Contribuição ao estudo comparativo do diagnóstico laboratorial clássico e molecular de Helicobacterpylori: uma abordagem investigativa

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral bacteria, microaerophilic, Gram negative inhabiting the human gastric mucosa. More than 90% of the world population is infected with the microorganism, the presence of bacteria is associated with diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disorders, gastric cancer and gastric lymphoma; But not all infected individuals present clinically significant pathologies. Effective diagnosis is of great need in the treatment and control of infections, since so it is important that this is accurate, has high accuracy, is fast and inexpensive. In this scenario, this study aimed to carry out a literature review on knowledge regarding the comparative study of classical laboratory clinical and molecular H. pylori, linking cost, accuracy and reproducibility. The rapid urease test and histological examination showed satisfactory level of specificity and sensitivity, and low cost. Molecular tests offer higher specificity and sensitivity, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), also presents the advantage of using non-invasive methods for obtaining the sample. The qPCR has an additional benefit because it allows the quantification of the sample, however both have the disadvantage of high cost. Despite the cost highest levels, molecular tests, are more promising, because in addition to being faster, identifying the presence of bacteria even before the clinical manifestations.