Impacto da obesidade no controle da asma e na função pulmonar de crianças asmáticas: um estudo transversal
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El asma y la obesidad infantil son desafíos crecientes para la salud pública
mundial. Se reconoce que la obesidad dificulta el control del asma en niños, con mecanismos
fisiopatológicos que contribuyen a la disfunción pulmonar. Comprender esta compleja interacción es
crucial para un manejo clínico efectivo y el desarrollo de estrategias de salud apropiadas.
OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal fue analizar el impacto de la obesidad en el control del asma y la
función pulmonar en niños asmáticos. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 165 niños y
adolescentes asmáticos seguidos en clínicas ambulatorias especializadas. Los datos de las historias
clínicas se utilizaron para evaluar el índice de masa corporal (IMC) mediante puntuaciones Z para
clasificar el sobrepeso/obesidad, el control del asma (criterios GINA y Prueba de Control del Asma -
ACT) y la función pulmonar (espirometría). La significación estadística se estableció en p < 0,05.
RESULTADOS: La muestra tenía una edad media de 11,00 ± 3,21 años, con un 61,21% de
participantes varones y un 34,50% con sobrepeso/obesidad. Se observó una asociación significativa
entre el sobrepeso/obesidad y un peor control del asma (GINA: p=0,047; ACT: p=0,041). Sin
embargo, no se observaron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los parámetros espirométricos
convencionales entre los grupos. CONCLUSIONES: La obesidad en niños asmáticos se asoció
significativamente con un peor control de la enfermedad, incluso en ausencia de alteraciones
marcadas en las pruebas de función pulmonar tradicionales. Esto refuerza la necesidad de enfoques
integrados, que incluyan la monitorización nutricional y la promoción de la actividad física, en el
manejo del asma pediátrico.
BACKGROUND: Asthma and childhood obesity are globally growing public health challenges. Obesity is recognized for exacerbating asthma control in children, with pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to pulmonary dysfunction. Understanding this complex interaction is crucial for effective clinical management and the development of appropriate health strategies. AIMS: The main objective was to analyze the impact of obesity on asthma control and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 165 asthmatic children and adolescents followed in specialized outpatient clinics. Medical record data were used to evaluate Body Mass Index (BMI) using Z-scores to classify overweight/obesity, asthma control (GINA criteria and Asthma Control Test - ACT), and pulmonary function (spirometry). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The sample had a mean age of 11.00 ± 3.21 years, with 61.21% male participants and 34.50% presenting overweight/obesity. A significant association was observed between overweight/obesity and worse asthma control (GINA: p=0.047; ACT: p=0.041). However, no significant differences were observed in most conventional spirometric parameters between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in asthmatic children was significantly associated with worse disease control, even in the absence of significant changes in traditional pulmonary function tests. This reinforces the need for integrated approaches, including nutritional monitoring and promotion of physical activity, in the management of pediatric asthma.
BACKGROUND: Asthma and childhood obesity are globally growing public health challenges. Obesity is recognized for exacerbating asthma control in children, with pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to pulmonary dysfunction. Understanding this complex interaction is crucial for effective clinical management and the development of appropriate health strategies. AIMS: The main objective was to analyze the impact of obesity on asthma control and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 165 asthmatic children and adolescents followed in specialized outpatient clinics. Medical record data were used to evaluate Body Mass Index (BMI) using Z-scores to classify overweight/obesity, asthma control (GINA criteria and Asthma Control Test - ACT), and pulmonary function (spirometry). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The sample had a mean age of 11.00 ± 3.21 years, with 61.21% male participants and 34.50% presenting overweight/obesity. A significant association was observed between overweight/obesity and worse asthma control (GINA: p=0.047; ACT: p=0.041). However, no significant differences were observed in most conventional spirometric parameters between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in asthmatic children was significantly associated with worse disease control, even in the absence of significant changes in traditional pulmonary function tests. This reinforces the need for integrated approaches, including nutritional monitoring and promotion of physical activity, in the management of pediatric asthma.
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CAMARGO, Aika Loiany Andrade de. Impacto da obesidade no controle da asma e na função pulmonar de crianças asmáticas: um estudo transversal. Aracê, São José dos Pinhais, v. 8, n. 2, e12207, 2026. DOI: 10.56238/arev8n2-083. Disponível em: https://periodicos.newsciencepubl.com/arace/article/view/12207. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2026.