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Item type: Item , Testicular morphology of the teleost fish Psalidodon xavante (Garutti & Venere, 2009): insights from light and transmission electron microscopy(2025) Oliveira, Sérgio Marcelino de; Santos, Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dos; Taboga, Sebastião Roberto; Mimura, Kallyne Kioko OliveiraPsalidodon xavante, a teleost fish originally assigned to the genus Astyanax, was recently described and lacks characterization of its testicular histophysiology, spermatogenic processes, and spermatozoa morphology. This study aimed to provide a morphological and ultrastructural description of the testes and spermatozoa of P. xavante. Testes were collected in two distinct seasons and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. All specimens collected in both periods, regardless of size and weight, were sexually mature. No anatomical differences were observed in gonadal anatomy between both periods collected, indicating no seasonal differentiation in testicular structure. P. xavante displays split spawning, reproducing recurrently throughout the year, as evidenced by the presence of spermatogenic cysts and spermatozoa in both seasons Spermatozoa have a circular/oval head, without acrosome, with an intermediate piece that forms an asymmetric collar around the base of unique flagellum. This study provides the first description of P. xavante testis, demonstrating that the distribution of spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules corresponds to unrestricted type with cystic spermatogenesis. The species exhibits split spawning and possesses mature spermatozoa exclusively within the lumen of seminiferous tubules throughout the year. These findings are essential for the development of tools to understand and preserve this Brazilian cerrado endemic species.Item type: Item , Perinatal exposure to BPA leads to pronounced prostatic morphophysiological disorders in a rodent model of induced hyperplasia(2025) Silva, Stella Bicalho; Grigio, Vitor; Ruiz, Thalles Fernando Rocha; Calmon, Marilia de Freitas; Rahal, Paula; Taboga, Sebastião Roberto; Santos, Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dos; Vilamaior, Patricia Simone LeiteBisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor potentially harmful to male reproductive health. We aimed to investigate the impacts of perinatal exposure to a historically relevant and realistic dose of BPA on the ventral prostate under normal conditions and with prostatic hyperplasia in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Females were exposed to BPA (50 μg/kg/day) during gestation and lactation. The F1 male offspring were maintained until adulthood and subsequently treated with testosterone to induce prostatic hyperplasia. Morphological, molecular, and hormonal parameters were assessed on the ventral prostate. Testosterone-supplemented gerbils showed increased epithelium height and smooth muscle layer thickness. In the context of hyperplasia, perinatal exposure to BPA led to the onset of severe histopathologies (e.g., prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma, and microacini), associated with increased cell proliferation. Perinatal BPA-exposed gerbils with prostatic hyperplasia showed increased pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, COX-2, and F4/80), followed by a reduction in IL-10 protein levels. Regarding the steroid receptors, gerbils from this group presented a decrease in AR, followed by an increase in epithelial ERα expression. Molecularly, ERβ protein levels were higher in the prostate of perinatally exposed to BPA or testosterone-supplemented gerbils. Moreover, serum testosterone and estradiol levels increased after testosterone supplementation, whereas the T/E2 ratio increased in gerbils exposed to both treatments. Overall, the current study presents novel and comprehensive data on the life-long morphophysiological disorders caused by perinatal exposure to BPA on the ventral prostate of gerbils, highlighting the pronounced impacts observed in the context of hyperplasia.Item type: Item , Distinct disruptive effects of methylparaben and propylparaben on the prostate and gonads of adult gerbils(2025) Silva, Edvaldo Mendes; Costa, Janaina Ribeiro; Corrêa, Ariany Angéllica Caballero; Ribeiro, Naiara Cristina de Souza; Campos, Hericles Mesquita; Mendes, Elizabeth Pereira; Marques, Mara Rubia; Taboga, Sebastião Roberto; Ghedini, Paulo César; Santos, Sérgio Alexandre Alcantara dos; Biancardi, Manoel Francisco; Santos, Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dosParabens are chemicals used as preservatives in food, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals. Detectable paraben levels are found in water, air, and soil, making human and animal exposure unavoidable. This study evaluated the effects of methylparaben, propylparaben, and their mixture on the prostate and gonads of male and female gerbils. Gerbils aged 90 days were assigned to the groups: (M) 10 mg/kg/day of methylparaben; (P) 10 mg/kg/day of propylparaben; (M + P) 5 mg/kg/day of methylparaben plus 5 mg/kg/day of propylparaben; (C) control group. The animals were treated orally for 30 consecutive days, and the prostates and gonads were subjected to morphometric-stereological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses. The male ventral prostates in the P and M + P groups showed an increase in relative weight, higher cell proliferation, besides the occurrence of hyperplasia and epithelial desquamation. All treatments reduced malondialdehyde levels in the male prostate. The female prostate exhibited alterations in all treated groups, but with greater severity in the P and M + P groups. These alterations included increased cell proliferation and epithelial hyperplasia, as well as stromal inflammatory foci and increased secretory activity. M, P, and M + P reduced the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the thickness of the germinal epithelium, and the catalase activity in the testes. In the ovaries, P and M + P reduced the primary follicle number and increased the superoxide dismutase activity. These results indicate that propylparaben is more harmful to the prostate and gonads than methylparaben, and that the acceptable daily intake for these parabens is not safe for reproductive health.Item type: Item , Centrally acting chalcones: from anticancer and antinociceptive properties to molecular considerations(2025) Turones, Larissa Córdova; Moreira, Caroline Vitória de Lima; Ogbu, John Ihayi; Perjési, Pál; Borges, Igor Dalarmelino; Napolitano, Hamilton Barbosa; Ibrahim, Mohamed Ateia; Costa, Elson Alves; Fajemiroye, James OluwagbamigbeThis review reveals multiple targets of chalcones and provides structure-to-activity relationships and the mechanism of actions of chalcones. Research data consistently provide anticancer and antinociceptive evidence for some chalcones. The physicochemical characterization and molecular modeling of cardamonin—CD (multitargeted nutraceutical) with anticancer and antinociceptive properties provide insight into its pharmacological profile. Active sites of CD that are favorable for electrophilic attacks could interfere with cell proliferation pathways or trigger programmed cell death. The ability of oxygen atoms from CD to donate electrons may favor interaction with specific sites on cancer cells before a potential inhibition of uncontrolled cell growth and elicit an antinociceptive effect and antioxidant reactions that decrease inflammation and pain perception. Further research on chemical modifications and significant structural motifs of the privileged chalcone scaffold could produce new chalcone derivatives with enriched pharmacology.Item type: Item , Human ovarian tissue xenotransplantation: advancements, challenges, and future perspectives(2025) Thuwanut, Paweena; Leonel, Ellen Cristina Rivas; Ruiz, Thalles Fernando Rocha; Sirayapiwat, Porntip; Kristensen, Stine Gry; Amorim, Christiani AndradeOvarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has emerged as a promising fertility preservation technique for individuals facing premature ovarian insufficiency due to various medical conditions or treatments. Xenotransplantation, involving the transplantation of ovarian tissue into animal hosts, has played a pivotal role in refining ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation techniques and addressing key challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of ovarian tissue xenotransplantation research, focusing on its applications in investigating ovarian biology, optimizing ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation protocols, and assessing safety concerns. It also explores the utilization of xenografting of human ovarian tissue in mouse models in the last 10 years. Key findings from preclinical studies investigating grafting site optimization, cryopreservation protocol refinement, the development of strategies to mitigate chemotherapy-induced damage, follicle development, tissue revascularization, and the risk of malignant cell reintroduction are summarized. Moreover, the review examines the ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals in ovarian tissue xenotransplantation research and suggests emerging alternative models that aim to minimize animal use while maximizing clinical relevance.