High prevalence and onward transmission of non-pandemic HIV-1 subtype B clades in northern and northeastern Brazilian regions
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2016
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The Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) epidemic in Brazil is mainly driven by
the subtype B pandemic lineage (BPANDEMIC), while Caribbean non-pandemic subtype B
clades (BCAR) seem to account for a very low fraction of HIV-infections in this country. The
molecular characteristics of the HIV-1 subtype B strains disseminated in the Northern and
Northeastern Brazilian regions, however, have not been explored so far. In this study, we
estimate the prevalence of the HIV-1 BPANDEMIC and BCAR clades across different Brazilian
regions and we reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of the major Bra zilian BCAR clades. A total of 2,682 HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences collected from 21 differ ent Brazilian states from the five country regions between 1998 and 2013 were analyzed.
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses revealed that the BCAR strains reached 16 out
21 Brazilian states here analyzed. The BCAR clades comprise a low fraction (<10%) of sub type B infections in most Brazilian states analyzed, with exception of Roraima (41%), Ama zonas (14%) and Maranhão (14%). Bayesian phylogeographic analyses indicate that BCAR
strains originally from the Hispaniola and Trinidad and Tobago were introduced at multiple
times into different states from all Brazilian regions and a few of those strains, probably
introduced into Roraima, Maranhão and São Paulo between the late 1970s and the early
1980s, established secondary outbreaks in the Brazilian population. These results support
that the HIV-1 subtype B epidemics in some Brazilian states from the Northern and North eastern regions display a unique molecular pattern characterized by the high prevalence of
BCAR lineages, which probably reflects a strong epidemiological link with the HIV-1 epidem ics in the Caribbean region.
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DIVINO, Flavia et al. High prevalence and onward transmission of non-pandemic HIV-1 subtype B clades in northern and northeastern Brazilian regions. Plos One, San Francisco, v. 11, n. 9, e0162112, 2016. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162112. Disponível em: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014447/. Acesso em: 12 fev. 2025.