Inclusão financeira e desenvolvimento socieconômico: uma análise dos municípios do estado de Goiás

Abstract

This study examined the impact of financial inclusion on the socioeconomic development of municipalities in the state of Goiás. To achieve the proposed objective, data were collected from 246 municipalities in the state, covering a ten-year period from 2007 to 2016, totaling 2,279 municipality-year observations. For data analysis, descriptive statistical techniques and the application of a linear regression model with panel data were employed. Among the main results, a positive and statistically significant relationship was found between financial inclusion, represented by bankarization, and the socioeconomic development levels of the municipalities in the state of Goiás. Financial inclusion in this study was contextualized and analyzed from the perspective of the provision of financial services and products by formal banking institutions, taking into account the number of bank branches and banking service points authorized by the Central Bank of Brazil. The results indicated that municipalities with more financial infrastructure, such as bank branches or banking service points, tend to exhibit higher levels of socioeconomic development. Additionally, it was found that own revenue (RCTA) and the share of the Motor Vehicle Property Tax (IPVA) have a positive influence on socioeconomic development of the municipalities of Goiás. It was concluded that financial inclusion can promote economic growth and improve social conditions by facilitating access to financial services, credit, investments, and other tools essential for local development. This study highlights the importance of financial inclusion in the municipalities of Goiás and suggests that public policies and strategies by financial institutions can promote the socioeconomic development of the municipalities in Goiás.