Ação do extrato hexânico de frutos maduros de Melia Azedarach (Meliaceae) sobre Boophilus Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) em bezerros infestados artificialmente
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2005-07-15
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A eficácia de um extrato hexânico dos frutos de Melia azedarach foi avaliada em bezerros infestados artificialmente com Boophilus microplus. Os frutos foram submetidos ao processo de secagem e, depois de moídos, o extrato foi produzido em Soxhlet utilizando-se o hexano como extrator. Oito bezerros infestados artificialmente, cinco vezes a cada cinco dias com 2.500 larvas de B. microplus, foram divididos em dois grupos (tratado e controle) com base na infestação por carrapatos. No dia zero os animais foram banhados com 3 litros de uma solução a 0,25% do extrato em água e acetona (1,2 litro). Os animais do grupo controle foram banhados com o mesmo volume de água e acetona. Diariamente, as fêmeas ingurgitadas desprendidas naturalmente eram contadas e 40 eram incubadas para acompanhamento dos parâmetros reprodutivos. O número médio de fêmeas, o índice de conversão em ovos (peso da massa de ovos / peso do grupo de fêmeas x 100) e o percentual de eclosão, obtidos nos dois grupos, foram comparados mediante o teste T de Student. Após 21 dias de contagens, o número médio de fêmeas ingurgitadas foi significativamente menor (P < 0,05) no grupo tratado (188) do que no controle (247). Porém, a conversão e a eclodibilidade das larvas não foram afetadas pelo tratamento. Estes resultados indicam que houve interferência da planta no desenvolvimento do carrapato sobre os animais, mas não na sua reprodução. Comparados com a literatura, os resultados se revelaram promissores. No entanto, novos estudos nos quais se empregue uma formulação adequada em uma concentração mais elevada são necessários para se propor o uso desta planta no controle deste carrapato. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The efficacy of Melia azedarach ripe fruit extract was evaluated in calves artificially infested with Boophilus microplus. The fruits were dried, powdered and extracted with hexane in a Soxhlet extractor. Every five days, for 20 days, eight calves were artificially infested with 2,500 larvae. Three days after the last infestation, the calves were divided into two groups, control and treated, based on tick infestation. The treated calves were sprayed with 3 liters of an extract solution (0.25%) in water (1.8 l) and acetone (1.2 l). The control group was sprayed with the same volume of water and acetone. Every day, the naturally detached females were counted and 40 were incubated to evaluate reproductive parameters. The means of engorged females, egg production (egg mass/female weight x 100) and eclosion percentage were compared using the Student t-test. A higher mean number of B. microplus females was observed in the control group (247) than in the treated one (188) (P < 0.05); however, the females of both groups had similar indices of egg conversion and hatchability. These results show the interference of M. azedarach fruit extract in parasitic stages of B. microplus, but no interference against aspects of tick reproduction. These results are promising, but it is necessary to carry out further experiments using a proper formulation for ticks and a higher concentration before using this plant extract to control B. microplus.
The efficacy of Melia azedarach ripe fruit extract was evaluated in calves artificially infested with Boophilus microplus. The fruits were dried, powdered and extracted with hexane in a Soxhlet extractor. Every five days, for 20 days, eight calves were artificially infested with 2,500 larvae. Three days after the last infestation, the calves were divided into two groups, control and treated, based on tick infestation. The treated calves were sprayed with 3 liters of an extract solution (0.25%) in water (1.8 l) and acetone (1.2 l). The control group was sprayed with the same volume of water and acetone. Every day, the naturally detached females were counted and 40 were incubated to evaluate reproductive parameters. The means of engorged females, egg production (egg mass/female weight x 100) and eclosion percentage were compared using the Student t-test. A higher mean number of B. microplus females was observed in the control group (247) than in the treated one (188) (P < 0.05); however, the females of both groups had similar indices of egg conversion and hatchability. These results show the interference of M. azedarach fruit extract in parasitic stages of B. microplus, but no interference against aspects of tick reproduction. These results are promising, but it is necessary to carry out further experiments using a proper formulation for ticks and a higher concentration before using this plant extract to control B. microplus.
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v. 34, n. 1, p. 53-59, jan./abr. 2005.
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BORGES, Ligia Miranda Ferreira; FERRI, Pedro Henrique; SILVA, Wellington Côrrea; SILVA, Waydson Jerônimo; MELO, Lorena Socorro; SOUZA, Lorena Alessandra Dias; SOARES, Sara Fernandes; FARIA, Karina Alves; GOMES, Natali Almeida; MORI, Anderson; SILVA, Nivia Faria. Ação do extrato hexânico de frutos maduros de Melia Azedarach (Meliaceae) sobre Boophilus Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) em bezerros infestados artificialmente. Revista de Patologia Tropical, Goiânia, GO, v. 34, n. 1, 2005. Disponível em: < http://www.revistas.ufg.br/index.php/iptsp/article/view/2137/2082>.