Desempenho acadêmico de estudantes em políticas de ações afirmativas: uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa

Abstract

Affirmative action policies, especially those regarding the reservation of places in higher education institutions in Brazil, have sparked debates regarding the difference in academic performance between students who participate in affirmative action and those who do not. Given this scenario, the main objective of this study was to analyze research on academic performance between the two groups, based on a bibliometric study. To achieve the proposed objectives, quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques were used. From a qualitative point of view, the research was carried out through a systematic bibliographic review of data collected from the Web of Science platform. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and treated using the PRISMA method with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the qualitative research indicated that the difference in academic performance is insignificant between the two groups in most studies. However, based on data from ENADE 2018, it was found that affirmative action students at Public Universities had a lower score compared to those admitted through broad competition, especially in the General Fundamentals item. However, the behavior of students at private universities is the opposite. Students admitted through affirmative action have higher grades with statistically significant differences at a 99% confidence level. Therefore, considering the differences in affirmative action policies between the types of institutions (public and private), it is important to highlight that empirical analyses on this topic should be carried out separately.