Population-based surveillance of pediatric pneumonia: use of spatial analysis in an urban area of central Brazil
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2004-04
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Resumo
This study examined the spatial distribution of
childhood community-acquired pneumonia detected
through prospective surveillance in Goiânia,
Brazil. Three spatial analysis techniques
were applied to detect intra-urban geographic
aggregation of pneumonia cases: Kernel method,
nearest neighbor hierarchical technique, and
spatial scan statistic. A total of 724 pneumonia
cases confirmed by chest radiography were identified
from May 2000 to August 2001. All cases
were geocoded on a digital map. The annual
pneumonia risk rate was estimated at 566 cases/
100,000 children. Analysis using traditional
descriptive epidemiology showed a mosaic distribution
of pneumonia rates, while GIS methodologies
showed a non-random pattern with hot
spots of pneumonia. Cluster analysis by spatial
scan statistic identified two high-risk areas for
pneumonia occurrence, including one most likely
cluster (RR = 2.1; p < 0.01) and one secondary
cluster (RR = 1.3; p = 0.01). The data used for the
study are in line with recent WHO-led efforts to
improve and standardize pediatric pneumonia
surveillance in developing countries and show
how GIS and spatial analysis can be applied to
discriminate target areas of pneumonia for
public heath intervention.
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Child health, Pneumonia, Pneumonia, Spatial analysis
Citação
ANDRADE, Ana Lúcia Sampaio Sgambatti de et. al. Population-based surveillance of pediatric pneumonia: use of spatial analysis in an urban area of central Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 2, p. 411-421, 2004.