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Item Análise tridimensional de estabilidade de talude utilizando o método de equilíbrio limite aperfeiçoado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-29) ADRIANO, Pedro Rogério Ribeiro; GITIRANA JUNIOR, Gilson de Farias Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4710728908810849The main objective of this research is to investigate a three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis technique using the enhanced limit equilibrium method. The other objectives are to evaluate the practical applicability of the 3D analysis method, to interpret the physical significance of 3D stress states to the stability of a slope, and to determine the relationship between two-dimensional and three-dimensional factors of safety. For that, a computer program called SAFE3D was developed. The computer program is used to calculate the three-dimensional factor of safety (FS3D) for pre-established slip surfaces with spherical or ellipsoidal shape. The computer program is based on the two-dimensional analysis method proposed by Kulhawy, combined with an extension of this theory to 3D conditions that is proposed herein. The method developed consists in determining the in-situ stress fields by means of an elastic 3D stress-strain analysis using the finite element method. The 3D stress fields are then used to calculate the normal and shear stresses along any pre-determined slip surface and to determine the value of FS3D. Two slope stability problems widely studied by other researchers were analyzed in order to validate the program SAFE3D. The first problem corresponds to a symmetric cohesive slope and the second problem corresponds to a non-symmetric slope with cohesion and friction. Excellent results were obtained, suggesting that the program SAFE3D is efficient, stable, and robust for the problems studied. The values of FS3D obtained herein are similar to the values presented by other authors using distinct methods of analysis. A parametric study was carried out considering the shape of the slip surface and the shape of the face of the slope, including concave and convex slopes. The results indicate that the values of FS3D are always higher than the two-dimensional factor of safety (FS2D) of the intermediate surface. The value of FS3D decreased for slip surfaces extended across the sliding direction and approached the value of FS2D. It was determined that the Poisson's ratio has an important influence on the FS3D. The value of FS3D increases with the increase of Poisson's ratio. This influence varies with the geometry of the problem and the treatment given to the cinematically inadmissible shear stresses. Finally, a 3D analysis of the historic case of Lodalen is presented. The results indicate that the FS3D at the time of the slide is slightly higher and approaches 1 if the less favorable shear strength parameters determined by previous studies are used. In this case, the values obtained for FS2D are considerably smaller than 1, thereby indicating the potential superiority of the 3D approach.Item Bacia hidrográfica do córrego granada – Aparecida de Goiânia – GO: os processos erosivos e a dinâmica espacial urbana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-29) Aguiar, Vinicius Gomes de; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188184635964559; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; Sales, Maurício Martines; Guimarães, Renato FontesThe basin of the Granada stream, with approximately 15 km2, is placed in the central part of the Aparecida de Goiânia - GO, located in the region metropolitan of Goiânia, to the south of the Goiânia. This basin limits for the coordinates east 682,000 and 688,000, and 8.145.000 north 8.139.000m and, MC -51º, South hemisphere. Aparecida it presents a confusion growth, intensified from 1970, configuring a big horizontal urbanization, with demographic empty in the interior of the city. The ambient impacts in the city if had evidenced in the measure that the city if to expand on the deep ones of existing valleys, as in the case of the near occupations to the Granada stream. All these not calculated uses of lands in the basin, that is, without looking for to establish tools and methodologies of conservation, come back toward the ambient-urban planning, had induced negatives occurrence of the ambient impacts and partner-economic, mainly the deflagration and the acceleration of erosive processes, generally in direction to the courses of the rivers, as it is the case of the soil erosions that leave the vulnerable inhabitants the catastrophic accidents. Soon, to attain the central objective of this research, that to be understand as the urban space dynamics speeds up or to give rise to, start the erosive processes in the basin of the Granada stream, had been elaborated map of declivity, soil in-situ, occupation of lands and bending of the sources, from digital modeling of fine altimetric data with survey of field by means of topographical receiver GPS and images of satellite of diverse sensors. The study area is characterized for the ground predominance of the type Ustox soils, that had been classified how much its erodibilidade, by means of the laboratorial assay Inderbitzen, adapted in the scope of this research. With the assay it was possible to determine the loss of ground soil, for the action of the superficial draining in indeformados bodies of test. Although low the declivity of the land, the basin of Granada possess almost rectilinear, associates the deep and fragile ground, what it more than induced the to be published 30 erosions.Item Contribuição ao estudo da durabilidade e do transporte de fluidos em concretos contendo adições minerais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-21) Almeida, Marina Augusta Malagoni de; Carasek, Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3023241186996790; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Amaral, Tatiana Gondim do; Lopes, Anne Neiry de MendonçaBrazil's current water crisis, generated by the low level of reservoirs, has threatened the national energy production. Faced with this problem, the wind towers present themselves as a viable solution. It is known that these towers are constructed in regions of high aggressiveness and therefore, it is necessary to develop high performance concretes that are able to withstand environmental action to which they are submitted, so that these structures reach the lifespan previously defined in project, ensuring the viability of the towers. In this sense, the present study evaluates the mass transport mechanisms (permeability and absorption) that takes place inside the concrete containing mineral pozzolanic admixtures of high performance, in order to evaluate the influence of the presence of these additions in these properties. Three different study mixes were prepared containing, respectively, 9% of silica fume in composition with 1% of nanossílica, 5% of a metakaolin with high fineness in composition with 5% of a metakaolin slightly less fine, both with high pozzolanic activity, a mix containing only 10% of the metakaolin with higher fineness, and a reference proportioning. The analysis presented in this work involve the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to characterize the internal structure of the material, the trace reconstruction test to analyze the aggregate/binder ratio in the regions of the cover and the interior of concrete, and the analyzes related to the mass transport: water absorption by immersion and capillarity and the air permeability obtained by the Figg’s method, in addition to the mechanical characterization. The concrete with addition of pozzolanic admixtures showed significant improvements in compressive strength, in the modulus of elasticity, in the air permeability and in the refinement of pores. Furthermore, the evaluation of the microstructure by scanning electron microscope showed that the use of mineral admixtures may cause an improvement in the adhesion and in the densification of the transition zone between aggregate and cement paste. The trace reconstitution test showed that the concrete cover has lower ratio aggregate/binder, which corroborates the results of the capillary absorption test in which it was found that the cover of concrete presents a mean capillarity absorption lower than the interior region. Thus, it was concluded that the incorporation of the different mineral admixtures studied in this work significantly alter the properties of concrete, with positive emphasis on the properties related to the durability, in which the benefits of using mineral admixtures is more pronounced and, in addition, it was also concluded that the concrete cover presents itself more favorable to the durability than the interior region.Item Estudo da propriedade resistência superficial em revestimentos de argamassa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-20) ALVES, Amália Silva; CASCUDO, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; CARASEK, Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3023241186996790The lack of cohesion in mortar renderings corresponds to the loss of mechanical strength among theirs layers due to the weakening of particles bond, a fact which is reflected, among other events, by a low surface resistance of these renderings. Thus, poor surface strength of mortar renderings accelerates their degradation process, leading to a significant reduction in the level of their performance and leading to failures in the functions assigned to them. In this context, this basically experimental research aimed to study the property of surface strength in mortar renderings. So, was investigated the applicability of some test techniques, pendulum hammer, dynamometer traction and ultrasounds (by indirect method) to evaluate surface characteristics of the mortar renderings. In addition, were also evaluated the effects of moisture absorbed by the renderings, the influences of composition, air entrained content and application way in the surface strength of the mortar renderings. In this study, the experimental program was divided into two stages. In the first stage, were used: one mortar mixed (cement: lime: sand) and one industrial mortar (with air entrained content equal 20%) applied in one type of substrate (concrete surface - standard substrate ABCP) by compressed air projection, so that their produced coverings were tested under different conditions of moisture (oven-dry, dry environment, wet and saturated). In the second stage, were used: one mortar mixed (cement: lime: sand) and three industrial mortars (with air entrained content equal 20%, 30% and 40%) applied to the substrate standard in three ways (manually, by means fall box and by compressed air projection). Using statistical criteria, the main results have shown a significant effect of the four mentioned factors on the surface strength, in view of the testing techniques used. However, only showed no significant the effect of moisture in the hardness index.Item Uma nova metodologia de extrapolação dos dados da prova de carga dinâmica: MES-CASE(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) ALVES, éder Chaveiro; SALES, Maurício Martines; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033708685029423; VIANA, Paulo Márcio Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4545240150317474Since 1983, when the experiment of dynamic load has been plunged in Brazil, the execution of this kind of experiment has become a common practice in foundation sites on precast inserted piles. In many cases the experiment of dynamic load doesn t mobilize the ultimate strength of the tested pile; the causes of these events may be due to: the available equipment at the site isn t capable of obtaining enough kinetic energy to mobilize the ultimate strength; the structural element presents ruptures; the client desire of not mobilizing all the ultimate strength; among others. Knowing the necessity of determining the ultimate strength in order to adapt the construction to the security factors required by NBR 6122/1996, this essay pursuits developing a methodology of extrapolation of the curve of mobilized static resistance versus the maximum displacement obtained through the dynamic load proof (dynamic load experiment of crescent energy), applying the Simplified Method CASE, to inserted precast piles. Studying 21 (twenty-one) proofs of dynamic load (PDL), an extrapolation methodology has been developed entitled as Simplified Extrapolation Methodology of CASE Method (SEM-CASE). The methodology is based on the criteria of complementary energy, presented by Aoki in 1997. The results have demonstrated that the method SEM-CASE has presented itself as easy manipulation. The estimated values of ultimate complementary strength calculated by the SEM-CASE has presented pretty close to the measured values, existing only one pile which presented a value error bigger than 10%. The estimated values of ultimate pile strength, obtained by the SEM-CASE, showed themselves similar to the measured values, also having a value error inferior to 10%. The exponential function has obtained better results of adjustment coefficient (R2) related to the points of the curve of mobilized static resistance versus the maximum displacement measured in the dynamic load proof. Besides, applying model selection criteria was obtained that the exponential function is more efficient to estimate the curve of mobilized static resistance versus the maximum displacement than the hyperbolic and parabolic functions.Item Estudo do fosfogesso tratado termicamente e de suas misturas com solo tropical(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-31) Alves, Kárita Christina Soares Kanaiama; Rezende, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; Mascarenha, Marcia Maria dos Anjos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5184066802578105; Mascarenha, Marcia Maria dos Anjos; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Thomé, AntônioThe phosphogypsum is a by-product of process for producing phosphoric acid in the phosphate fertilizers industries and its most common chemical composition is the same as gypsum (calcium sulphate dehydrate). Due to the large amounts produced daily studies are needed to enable its use. As research results, the phosphogypsum is already used in paving, as raw material blocks and boards, in cement industries, in sulphur recovery and sulphuric acid production, and is passed unprocessed to the agricultural sector. In this context, the main objective of this work was the study of phosphogypsum subjected to heat treated (TT) in mixtures with tropical soil in order to enable and expand its use in geotechnical works. To that end, it made the thermal treatment of phosphogypsum, which promotes its dehydration. For definition of mixtures were carried out Atterberg limits, compaction and expansion tests in samples containing soil, phosphogypsum TT and cement. The choice was made so that if using the highest percentage of phosphogypsum TT, since the samples having greater or equal to 7 plasticity index and expansion less than 0.5%. From this mixture, four mixtures were defined with tropical soil, phosphogypsum TT or dihydrate (DH), with or without cement. Miniature compaction tests were carried out with wet curing times of 5min, 25min and 2h so check their influence on compaction parameters of mixtures. In the analysis of hydromechanical behaviour, were carried out expansion testing, mini-CBR, expansability, simple compression test, slaking test and permeability test. To complement the analysis, scanning electron microscopy images were made, as also energy dispersive spectroscopy and testing of X-ray diffraction. For the reactions of phosphogypsum TT in the presence of water, the study of its rehydration was conducted and analysed the implications in its hydromechanical behavior. From the results it was observed that occurs the formation of hemihydrate and anhydrous gypsum by thermal treatment, and the formation of hemihydrate occurs from 110°C. The dry unit weight of mixtures with phosphogypsum TT decreases with increase of wet cure time, which is related to the growth of gypsum crystals during the rehydration process. The hydro-mechanical behavior of the mixtures containing phosphogypsum TT is better than those with DH phosphogypsum, and although rehydration occurs, the resistance of these mixtures are still higher than for mixtures containing phosphogypsum DH not subject to saturation. The mixture of soil and phosphogypsum TT showed high resistance, even after being subjected to saturation, which suggests that the cement used is unnecessary.Item Avaliação das características de diferentes metacaulins e sua influência na estrutura interna do concreto e em propriedades ligadas à durabilidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-25) Alves, Rodrigo Teodoro; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Carasek, Helena; Ribeiro, Daniel VérasCementitious materials have been used since antiquity. The development of silica fume as a pozzolana has afforded significant improvements to concrete technology. Now, new high performance mineral admixtures have come to light, such as highly-reactive metakaolin. This material has presented great results, trough more than a decade, in researches made by the group of study of concrete durability of UFG. The fact of metakaolin concretes shows great performance towards durability and mechanical strength is controversial, once the silica content is about 55%, which, theoretically, would result in a smaller volume of C-S-H, from the pozzolanic reaction. However, as it is a very fine material, its physical effect in concrete seems to be more prominent, besides, the alumina that there is in metakaolin also produces interesting hydrated compounds. This way, the goal of the present work is to evaluate the changes in the microstructure of concrete using three types of metakaolin, manufactured by the same company. The main differences between than is their fineness. The specific surface area, measured by BET method, varied from about 8 000 m²/kg to 31 000 m²/kg. Moreover, one of them – the coarser one – differs from the other because it has a high chemical and mineralogical purity. In order to have a better understanding of the properties of the three types of metakaolin, a wide characterization of the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of this mineral admixtures were carried out. Concrete mixtures were than prepared for the purpose of knowing the influence of the characteristics of the metakaolins in the mechanical and durability related properties and microstructure of the concrete. Metakaolin concretes studied in this work showed significant improvement in mechanical strength, total porosity, pore refinement, electrical resistivity and non-steady state chloride migration. The evaluation of concrete microstructure shows that metakaolin promoted a densification of interfacial transition zone between the paste matrix and aggregate. Furthermore, there are indications suggesting that in metakaolin concrete can occur the formation of Friedel’s salt. Thus, it follows that the addition of the three different types of metakaolin had significantly changed the properties of concrete, with positive highlight for the properties associated to concrete durability, in which the benefits of the mineral admixtures were more pronounced.Item Análise dinâmica não-linear de uma membrana hiperelástica esférica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-05) Amaral, Pedro Felipe Tavares do; Silva, Frederico Martins Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929132527197884; Soares, Renata Machado; Soares, Renata Machado; Prado, Zenón José Guzmán Nunez del; Gavassoni Neto, ElvídioIn the present work, studies about the nonlinear static and dynamic behavior of a spherical membrane are presented. This membrane is composed by a hyperelastic, incompressible homogeneous and isotropic material, which is defined by either of the two distinct constitutive models: Mooney-Rivlin or the Neo-Hookean model. The equilibrium equations are obtained from the large-strain theory, by utilizing a variational formulation and by subjecting the membrane to an uniformly distributed internal radial pressure differential. From the nonlinear static analysis, internal membrane tensions and strains are obtained. From the dynamic analysis, the frequency-amplitude relation, the linear stability analysis, the time response, bifurcation diagrams, resonance curves and basins of attraction are obtained. As a first step, there is an analysis on a membrane composed by the same experimental material, which is described by the two different constitutive models presented in this work. It is observed that the dynamic responses are considerably distinct, due to the difference between the geometrical nonlinearities that each constitutive model insert on the equilibrium equation. The Neo-Hookean model has a lower pre-stretching limit, and its attraction basins are more eroded and irregular than the Mooney-Rivlin, that is still stable on regions of larger vibration amplitudes. Then, the influence of the Mooney-Rivlin parameter (α) is evaluated, and it is found that this parameter is the main source of the differences between the constitutive models, modifying the stability, nonlinear vibrations and also influencing on the loss or gain of the global rigidity of the membrane.Item Estudo do comportamento mecânico de microestruturas de materiais compósitos com matriz metálica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-07-28) Andrade, Paula Viana Queiroz; Pituba, José Júlio de Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6503462610408968; Martins, Carlos Humberto; Pituba, José Júlio de Cerqueira; Soares, Renata MachadoThis work deals with analysis of the microstructures composed of metal matrix composites (MMC) and its application in Structural Engineering. The main goal of this essay is considered the potentialities and limitations when using the modeling activity suggested. For this, it is intended to consider the dissipative processes of plastification, occurring in the matrix, and phase debonding, that occurs in the matrix/inclusion interface region, where the influence of such processes on the macroscopic response of the material will be investigated. Initially, the applicability of this material in the various Engineering areas is described. For the numerical simulations of the MMC structural behavior, the von Mises model is used in the modeling of the matrix and a cohesive fracture model is used in the simulation of the phase debonding process. Inclusion is considered elastic with great rigidity. However, the dissipative processes that occur in the microstructure and that affect the macro mechanical behavior of the material are analyzed through a microscale modeling using a homogenization process based on the concept of Representative Volume Element (RVE) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The strain and deformation are volumetric means of the respective microscopic fields on the EVR. The general objective is to verify through numerical analysis the potentialities and limitations of the use of the proposed modeling for future applications of metallic matrix composites in engineering, which shows a good representativeness of the mechanical behavior of the CMM.Item Avaliação das infraestruturas cicloviárias implantadas no corredor universitário em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-13) Antunes, Luiza Lemos; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Carasek, Helena; Paiva, Mariana deThe bicycle is a vehicle used extensively in Brazil and comes as a transport option to mitigate the impacts caused by the indiscriminate use of individual motorized transport. However, despite the use of bicycles in Brazil has a century of history, the lack of an effective cycling policy translates the main factor limiting the insertion of the bicycle as a mode of transport. The cycle planning must act comprehensively where all variables such as geometry, materials and execution should be considered jointly. Thus, this study aimed to conduct an analysis of the performance and the cycle system service conditions implanted in Goiania in conjunction the preferred range stretch of public transport, named Corredor Universitário. The study has also brought a survey of pathological problems and occurrence of nonconformities, associated with the project design stages, material specifications and implementation. Supported by requirements established for cycle planning and by technical standards, design aspects and used technologies were evaluated, such as materials and implementation process, in order to diagnose the system's deficiencies. To assess cycle pavement, in the absence of a specific methodology, we used an adapted method for evaluation and conceptualization of road pavements, by means of the calculation of Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Several flaws were identified in the implanted cycle system. Among the main ones are: the inadequacy of the signage of cycle paths, drainage problems, lighting of bike lanes way compromised by the lack of maintenance, damaged street furniture, lack of bike parking and severe paving problems. Several factors such as the absence of a paving design and the lack of a technological control of concrete influenced the pavement performance of cycle paths, which, with only 3 years of service, have exhibited numerous pathologies. Thus, the analyzed sections were characterized Good the Bad as concepts presented by the adopted method. Therefore, problems diagnosed in the cycle system of Corredor Universitário are due to a variety of factors, ranging from the stage of design planning and conception, as well as the deficiency or absence of the executive design and the low quality control of all execution process.Item Análise da interação solo-estrutura em edifícios sobre estacas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-29) ARAÚJO, Adrianne Carvalho de; SALES, Maurício Martines; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033708685029423; PRADO, Ademir Aparecido do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4118518363912053The joined structure-foundation analysis of buildings is one of the studied themes of Soil- Structure Interaction (SSI). In this research, a numerical tool was developed using the Matlab program to evaluate the soil-structure interaction in buildings, where the problem has been studied in the last years, but has not became a current practice in civil engineering. The developed program, here named as AIEFE, predict the settlement using the Aoki and Lopes (1975) method, using as input data the reaction loads of building columns, calculated in any subroutine of spatial-portico analysis. The commercial program TQS was chosen as this subroutine in the present research. The found foundation settlements were converted in stiffness values and, then, inputted again in the structural analysis, predicting new settlements, but no more considering the foundations as fixed points . The method is iterative, aiming to reach the settlement (or load) convergence. Two examples of buildings supported by piled foundations were analyzed. The first one presented an almost square plant and the other one was typically rectangular. The SSI effects were analyzed in terms of column loads and also stiffness and foundations settlements during the constructive process of the 15-levels studied cases. During the construction of the first building levels, it was observed a greater load and settlement redistribution, due the lower structural stiffness. Using the foundation stiffness instead of settlement values was considered as an efficient process of convergence. It was also observed that the non-linear foundation behavior had a great influence in the structure load redistribution, even on advanced construction stages when the structure stiffness has a great value.Item Análise do Desempenho de poços de infiltração na cidade de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-31) ARAUJO, Alexandre Garces de; SALES, Maurício Martines; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033708685029423; GITIRANA JUNIOR, Gilson de Farias Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4710728908810849This paper presents the performance study of infiltration pits. Two experimental fields were selected for evaluation of the pits, one studied by Carvalho (2008) and the other deployed in this work. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the sensitivity of the performance of the infiltration pit before the variability of soil properties. Three performance parameters were considered: time of infiltration 50%, 70% 85% the volume of water in the well. The variability of the properties was made with the use of possible values obtained by the coefficient of variation of each property evaluated. In the experimental field deployed in this study were collected undisturbed samples to perform laboratory tests such as characterization, consolidation test method, soil-water characteristic curve, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The SWCC showed the presence of macro structure and its format as bimodal. The saturated hydraulic conductivity showed that the soil behavior is governed by the macro structure, this resulted in hydraulic conductivity value close to the sandy. The hydraulic conductivity test was performed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul using the permeameter developed by Feuerharmel (2007). The function of hydraulic conductivity obtained was compared with Brooks & Corey (1964) prediction method showing good results to the first baseline of SWCC. An automated method was developed for monitoring the variation of the water column in the well during infiltration. The method was based on the use of pressure sensors and a data acquisition system, comparing this method with using a conventional tape measure showed good results. Numerical analysis showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity is the property that most influence on the performance of the structures of infiltration differences were not observed in the analysis considering different depth of groundwater level.Item Avaliação técnica dos resíduos gerados em ETA como substituto parcial de agregados em componentes cimentícios - PAVERS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-08-25) Araújo, Flávio de Carvalho; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Carasek , Helena; Albuquerque, AntônioThe present research proposes a technical evaluation for the use of the waste generated in the Water Treatment Plant, Eng. Rodolfo José Costa e Silva, located in the city of Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil, as a partial substitute for the fine aggregates of cementitious elements. The study conducted the analysis of the residues, from the material science point of view, through the physical and mineralogical characterization, as well as the investigation concerning the possibility of pozzolanic activity of the material. Therefore, the parameters found were compared based on specific literature and current normalizations, and the study evaluated the similarity between the residue characteristics and the traditional raw materials used in the production of cementitious materials, such as sand, clay, and limestone; in this context, an experiment was carried out with the application of WTP residues in a component used in construction: concrete floor (Paver). The results of the mechanical tests were statistically analyzed to see the influence of the residue, age and interaction between these variables in the results. It was found that the proportion of 5% of residue significantly improved the mechanical resistance of Pavers (33.5%) at 28 days in the control sample, but water absorption increased (68.8%). In this way, a sustainable alternative of insertion of the waste in the productive chain of the construction was sought, producing a cement element, and at the same time contributing to reduce the environmental impact caused by the release of the residues in the springs. Aiming at reducing the environmental liabilities of the water industry, as well as reducing the extraction of raw material for cement production.Item Construção de uma ferramenta numérica para análise de radiers estaqueados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-29) Bittencourt, Douglas Magalhães Albuquerque; Almeida, Sylvia Regina Mesquita de; Sales, Maurício Martines; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033708685029423; Sales, Maurício Martines; Gitirana Júnior, Gildo de Farias Neves; Danziger, Bernadete RagoniA growing demand for better-prepared projects of foundations and able to attend the high degree of structural complexity of the actions has been noted in recent years. However, the current geotechnical design philosophy shows itself outdated or unable to solve these needs, due to the fact that traditional methods of calculating piled foundations often ignore the performance of the block contact with the soil and neglect the influence of the stiffness and the interaction among the elements that makeup the foundation system. To increase the quality of the design of large pile groups, with or without associated columns, there is a need for a more rigorous treatment of the problem and, in order to achieve it, one may employ the concept of piled raft which allows an integrated analysis of the entire set responsible for the performance of the foundation: the raft, the piles and the soil. This approach has a complexity inherent of its formulation; therefore, its development is generally more successful employing numerical methods. In this context, this study aimed to develop a three-dimensional numerical tool in finite elements, using the programming language "C" for the study of piled raft foundations, which was called Ferramenta Numérica para Análise de Fundações (FENF). The program was fully developed during the research period and contrasts the commercial software available at present for outputting the results that are necessary for the project, such as stresses, strains, shear and normal efforts, displacements, and bending moments in the block and the piles etc. In addition, along with the program, a search algorithm was developed which is capable of identifying the best combination of the height and length of the block and cross section of piles that result in a viable solution with the lowest cost. In order to do so, the software employs the linear elastic constitutive model for materials and represents them through finite three-dimensional isoparametric elements with eight nodes and linear interpolation functions for the displacement fields. During its development and after it was complete, the numerical tool has been successfully validated by comparing its results with those of other programs also in finite element or with analytical solutions of the Linear Theory of Elasticity. Two examples of application of FENF have been presented with Exhaustive Search Ordered, in which: one block with 16 and another with 36 piles, allowing us to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and compare its results with those predicted by the simplified manual method. It’s been noticed that the integrated treatment of the foundation system, considering it as a piled raft, allows us to obtain a more economical and safer project.Item Comportamento hidráulico de um perfil de solo não saturado de Aparecida de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-04-30) BORGES, Camilla Rodrigues; VARGAS, Carlos Alberto Lauro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3816106720170772; GITIRANA JUNIOR, Gilson de Farias Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4710728908810849The hydraulic behavior of a tropical and unsaturated soil profile of Aparecida de Goiânia-GO is presented. The main objective of this research was to contribute to the understanding of hydraulic properties of a tropical soil, with special emphasis on the soil-water characteristic curves and its hysteresis. The research work done was divided into two main parts: physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization; and hydraulic behavior for the unsaturated condition. The characterization tests indicate that the soil profile studied is formed by two horizons. The top layer of 1,50 m comprised of transported material and a bottom layer comprised of young residual soil. The results of particle size analysis have shown that the various sample preparation conditions (i.e., with or without drying, chemical and physical disaggregation) produce different grain-size distribution curves. A varying state of disaggregation can be achieved, that state being dependent on the stability of the soil aggregates. A fairly good correspondence between conventional hydrometer and laser diffraction analysis was achieved, considering supposedly equivalent aggregation conditions. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) was measured for both the natural and the soil reconstituted by mud consolidation. The role played by the soil fabric on the hydraulic behavior of the soil was analyzed. The SWCC was obtained for drying, wetting, and mixed paths, both in terms of total and matric suction. It was determined that the natural and reconstituted soils have distinct SWCCs. The disaggregation achieved with the reconstituted soil results in higher air-entry values and a unimodal SWCC, even when the natural soil presents a bimodal SWCC. Therefore, the pore-size distribution if affected by the different soil structures. The procedure for wetting and drying soil samples used along with the filter paper technique resulted in a number of SWCCs showing absence of hysteresis. The study of the moisture content along the specimen s heights revealed non-homogeneous moisture content distributions, even after 14 day of equilibrium of water potential. It was concluded that it is the very existence of SWCC hysteresis, along with a not sufficiently slow wetting and drying from the specimen surface that results in a non-homogeneous moisture content.Item Instabilidade dinâmica de arcos tri-articulados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-09) Braga, Igor Cézar Silva; Prado, Zénon José Nuñez del; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7703344458057759; Prado, Zénon José Nuñez del; Soares, Renata Machado; Ávila, Suzana MoreiaArches are structural elements of curvilinear form transmitting normal efforts of simple compression and with wide applicability in civil engineering, being used in bridges, domes, soccer stadiums and so on. Therefore, studies that involve physical and geometric parameters to analyze the behavior of arches are necessary. This work aims to study the static and dynamic instability of tri-articulated discrete arcs, with axial and rotational rigidities the supports and under the action of a time dependent load. The arche is evaluated is a discrete and continuous system. The discrete system consists of three degrees of freedom that describe the vertical displacement and two horizontal displacements; the continuous system composed of two degrees of freedom, with an axial displacement and another in the direction radial. For the discrete system a parametric analysis was performed by varying the axial stiffness and rotational rigidities in the supports, besides the height of the arch, considering first the post-critical path study, with the influence of the parametric variation in the obtained results and the effect of the symmetry breaking in the instability by point limit or snap through, with the appearance of dynamic jumps. The natural frequency analysis is a function of the height/span ratio and the rigidities in the boundary conditions of the structures. The dynamic analysis was initiated through the instability boundaries, where it is observed how the displacements were established according to the parameters adopted, the obtained answers were proved by time responses, bifurcation diagrams and attraction basins, noting the influence of these factors in the dynamic behavior of the discrete arch. The analysis of the continuous system was established in the variation of the modified slenderness of the flexibility in the supports, observing the interference of the parameters in the post-critical path in general and in the load of the axial compression. With the asymmetry in the flexibility of the supports, the loops coming from the dynamic jumps arise.Item Avaliação ambiental de sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial em habitações de interesse social(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-08-24) Brandão, Verônica Ribeiro; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4775503A; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira; Barreto, Douglas; Campos, Marcus André SiqueiraDespite the constant technological advancement of humanity and the increased efficiency of production inputs, we can still face with situations of extreme poverty and need throughout the world. In Brazil the reality is not different, where we can identify a housing deficit of more than 5 million residences since 2007. In this way, public policies were created that aim to reduce this index. The present work seeks in this context, environmental solutions that can mitigate the impacts generated by these enterprises. Therefore, we suggest the application of Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWH) in social housing (SH) and the simplified Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) as a tool to be used in these issues. For the bibliographic review, was applied the methodology of Systematic Literature Review (SLR) as an instrument for the efficient search of bibliography. Through this search it was possible to verify the breadth of research that applied the LCA in RWH. The methodology proposed by Tavares (2006) and applied by Marinoski (2010) were adopted for the comparison between two scenarios of rainwater harvesting, an individual and a collective. In addition, two sets of inventory data were presented in this study. The first one comes from national data and the second from international data. The results were presented as 19 environmental indicators based on embedded energy (EE) and embedded carbon dioxide (EC) in the materials used in RWH and in the operation of the system. The indicators were used to make comparisons between the systems and it was verified that the collective scenarios are more environmentally friendly than the individual ones. This occurred because the operating EE and EC of the individual systems, presented values on average 4 times higher than those presented by the collective systems.Item Influência da cura térmica a vapor sob pressão atmosférica em características e propriedades de blocos de concreto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-04-30) Brito, Mário Henrique Gomes; Cascudo, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Carasek, Helena; Camarini, GladisThe overall objective of this research, which was essentially experimental, is to study the influence of the isothermal period and the maximum temperature of the thermal cure cycle steam under atmospheric pressure in the development of compressive strength of concrete blocks over time. The influences of two other types of curing are also being investigated; curing by enveloping with plastic sheet and open air curing, considered the last case scenario for reference. This study specifically aimed to further our understanding on how to; a) evaluate and quantify the importance of adopting procedures for curing the average resistance (Fbm) and characteristic (fbk) strength to compression of concrete blocks, comparing the processes of thermal curing and curing by enveloping plastic sheet to open air curing; b) evaluate statistically the aging effect of blocks over its compressive strength; c) evaluate the interaction effects of the variables "type of cure" and "age analysis" of the results of compressive strength of concrete blocks; and d) identify the main changes in the microstructure of the blocks subjected to a thermal curing process, especially observing eventual delayed ettringite formation in the internal structure of the material. To examine the influence of maximum curing temperature, two levels were adopted; 65°C and 85°C. As for analyzing the influence of isothermal period, three levels were adopted; 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours. The age analysis was evaluated in five levels; 1, 3, 7, 28 and 91 days. The results showed that the worst condition for curing, or curing type, was the open air curing (curing time approximately equal to 24 hours), which led to a lower overall average result of compressive strength of concrete blocks, proving the importance of adopting procedures of curing to optimize the mechanical performance of concrete blocks. Furthermore, it was also determined that the best curing conditions were the curing with enveloping plastic sheet (curing time approximately equal to 24 hours) and the thermal curing with steam under atmospheric pressure isotherm of 65°C and isothermal period of 3 hours (curing time approximately equals 8.5 hours), which were considered statistically equal. It was also observed that there was no significant influence of the curing in maximum temperature in relation to the compressive strength of the blocks. In the other hand, the isothermal period was very significant; the best condition was 3 hours, while 4 hours and 5 hours were considered statistically equal. Regarding the delayed ettringite formation, it was only verified for thermal curing conditions of isothermal of 85°C and isothermal period of 4 hours and 5 hours.Item Permeabilidade de sistemas compostos de resíduos de construção e demolição reciclados (RCD-R) e geotêxteis não tecidos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Britto, Alexandre Faria Seixo de; Almeida, Maria das Graças Gardoni; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9189503260218509; Santos, Eder Carlos Guedes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7017825980724888; Santos, Eder Carlos Guedes dos; Silva, João Paulo Souza; Viana, Paulo Márcio FernandesRecycling can help reduce environmental impacts, provides high quality construction materials and lower the cost of geotechnical works. Recently, studies have shown the feasibility of using these materials as backfill material in geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) structures. In this scenario, most of these studies focused on investigating the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of recycled construction and demolition waste (RCDW). However, the hydraulic properties of these recycled materials are also relevant information for the design of GRS structures, given that the filling material must be able to allow the drainage of the reinforced soil. In this context, the main objective of this work was to investigate the hydraulic properties of RCDW simulating field conditions (different levels of normal stress), as well as their association with non-woven geotextiles (GTNW). Bearing in mind the geotechnical approach, RCDW (gray sand and rubble dust) were tested following the standard procedures usually performed on soils. Samples of RCDW (gray sand and rubble dust) were collected in a recycling plant and a natural sand was used as a reference material. Constant head permeability tests were carried out on RCDW and natural sand, associated or not with GTNW polyester (PET) with different masses per unit area (200 and 300 g / m²), and under different normal stress levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 kPa) applied to the specimen top. Granulometric analysis was carried out on material exhumed from the specimens in order to investigate any changes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were also obtained in the exhumed GTNW to assess the occurrence of clogging. The geotechnical characterization showed that RCDW presents characteristics similar to those of granular soils and with low variability. It was observed that the application of normal stress to the specimens top reduced the permeability of the RCDW and natural sand, when associated or not with the GTNW, once the applied stress altered the voids of the materials and so hindered the flow of water. The permeability of RCDW and natural sand also reduced when just associated with GTNW without the application of normal stress. Laser granulometric analysis revealed different granulometry alterations in different points along the specimen height and among the researched materials. The images by SEM did not show evidence of the GTNW clogging. The results showed that RCDW presented physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties similar to those of granular materials, which allow the application of these recycled materials in several types of geotechnical works, with the advantage of being environmentally friendly filling materials.Item Impacto das variáveis de projeto nas características físicas do escoamento de esgoto em tubulações prediais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-29) Bucar Filho, Cláudio Lustosa; Vasco, Joel Roberto Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2787228916381075; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3212762899289587; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira; Reis, Ricardo Prado AbreuThe study of the fluid behavior in the sewage system of building systems is highly complex and difficult to predict. This is due to the characteristics of the problem, such as free surface runoff, high randomness in system flow rates and inhomogeneity characteristics of the liquid containing faeces, paper, food remnants, soap and others. Even though it is one of the major responsible for the large amount of post-work technical assistance in Brazil, this topic is not much studied. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of design variables on runoff behavior within sewage systems. For this purpose, experimental tests were performed in a residential building, and the analysis parameters were: the height at which the discharge is performed, the flow / volume of the discharges, the types of connections used in the plumb diversion and the sub-collector configurations. Thus, with the results of this research, it is possible to help in the understanding of decision making contributing to a better performance of buildings. As a result it can be observed that the higher the discharge height, the lower the transport speed of the media and the lower the height of the water slide within the network, thus the greater the chance of solids retention within it. In relation to the discharge flow, the higher the flow values the higher the transport speeds of the media. Connections installed on the network, both in the plumb diversion and the sub-manifold, have a considerable influence on media transport speeds and should be chosen to have the least possible impact. This study concludes that more research is needed to help renew the NBR 8160 standard with support for changes in sizing conditions and installation / execution options.