nesting material in home cages for each mouse. Weight gain, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, and gastrointestinal transit were assessed in SE and EE groups after 6 weeks. At sacrifice, corticosterone serum, thymus and splenic weight, and intestinal histology were also determined. There was no significant difference in body weight gain or heart rate; however, EE significantly reduced the plasma levels of corticosterone and SBP compared to SE groups in BALB/c and C57BL/6. Gastrointestinal transit was faster in BALB/c mice compared to C57BL/6 mice in SE. EE did not significantly change the transit for BALB/c mice, but was markedly accelerated in C57BL/6 mice. There was no difference in the thymus/body weight ratio for strain or housing condition; however, BALB/c mice displayed a higher spleen/body weight ratio compared to C57BL/6 regardless of housing conditions. Our data reinforce the importance of choosing the better experimental model due to the difference between the strains and importance of including EE, especially for the C57BL/6 strain, where there seems to be more physiological impact.Item type: Item , Increased protein O-GlcNAcYLATION in human placentas from hypertensive pregnancies(2025) Castro, Marta de Lima; Passos Junior, Rinaldo Rodrigues dos; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Amaral, Waldemar Naves do; Vitorino , Fernanda Regina Casagrande GiachiniIntroduction Key proteins involved in placentation are susceptible to O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation). Anomalies in protein O-GlcNAcylation have been associated with pathological conditions, including hypertension, and it is known that arterial hypertension negatively impacts placental function. However, the precise impact of protein O-GlcNAcylation on placental function and fetal growth remains unclear in humans. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate O-GlcNAcylation expression, and its catalytic enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), in the placenta of pregnant women suffering from high blood pressure disorders. Methods Full-term placental samples were collected and divided into groups of normotensives (n = 11) or hypertensives women (n = 11). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assessed O-GlcNAc and OGT expressions, and morphological characterization was conducted in all samples. Results In the hypertensive group, the maternal age (p = 0.041) was higher, whereas the gestational age (p = 0.004) and the newborn weight (p = 0.032) decreased, compared to the normotensive group. Morphometric analysis showed that the placentas from the hypertensive group displayed altered morphology, which was compatible with placentas from hypertensive mothers. Placental O-GlcNAc (p = 0.029) and OGT (p = 0.048) protein expression were higher in the hypertensive group. Augmented expression of O-GlcNAc was more predominant in the villi but also observed at the decidua. Discussion The present study demonstrates augmented protein O-GlcNAcylation and OGT expression in the placenta of pregnant with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In the future, the use of banks of placental tissue may be a useful strategy to map and identify candidates for O-GlcNAc modulation, requiring further evaluation.Item type: Item , Skinny fat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-salt/sucrose diet in young male rats(2025) Cavalcante, Keilah Valéria Naves; Ferreira Junior, Marcos Divino; Moreira, Marina Conceição dos Santos; Marques, Stefanne Madalena; Fajemiroye, James Oluwagbamigbe; Miranda, Rosiane Aparecida; Silva, Patrícia Cristina Lisbôa da; Moura, Egberto Gaspar de; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; Colombari, Eduardo; Pedrino, Gustavo RodriguesChildhood and puberty can affect metabolism, leading to tissue injury and malfunction later in life. The consumption of high-processed foods rich in salt and sugar is increasing in middle- and high-income countries, especially among young people. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of high salt and sugar levels in the youth on most injured organs during metabolic challenges. We aimed to investigate whether high-salt/sucrose intake affects whole-body development and leads to end-organ injury. Weaned male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group fed a standard diet and tap water, and an experimental group (SS) fed a standard diet and a beverage containing 1·8 % NaCl and 20 % sucrose instead of tap water. The animals were treated for 60 d, starting after weaning at 21 d of age, after which the animals were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests, urine collection and heart rate monitoring and euthanised for sample collection at 81 d of age. SS showed reduced body weight gain and increased food intake of sodium/sucrose solution. Interestingly, high-salt/sucrose intake led to increased body adiposity, liver lipid inclusion, heart rate and renal dysfunction. SS exhibits increased levels of PPAR alpha to counterbalance the hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue. Our findings reveal that the SS rat model exhibits non-obvious obesity with end-organ damage and preserved brown adipose tissue function. This model closely parallels human conditions with normal BMI but elevated visceral adiposity, providing a relevant tool for studying atypical metabolic disorders.Item type: Item , Changes in thymus size, cellularity and expression of CD4+ and CD8+ coreceptors induced by O-GlcNAcylation, through regulation of AMPK(2025) Ázara, Thânia de Almeida Morais; Freitas, Raiany Alves de; Hochberger, Luana Caroline; Reis, Karen Almeida; Vitorino, Fernanda Regina Casagrande Giachini; Souto, Vitorino Paula Cristina de Souza; Lima, Victor VitorinoIntroduction:Glycosylation with N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has been shown to be essential during T cell activation. Objective:The present study evaluated the impact of increased levels of O-GlcNAcylation on thymic size, cellularity and expression of CD4+ and CD8+ surface markers, through the regulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and caspase-3. Material and Methods:Male Wistar rats were treated with glucosamine 300 mg/kg or saline for 21 days. The thymus was collected for analysis of size, cellularity, morphometry and protein quantification by western blotting (O-GlcNAc, OGT, CD4+, CD8+, phospho-AMPK, caspase-3). Results:Glucosamine treatment increased global levels of O-GlcNAc [1.00 vs2.14 ± 0.19 AU] and OGT [1.00 vs 1.31 ± 0.10 AU] in thymic tissue. O-glycosylation increased thymic index (0.10 vs 0.12 ± 0.00 kg/rat) and cellularity (446.90 ± 55.12 vs 891.10 ± 142.30 cells/mL), but was not able to promote morphological changes. The active form of AMPK was overexpressed (1.00 vs 1.48 ± 0.09 AU) and caspase-3 was reduced (1.0 vs 0.44 ± 0.07 AU). O-GlcNAc reduced the expression of CD4+ (1.00 vs 0.68 ± 0.08 AU) and CD8+ (1.00 vs 0.66 ± 0.10 AU) markers. Conclusion:O-GlcNAcylation induces an increase in thymic size and cellularity by inhibiting the caspase-3 apoptotic pathway through AMPK activation. However, O-GlcNAcylation reduces the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ coreceptors, demonstrating that O-GlcNAc may represent a novel mechanism for thymocyte modulation.