The ethanolic extract of Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. bark reduces the inflammation through the modulation of cytokines and nitric oxide mediated by the downregulation of NF-κB
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2020
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae), popularly known as “capitao ~
do campo”, is native from the Brazilian cerrado, which is used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases.
Aim of the study: We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects, toxicity and mechanisms of action
regarding the use of the hydroalcoholic extract of T. argentea bark.
Materials and methods: Toxicity was determinate in vitro using the macrophage lineage J774.1 without LPS. Cells
were treated with 0.5; 2; 8; 32 and 125 μg/mL of the plant extract. Cell viability was assessed by MTT colori
metric assay. The production of nitrite and cytokines was also determined in the supernatants. A NF-κB reporter
assay using RAW macrophages was employed to elucidate the impact of the plant extract on the expression of
such molecule. In mice, toxicity was assessed by orally given an intermediate to high concentration of the plant
extract on a single dose (1000 or 5000 mg/kg) or low and intermediate doses (300 or 1000 mg/kg) twice daily
for 14 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed
using the air-pouch model with or without pre-inoculation with the inflammatory stimuli LPS (0.5 μg/mL),
followed by treatment with plant extract at 5, 60 or 300 mg/kg administered in the air pouch (subcutaneous
injection). After 4 h, mice were euthanized and the air pouches washed with 2 mL heparinized PBS (10 IU/mL).
Then, the local production in the air pouch wash of cytokines, total proteins and leukocytes was assessed.
Results: No signals of toxicity were observed either in cells or mice. Regardless the concentration used in vitro, the
extract exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, as perceived by the reduction of the inflammatory
cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 and nitrites on cell supernatants. This was concomitant with a downregulation in
NF-κB and elevated levels of IL-10. In mice, similar effects were observed, especially when the plant extract was
given at 300 mg/kg, inhibiting the release of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and proteins, as well as increasing the release of
IL-10.
Conclusions: Altogether, our results demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract of T. argentea bark has antiinflammatory activity without inducing toxicity in cells or living animals. This activity seems to be chiefly
influenced by a downregulation in NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines and production of nitrite along with
augmented concentration of IL-10.
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Terminalia argentea, Inflammation, Anti-inflammatory activity, Cytokines, Air-pouch, NF-κB
Citação
MOREIRA, Mirella dos Reis de Araújo et al. The ethanolic extract of Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. bark reduces the inflammation through the modulation of cytokines and nitric oxide mediated by the downregulation of NF-κB. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Lausanne, v. 261, e113150, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113150. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874120330324?via%3Dihub. Acesso em: 9 jan. 2025.