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Item Peso, idade e perfil bioquímico, hematológico e hormonal de novilhas Nelore à puberdade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-12) Abud, Lucas Jacomini; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; Saturnino, Helton Mattana; Lopes, Dyomar Toledo; Melo, Eduardo de Oliveira; Moura, Maria Ivete deThe age of puberty is a feature of great importance in beef cattle for it allows the anticipation of the reproductive activity of females and increases the productivity of the livestock sector. Anticipation of the puberty is possible due to the influence of environmental and genetic factors on this feature. The interaction of pubertal phisiology with these factors is not fully understood, hindering the application of managements for its reduction. To better understand the puberty physiology in heifers, we studied the involvement of the hormone leptin, leptin receptor gene and biochemical and hematological profiles in the occurrence of puberty. The study was conducted following 56 heifers raised on pasture during 17 months. Blood samples were collected at intervals of two months for biochemical characterization, hematological profiles, and to measure progesterone and leptin concentrations as well as the leptin receptor gene sequence. We observed a correlation between the occurrence of puberty and total protein, globulin, phosphorus, magnesium, alanine fosfatase (ALP), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), the number of red blood cells, hematocrit and platelets. In the present study it was not possible to define the role of biochemical and hematological components with the occurrence of puberty, thus more studies are necessary to better understand this relationship. A better understanding of the involvement of leptin in the pubertal phisiology more detailed study on leptin receptor gene, seeking a reliable molecular marker for sexual precocity, are also necessary.Item IDADE, PESO, MORFOMETRIA CORPORAL E PRENHEZ EM NOVILHAS NELORE DOS 16 AOS 32 MESES(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-22) Abud, Lucas Jacomini; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; SERENO, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209The objective of this study was to characterize the age, weight and body morphometric measurements of Nellore heifers reared in Cerrado biome. Fifty-six heifers were experimentally exposed with bulls for determining the onset of their reproductive life. Body weight, condition and measurements of the heifers were evaluated every 60 days between 16 and 32 months of age. The following body measurements were registered: withers height, rump height, body length, head length, rump length, ear length, distance between ribs, distance from dorsal spine to belly, distance from ground to belly, head width, rump width, width between ischiums, ear width, cannon bone perimeter, tail implantation perimeter and thoracic perimeter. The average age at the onset of their reproductive life and the mean body weight were 28,74±2,81 months and 333,83±39,13 kg, respectively. Significant difference were observed for the following measurements: withers height, rump height, body length, rump length, head width, rump width, width between ischiums, tail implantation perimeter, thoracic perimeter and body condition score. Higher morphometric measurement values were observed in pregnant animals. The age in which the animals achieved the onset of their reproductive life in this study was similar to the ones described for Zebu females in the literature. In this case, more studies on genetic improvement and management alternatives are needed to anticipate the onset of the heifers´ reproductive life. The body morphometric mensuraments were higher in the pregnant heifers, indicating that the morphometric records can be an important tool to identify precocious Nellore females. The objective of this study was to characterize the age, weight and body morphometric measurements of Nellore heifers reared in Cerrado biome. Fifty-six heifers were experimentally exposed with bulls for determining the onset of their reproductive life. Body weight, condition and measurements of the heifers were evaluated every 60 days between 16 and 32 months of age. The following body measurements were registered: withers height, rump height, body length, head length, rump length, ear length, distance between ribs, distance from dorsal spine to belly, distance from ground to belly, head width, rump width, width between ischiums, ear width, cannon bone perimeter, tail implantation perimeter and thoracic perimeter. The average age at the onset of their reproductive life and the mean body weight were 28,74±2,81 months and 333,83±39,13 kg, respectively. Significant difference were observed for the following measurements: withers height, rump height, body length, rump length, head width, rump width, width between ischiums, tail implantation perimeter, thoracic perimeter and body condition score. Higher morphometric measurement values were observed in pregnant animals. The age in which the animals achieved the onset of their reproductive life in this study was similar to the ones described for Zebu females in the literature. In this case, more studies on genetic improvement and management alternatives are needed to anticipate the onset of the heifers´ reproductive life. The body morphometric mensuraments were higher in the pregnant heifers, indicating that the morphometric records can be an important tool to identify precocious Nellore females.Item Ultrassonografia abdominal de tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) machos e fêmeas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-26) Albuquerque, Luíza Lucena de; Martins, Danieli Brolo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2159963349521553; Borges, Naida Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9181279951885005; Martins, Apostolo Ferreira; Simm, Rejane Guerra RibeiroThe giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a wild mammal of the superorder of Xenarthras, native to Central and South America, which is currently classified as vulnerable in the list of endangered species. A fact that can have as causes, from the territorial advance of the agricultural activities to the constructions of roads and fires. Scientific research is of great importance for the conservation of species included in this list and there is a dearth of data about the anteater. Among these information to be collected, there is little information about ultrasound examination in this species. The absence of a reference standard for performing and evaluating ultrasonographic examination for specific species may limit the application of this test and disrupt the establishment of an accurate diagnosis. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to establish a reference standard for the ultrasonographic evaluation of the abdomen of male and female giant anteaters. For this, 10 adult animals, five females and five males, clinically healthy, were used from the Fundação Jardim Zoológico de Brasília. The animals were anesthetized using the Foundation's own protocol, the animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position, and then a wide tricotomy of the abdomen was performed to allow abdominal scanning. The visible structures were established in the abdominal ultrasound examination of the anteaters, have also been established: topographic position, anatomical relationships, ecotexture and echogenicity of: urinary vesicle, uterus, testes, kidneys, spleen, liver, stomach and intestines. It has also been described the presence of alterations in some animals, such as: an animal with intrauterine fluid; an animal with hepatomegaly; an animal with splenomegaly; and thre animals with abdominal fluid. It has been verified that the abdominal ultrasound examination of anteater can be performed according to what is already recommended for dogs and cats and its evaluation and interpretation can be compared with the examinations of domestic mammals as well as descriptions already documented in other species of mammals Wild.Item Pesquisa de Salmonella sp. em aves criadas em sistema industrial e alternativo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-13) Alcântara, Juliana Bonifácio de; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Laboissière, Michele; Marchini, Cristiane Ferreira Prazeres; Silveira Neto, Osvaldo José da; Leandro, Nadja Susana MogycaSalmonella sp. might cause food deseases in humans and it be isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of different animal species, especially birds. In this study, we aimed to point out the main characteristics of non-conventional poultry farm systems at Central and South regions of the State of Goiás and to determine the frequency of Salmonella sp. Isolation in conventional and non-conventional poultry farms, as well as the frequency of positivity for antigen-antibody reaction at non-conventional poultry farms. On paper 1, we studied 190 non-conventional systems of broiler rearing; we collected 3,040 blood and organ samples (heart, liver, crop and cecum) from 760 birds. Rapid Plate Agglutination Test was used for the detection of anti-Salmonella sp. antibodies in blood serum, and conventional bacteriology and biochemistry tests were used for bacterium culture and isolation. Data on the characteristics of the properties were obtained through medical records. The poultry rearing systems were classified as semi-intensive (49.0%) and extensive (42.6%). In these breeding systems, 48.0% were of specific breed free-range chickens and 42.0% of rustic rustic free-range chickens; 74.2% of the farms had commercial purpose. The frequency of properties with chicken seropositive to the anti-Salmonella sp. antigen was 16.3%, and 12.0% of the samples. Salmonella was detected in 4.7% of the properties and the identified serotypes were Anatum, Infantis, Mbandaka, Schwarzengrund and Panama. For Paper 2, we studied 44 flocks of chickens from nine poultry slaughterhouses, three with over 51,000 birds slaughtered/day and six with up to 50,000 birds slaughtered/day. On the slaughter line 1,232 organ samples and feathers were harvested. A total of 21 feather samples and 21 samples of each organ (spleen, crop and cecum) was collected, both of them were analyzed by conventional bacteriology and biochemistry tests. The organ samples were processed in groups of three, in a total of seven samples of each organ. Of the 44 flocks of chickens, 22 were positive for Salmonella. The feathers presented a higher positivity frequency (12.3%). The spleen presented the highest frequently of isolates (8.1%). The frequency of positive samples in both crop and cecum was 3.8%. Among 88 Salmonella isolates, the serovars Schwarzengrund (29.5%), Agona (25.2%), Mbandaka (12.6%), Anantum (8.0%) and Infantis (3.4%) were predominant. In conclusion, the non-conventional designs are characterized as semi-intensive, and use improved lineage of chickens for commercial purposes. Regardless of the levels of contamination, Salmonella sp. is present in chickens from both conventional and non-conventional production systems. The pathogen was identified in greater numbers in chicken organs at conventional farm. In non-conventional breeding samples, Salmonella sp. isolation was low, but the number of seropositive chickens was higher. The serovars identified in samples of both conventional and non-conventional systems were similar, and some of relevance to public health.Item Desempenho produtivo e qualidade da carne de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) submetidas a dietas suplementadas com Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) na fase de terminação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-24) Almeida , Pabline Rafaella Mello Bueno de; Castiglioni , Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Paula, Fernanda Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9353071033895125; Lage, Moacir Evandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2053334263459111; Lage , Moacir Evandro; Pádua, Delma Machado Cantisani; Floriano, Luciane Sperandio; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Bueno, Cláudia PeixotoIt was intended to measure the productive performance, economic viability and the quality of the fillets of Nile tilapia supplemented with different levels of Arthrospira platensis in grow-out phase. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with split-plots in time (slaughter after 30 and 60 days of suplementation), composed for four treatments (T1: 0%; T2: 1%; T3: 3% e T4: 5% de A. platensis) and four repetitions. Were used 480 tilapia (461.39 g), distributed in 16 boxes. The production performance was evaluated through of survival rate (SR), final weight (FW), biomass (BMf), individual weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), apparent feed conversion (AFC), gutted fish yield (GFY) and the fillet yield (FY) and the biometric hepatosomatic indexes (HI) and the fat viscerosomatic indexes (FVI). The economic viability was verified for partial operating costs (POC), gross revenue (GR), net partial revenue (NPR) and costs incidence (CI). The quality of fillets was verified for centesimal composition, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), shear force, pH, color, fatty acid profile, cholesterol concentration, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups of the proteins. The data were analyzed for the time effect of supply of diets by analysis of variance, followed by the comparison of averages by Tukey and the others inclusion levels of A. platensis by regression to 5% probability. The FW, WG, BMf, SR, FI, AFC, FY, FVI, moisture, lipids and ashes content, WHC, CL, shear force, lightness, ratio n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA, atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes, lipid and protein oxidation parameters showed no difference between the supplementation times. The cultivation for 60 days resulted in an elevation of GFY of T1 and muscle protein content of T2, and the reduction of HI of all treatments, pH of T1, a* of T4, b* of T3 and T4, SFA and MUFA of T1 and T2 and cholesterol of T3 fillets. The inclusion of microalgae levels were significant at 60 days for FY, a* and PUFA/SFA, at 30 days for moisture content, CL and trans fatty acids and both periods for POC, CI, NPR and TBARS. The concentrations of n-3 fatty acids were low and the ratios n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA of the fillets were similar to those of T1. Although the Arthrospira has characteristics that provide some growth improvement of the animals and the muscular lipid profile and antioxidant action on the lipid and protein fraction of the fillets, generally, these effects were not significant in the productive performance and in the physical-chemical quality and nutritional value of tilapia meats. Many of the parameters evaluated for cyanobacteria treatments were similar to those obtained in the control treatment. In addition, the supplementation of the feed step up too much the expenses of production. Thus, Arthrospira platensis is still an expensive ingredient and the relation costbenefit was low, its inclusion in levels of 1 to 5% in the Nile tilapia feed at the end stage is not advantageous for the activity.Item Efeito da temperatura e do tempo de armazenamento de amostras de leite cru nos resultados das análises eletrônicas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-21) Almeida , Thamara Venâncio de; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Oliveira, Antonio Nonato de; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; Silva, Marcos Antônio Pereira da; Arnhold, EmmanuelFor assessing compliance with the quality requirements established by the Normative Instruction No. 62, a milk sample each property or community tank should be analyzed on a monthly basis by one of the laboratories accredited by the Brazilian Laboratories Network for Milk Quality Control . There are still doubts about what would be the maximum temperature and the time of milk sample storage without jeopardizing the results of the electronic analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature and storage time of cooled samples of raw milk on the results of milk quality electronic analysis. Refrigerated raw milk samples were collected from expansion tanks for individual use of farms located in the middle region of the state of Goiás, and stored at four different temperatures (3 °C, 11 °C, 17 °C and 25 °C) for 16 days. Total bacterial count (TBC), somatic cell count (SCC) and chemical composition were performed daily. The results were submitted to analysis of variance in split plot design in randomized blocks, and the means were compared by Duncan test. We concluded that, when azidiol is added as preservative to samples for TBC, they can be analyzed up to 16 days after collection when stored at temperatures of 3 °C and 11 °C, and up to 10 days when stored at 17 °C. Moreover, when bronopol is added as preservative, samples for SCC and chemical composition analysis can be stored for up to 16 days after collection when stored at temperatures of 3 °C and 11 °C, and for up to seven days when stored at 17 °C.Item Tipagem molecular, detecção de genes de virulência e determinação do potencial patogênico de isolados de Escherichia coli de patos (Cairina moschata), perus (Meleagris gallopavo), galinhas (Gallus gallus)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-28) Almeida, Ana Maria de Souza; Rezende, Cintia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Cervi, Renato Clini; Nunes, Iolanda Aparecida; Porto, Regiane Nascimento GagnoThe general objective of this work is to evaluate the phylogenetics and to detect virulence genes from Escherichia coli isolates from different bird species, as well as to investigate their pathogenic potential in fertile broiler eggs. In the present study three experiments were carried out to analyze, in different aspects, E. coli isolates from different bird species. In experiment 1, E. coli isolated from ducks and turkeys were inoculated into broiler chicks one day to evaluate the pathogenicity of the strains. Fifty isolates of E. coli originating from ducks and 50 isolates from turkeys were tested for the genes iss, iucD, papC and tsh, all commonly found in APEC. Of the 100 isolates of E.coli analyzed, 42% (42/100) detected one or more genes and only 14.2% (6/42) had the four genes studied. After PCR, the positive strains were selected for the four genes common to APEC. Three isolates from ducks and three turkeys were purified separately and six inoculants were inoculated at 107 CFU / mL and inoculated via air sac in one - day - old chicks to evaluate the pathogenicity of these six positive isolates for the four genes. The chicks were evaluated twice a day for ten days in relation to mortality rate, clinical signs and macroscopic findings. The challenged chicks presented respiratory signs (sneezing, nasal discharge and rales) and macroscopic lesions such as aerossaculitis, persistence of the yolk sac, pericarditis and exudate in the nasal sinuses. In view of the results, it is concluded that E.coli originating from both ducks and turkeys are potentially pathogenic for day-old challenged cuttlefish chicks. In the experiment 2, embryos of broiler chickens were challenged with E. coli isolates positive for the iss, tsh, papC and iucD genes from hen, broiler, duck and turkey to analyze the pathological and hematological conditions , besides the performance of broiler chickens kept up to 42 days of age. Embryos with 18 days of incubation were challenged, via air chamber, with 0.1 mL of four different inoculants, according to the treatment, (T2 - E.coli of hen chicken, T3 - E.coli of broiler, T4 - E.coli of duck and T5 - E. coli of turkey) with concentration of 107 CFU / mL and with sterile saline solution (T1 - control group). Embryonic and post - hatch mortality rates, clinical signs, hematological alterations, interference of zootechnical performance and macroscopic findings during the incubation period and rearing up to 42 days of life were evaluated. At 14, 28 and 42 days, one bird from each of the four replicates of the five treatments. Regardless of the species of origin, E.coli isolates were not able to cause significant mortality in embryos challenged at 18 days of incubation. At birth and up to 42 days of age, broiler chickens developed respiratory disease, worsened zootechnical performance and there were no significant haematological changes. In the experiment 3, 33 E. coli isolates from ducks, turkeys, chickens and pigeons were evaluated by PFGE and antimicrobial susceptibility test to characterize their respective phylogenetic profiles and susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used in poultry farming. E. coli originated from ducks, turkeys, chickens and pigeons grouped into a group with 41.1% similarity. Resistance to different antimicrobials tested (ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, neomycin, sulfametazole, sulfonamide, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and chloranfericol) was observed among the 33 isolates of E. coli, mainly tetracyclines, followed by fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. It is concluded that E.coli originating from birds have different profiles and behaviors.Item Detecção de genes de virulência e suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos de escherichia coli isoladas de ovos de pata (cairina moschata)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-08-07) Almeida, Ana Maria de Souza; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Barbosa, Silvia Minharro; Café, Marcos BarcellosDuck is the most important species of waterfowl reared in Brazil, however, there are no studies about the risk of duck eggs in the food chain. The main objective of this study was to outline the main characteristics of waterfowl farms, integrating the risk factors associated with E. coli infection in birds and humans, verify the presence of E.coli in 38 and 25 dozen of duck eggs from markets and subsistence farms in Federal District and Goiás State, determining the pathogenic profile and the antimicrobial resistance profile. Each dozen eggs accounted for three samples: a sample pool of eggshell, pool of albumen and a pool of yolk, totaling samples.The information obtained by questionnaires applied during the visit to the farms revealed no vaccination program, or supply of balanced feed for ducks were employed. Duck were reared with chicken and the contact between the animals occurred since incubation. Through bacteriology, we isolated and identified E.coli in 17.10% (97/567) of samples of duck eggs. In PCR for the detection of the virulence genes papC, tsh, and eae and of the resistance gene iss, of 97 positives samples to E. coli, 35 samples were positive for virulence genes, 31.8% (14/44) came from farms and 39.6% (21/53) from markets. The search of genes in E.coli isolates revealed 15.4% positive to papaC, (15/97) , 21.6% (21/97) positive to tsh, 17.5% (17/97) positive to iss, and 2% (2/97) positive to eae .It conclusion, there are pathogenic strains for both birds and humans, circulating in anseriformes eggs. The investigation of antimicrobial resistance combined with the research of virulence and resistance genes in E. coli isolates obtained from eggs of ducks is an important tool to determine the risk these birds may bring to both poultry health and of public health.Item Isolamento De Staphylococcus Spp. Multirresistentes Da Pele De Cães Saudáveis E Com Piodermite(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-01) ALMEIDA, Greyciele Rodrigues de; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; DAMASCENO, Adilson Donizeti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3900110295277130; SILVA, Olízio Claudino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7787082855013504Item Prospecção e caracterização de peptídeos recombinantes miméticos a antígenos totais de herpesvírus bovino 1 por meio de phage display(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-24) Almeida, Greyciele Rodrigues de; Brito, Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen de; Bataus, Luiz Artur Mendes; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785339A7; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4700389E3; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; Fiaccadori, Fabiola Souza; Kipnis, André; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; Oliveira, Cairo Henrique Sousa deMember of the Herpesviridae family, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, gender Varicellovirus, the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) has been associated with different clinical conditions (respiratory and genital/reproductive diseases) in cattle. There is no standard procedure to control or prevent infections caused by herpesviruses. In this sense, phage display was used to select new glycoprotein mimotopes antigen of BoHV-1 that has potential for use in vaccines and diagnostics. The phage display technique was performed using a linear random peptide library consisting of 12 amino acid residues fused to the protein III of M13 phage (no peptide) against BoHV-1 specific IgGs, purified by affinity chromatography. After three cycles of selection (biopanning) and amplification, 44 clones were isolated and their amino acid sequences were determined by sequencing generating 16 different sequences. ELISA, demonstrating the efficiency of selection from the specific antibodies, confirmed the reactivity of pooled clones. Another ELISA evaluated the individual specificity of the most frequent clones, the M13 phage was used as a negative control. We selected three peptides (B, C and E) with affinity for anti-BoHV-1 antibodies, and the E peptide (pepE), showed to have potential as antigen for antibody detection in a serological test for BoHV-1. Immunization of rabbits with the peptides induced specific production of serum antibodies, but they were not able do neutralize BoHV-1 cell lysis. The in silico analysis of the dodecapeptide E (1DRALYGPTVIDH12) enabled the identification of a new discontinuous epitope on the envelope glycoprotein B (gB Env) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1). There is a short motif (338YKRD341) within a region of the env gB BoHV-1 with high similarity to motifs shared by dodecapeptide the N-terminal region (5YxARD1) of gB and HSV-1 (326YARD329), wherein the 328Arg residue is described as a target for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for HSV-1 gB. Besides the characterization of an antibody-binding site of the BoHV-1 Env gB, we have demonstrated that the phage-fused peptide has potential use as a reagent for virus diagnosis by phage-ELISA assay, discriminating BoHV-1 positive serum samples from negative ones.Item Fatores de risco para mastite bovina e avaliação fenotípica de resistência antimicrobiana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Almeida, Thamara Venâncio de; Cordeiro, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5073363015303780; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; Alves, Fernanda Antunha de Freitas; Souza, Fernando Nogueira de; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Silva, Marco Antônio Pereira daBovine mastitis is the most common disease that causes the most economic losses in dairy herds around the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in the State of Goiás, to identify the gram-positive microorganisms that cause mastitis, as well as their antimicrobial resistance. Milk samples were collected from 1,034 lactating cows from 27 dairy farms located in the State of Goiás and analyzes of somatic cell count (SCC), bacterial examination and antimicrobial sensitivity test were performed. A checklist was applied to each participating property to obtain data on the animals, the properties and the hygienic and sanitary management of the herds. Risk factors for mastitis were assessed using a mixed generalized linear model. Of the 27 properties, 11 (40.74%) had SCC of the tank above 500,000 cells/mL, therefore above the maximum limit established by Brazilian legislation. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in herds (SCC> 200,000 cells / mL) was 54.93%. The main risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows were old age, pendulous udder and advanced lactation stage. 216 microorganisms were identified, gram-positive cocci. Staphylococcus spp. (53.10%), particularly S. aureus (30.09%), stood out as one of the most common agents involved in the etiology of bovine subclinical mastitis, followed by Streptococcus spp. (22.12%) and Enterococcus sp. (16.81%). The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance were Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin (76%) and ampicillin (74%), Streptococcus spp. to neomycin (65.08%), gentamicin (46.03) and tetracycline (43.66%) and Enterococcus spp. tetracycline (52.38%). Isolates of Streptococcus spp. multiresistant (18.06%).Item Desempenho, comportamento e composição corporal de touros da raça nelore classificados pelo consumo alimentar residual(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-24) Almeida, Thiago Santos; Franco, Gumercindo Loriano; Hellmeister Filho, Paulo; Padua, João TeodoroThe residual feed intake is a measure of feed efficiency that is independent of weight gain and adult weight. With this you can select efficient animals without compromising the size at maturity of the animals. Faced with the need to understand the factors that influence the variability in efficiency of feed utilization by cattle, aimed to evaluate the performance, behavior and estimated body composition of Bos Indicus . Hundred and nineteen Nellore with a mean age of 18 months (±36 days) and average weight of 392 kg (±47kg) for the classification of animals of high, medium and low feed efficiency were used . The experimental design was completely randomized and the criterion for classification of animals for residual feed intake (RFI) used was 0,5 standard deviations above or below the average, which showed a percentage of 32 % of the total for better efficiency (low RFI), 43,7 % average and 24,3 % showed low efficiency (high RFI). The animals were housed in individual pens for 83 days provided with feed trough and drinking fountain. The supplied diet contained 68,4 % total digestible nutrients (TDN) and 11,3 % crude protein (CP) in a ratio of 62,6 % concentrate and 37,4 % forage. The consumption ratio and the predicted dry matter intake observed showed a coefficient of determination of 0,5462. Metabolic mean body weight of the animals, the average daily gain, initial body weight, final and metabolizable energy intake showed no significant association with residual feed intake (P>0,05). Significant correlations between the CAR and dry matter intake (DMI) (r= 0,57), feed conversion (FC) (r=-0,38) and feed efficiency (EA) (r=0,42) were found. The less efficient animals that were older than those with the highest efficiency (P<0,05). As for the ultrasound measurements (loin eye area, fat thickness and rump fat thickness) and also for body composition (muscle tissue, fat and bone) there was no significant difference (P<0,05) between the classes CAR. The first evaluation of escape velocity (V1) showed a significant difference (P< 0,05) between classes of CAR, as well as the time lying ruminating (P<0,05). Selected for low RFI animals have better efficiency in the use of food without compromising body composition, and present more docile animals at the end of the study.Item Perfil bioquímico sérico e do fluido folicular e qualidade ovocitária em vacas leiteiras durante o pós-parto no verão e inverno(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-01-24) Alves, Bênner Geraldo; Filho, Benedito Dias de Oliveira; Jacomini, José Octavio; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; Lopes, Dyomar Toledo; Santos, Klayto José Gonçalves dos; Viu, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; Dias Filho, Francisco de CarvalhoConsiderável número de publicações têm reportado o declínio da eficiência reprodutiva em vacas leiteiras e existem evidências de associação entre alta produção de leite com distúrbios reprodutivos, predisposição para o balanço energético negativo (BEN) e qualidade inferior do ovócito. Outro fator que contribui para a baixa fertilidade é o estresse térmico (ET), que associado à elevada produção de calor metabólico, torna a vaca lactante mais susceptível aos seus efeitos. No Brasil, a raça Girolando evoluiu zootecnicamente nas últimas décadas e sua maior capacidade de adaptação às condições ambientais, tem se mostrado uma alternativa interessante para a produção de leite nos trópicos. No entanto, até o momento nenhum estudo abordou os efeitos do BEN e do ET sobre o perfil metabólico e do fluido folicular de folículos dominantes, a dinâmica folicular e a qualidade dos ovócitos durante a lactação em diferentes estações do ano, logo o entendimento destes parâmetros torna-se de fundamental importância para avaliação do potencial produtivo da raça. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que os desafios BEN e ET no início da lactação diminuem o escore de condição corporal e alteram as concentrações séricas e foliculares de diversos metabólitos, indicando que tais mudanças são refletidas no ambiente folicular de folículos dominantes podendo comprometer a qualidade do ovócito e das células da granulosa. Além disso, os dados revelam que variáveis clínicas e meteorológicas podem influenciar a foliculogênese, a dominância folicular e a qualidade ovocitária. Dessa forma, esses resultados são importantes para o entendimento da patogênese da subfertilidade que acomete bovinos leiteiros durante o pós-parto e sob condições ambientais desfavoráveis.Item Programa de biossegurança em laboratório oficial de análise e diagnóstico veterinário de Goiânia, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-06-27) Alves, Cláudia Bueno; Jayme , Valéria de Sá; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; Silva, Olízio Claudino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7787082855013504; Silva, Olízio Claudino da; Coelho, Karine Oliveira; Melo, Camila Silveira; Marra, Kelly NobreBiosafety can be defined as the actions taken to prevent, reduce or eliminate risks inherent in activities that could endanger human health and the environment. Especially on veterinary environments, there is not much information on the subject. Moreover, the habit of neglecting the adoption of containment measures is not uncommon, which can exacerbate the potential hazards present. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the types of risks present in each section of the laboratory, prepare risk maps with graphical representations of intensity and types of risks, disclose these maps to workers as well as to recognize the types of waste generated in the laboratory and the management adopted to the wastes to elaborate and implement a Waste Management Plan. The study was conducted at an official laboratory for veterinary diagnosis from October, 2013 to March, 2014. In this research, a check list was conducted based on the current legislation on good laboratory practices, risk mapping and waste management. The results showed that all risks and degrees of intensity were present in the laboratory with predominance of biological risk, which had severe intensity in most departments. On the other hand, chemical risk was the least frequent, although it showed the highest coefficient of variation. Regarding intensity, the highest and the lowest amount of riskwere observed in the departments of microbiological diagnosis and equine infectious anemia, respectively. As for waste management, failures were observed in all stages, especially segregation, internal transportation, handling and temporary storage, despite the generation of all types of RSS, but radioactive waste. The risk assessment in the laboratory facilities contributed to the preparation of risk maps in each sector, representing the potential hazards identified and containment measures recommended. Furthermore, a waste management plan was developed and implemented, seeking correction of nonconformities observed and, consequently, minimizing workers exposure to hazards present in the laboratory. With this study, it was possible to evidence that the physical structure as well as material and human resources influence directly the success of a biosafety plan. Thus, it is essential the adoption of a continuing education program to maintain the adherence to preventive measures indicated to minimize risks in the laboratory studied.Item Produção e manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde gerados em hospital veterinário(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-12) ALVES, Cláudia Bueno; TIPPLE, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4288704233343920; JAYME, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; SILVA, Olízio Claudino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7787082855013504Usual practices in health stablishments, both human and animal, produce a considerable quantity of residues that potentially represents risks to health of the internal community and the population. These wastes demand special management, with or without treatment prior to the final destination. Consequently, the processing constitutes a vital topic to occupational safety of the employees who handling them, such as to the public health and environment. Thus, this study aimed to analyze aspects of the control of residues produced at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás (HV/UFG). The waste was classified in four groups (GA, GB, GD and GE) accordling to its nature: infectious, chemical, common and drill-sharp, respectively. The evaluation of the residues management was performed using a checklist prepared in accordance with actual legislation and after its validation and application in all sectors of the HV/UFG. The qualifying and quantifying were made through the inspection and weighing of these products. The study was carried out from may 04 to July 17, 2009. As results, it was observed that the management adopted in HV/UFG wasn t fully in accordance with the sanitary regime. Among the critical points observed, it can be outstand the inappropriate separation, identification and storage of the health services waste, poor training of the professionals involved, as well as, insufficient structural conditions. From the previously waste conditioned as GA, it was observed that only 28,5% were appropriately classified as GA. The rest, 2% was GB, 0.5% was GE and 69% was GD. It can be concluded that if the segregation was performed properly in accordance of sanitary legislation, could occur a reduction up to 71% of the contaminated residues. This result can be considered relevant because it implicate in considerable reduction in costs for the treatment of the health services waste, just as in the prevention of infectious diseases and occupational accidents during the handling of these residues.Item Avaliação da densidade folicular e de estratégias para otimizar a obtenção de folículos pré-antrais equinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-12-17) Alves, Kele Amaral; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; Jacomini, José Octavio; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; Gastal, Eduardo Leite; Oña, Cely Marini Melo e; Oliveira, Rodrigo Arruda de; Porto, Regiani Nascimento GagnoStudies with equine preantral follicles are scarce and the follicular dynamics features remain unclear. The mare’s ovarian function (e.g., folliculogenesis) has similarities with woman’s cycle and based on these aspects, this species can be considered an animal model for comparative studies and techniques with preantral follicles to preserve female fertility. The purpose of the first project was to determine methodologies that might speed up the process of histological evaluation of preantral follicle population. On the second project, we evaluated the follicular population features considering the follicular density factor by means of a mathematical model, to determine the appropriate experimental design to estimate the follicular density in ovarian fragments. The third project, analyzed the effects of reproductive phases, ovary, and ovarian structures on the quality, classification, follicular and cellular densities in ovarian fragments. The results allowed an establishment of the best thickness of histological sections and the ideal number of fragments and sections to estimate the equine preantral follicle density. Furthermore, it was observed a low follicular density associated with a high heterogeneity within and among animals. Moreover, we demonstrated the best scenario (diestrous phase with the presence of a functional corpus luteum) to collect ovarian fragments with higher follicular and cellular densities. In summary, this study demonstrated: (i) advance on the knowledge of equine follicular dynamic on the preantral phase; (ii) the concept of the mare as an animal model to study the reproductive challenges on woman; and (iii) provided basic information for future biotechnology research with the aim to preserve or improve the reproductive capability as cryopreservation, in vitro culture, and transplants of ovarian tissue.Item Estratégias nutricionais para novilhos mestiços de origem leiteira para produção de carne(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-05-23) Alves, Verônica Auxiliadora; Padua, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375; Padua, Teodoro Padua; Silva, Rodrigo Medeiros da; Oliveira Júnior, Reinaldo Cunha de; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Lima, Milton Luiz MoreiraThe objective of this study was to evaluate strategies for the use of these animals for meat production. The influence of concentrate levels in the finishing diet on the productive performance and the carcass characteristics of crossbred dairy cattle, growing on pasture with two levels of energetic supplementation was evaluated. 39 non-castrated, crossbred dairy steers were used. The behavior of these animals during the confinement was also evaluated. The growing was conducted on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu under two supplementation strategies based on milled corn grain and mineral supplement until the dry season of the year. The animals showed at the beginning of the trial confinement, age and average body weight of 23 months and 417.7 ± 5.7 kg, respectively. The treatments were randomized amongst the animals: 0.7% supplementation in growing and 60 % of concentrate in the confinement diet; 0.7% supplementation in growing and 90 % of concentrate in the confinement diet; 1.2% supplementation in growing and 60 % of concentrate in the confinement diet; and 1.2% supplementation in growing and 90 % of concentrate in the confinement diet. Statistical analyzes were conducted according to a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement through the computer program SAS (1997). Supplementation with 1.2% of body weight during growth results in a higher initial weight at the beginning of the confinement and improves the quantitative carcass characteristics of crossbred dairy steers. The supplementation with 0.7% of body weight may result in compensatory gains during finishing, resulting in increased average daily gain of crossbred dairy steers. Qualitative characteristics of meat from crossbred dairy steers are not influenced by levels of 60% or 90% of concentrate at finishing, when the slaughter weight is predetermined. Nutritional strategies do not influence the profile of longissimus dorsi fatty acids from crossbred dairy steers finished in confinement. The inclusion of higher levels of concentrate in the diet decreases the time that animals intend for food consumption and ruminating and increases the resting time. These alterations in the ingestive behavior, however, are not sufficient to interfere in the food consumption.Item Desempenho a pasto de novilhos mestiços de origem leiteira suplementados com níveis energéticos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) Alves, Verônica Auxiliadora; Padua, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375The objective of this trial was to evaluate the productive and economic performance of dairy crossbred steers, reared on Brachiaria Brizantha pasture that received two levels of energetic supplementation during wet/dry transition and four levels during dry/wet transition seasons. During the wet season, forty-eight milk crossbred steers (Holstein x Zebu), with initial average weight of 123 kg and average age of 10 months were used. The treatments consisted of two levels of energy supplementation, 1% of BW, considered high, and 0.5% of BW, considered medium. During dry season, fortyfour fourteen-month-old milk crossbred steers (Holstein x Zebu) were used. The treatments consisted of two high levels of concentrate (1.6% and 1% of BW) and two medium levels of concentrate (0.8% and 0.5% of BW). The supplementation was composed of ground corn and mineral mixture, with urea addition during dry season. A completely randomized experimental design was used. The means were compared by F test at 5% probability in the first experiment and by Tukey test in the second one. The data were analyzed by SAS (1997). The average daily weight gain and final weight were similar between treatments in wet/dry transition. The thoracic measurement indicates a good ponderal development. Energetic supplementation of crossbred milk steers was economically viable, and the medium level (0.5% of BW) presented higher profitability than the high level (1% of BW). In dry season, the energy supplementation improved daily weight gain and the body measures of growing milk crossbred steers reared on pasture. Body length and scrotal perimeter indicated better body development. Milk crossbred steers supplemented on pasture with energy levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.6% should be commercialized for the price of live animal. And, in this case, the lowest level of supplementation (0.5% of BW) should be used for better profitability.Item Perfilhamento e valor nutritivo de pastagens de capins marandu e xaraés[BRACHIARIA BRIZANTHA (HOSCHST EX A. RICH.) STAPF.] sob manejo intermitente e doses de nitrogênio e potássio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-05) AMARAL, Alliny das Graças; CARNEVALLI, Roberta Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6658650497110299; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327The pastures are formed by a population of plants and each plant is formed by basic units called tillers. Management practices allow the knowledge of the processes of tillering. The nutritional value of pasture is determined by chemical composition of the plant and its digestibility may be affected by nutrient supply, the station year and the grazing management. An experiment was conducted at Embrapa Rice and Beans-Midwest Center for Dairy Research, in order to evaluate the tillering and nutritive value of grasses and Marandu Xaraés fertilized with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg / ha / year), from December 2007 to May 2008. The experiment was complete block design with three replications. Data Tiller were grouped in four seasons during the trial period for the variable tiller density (DPP) and three times for other variables (TAP, TSP, and TMP IEP). The evaluation of tillering was held in an area demarcated by tillers known. From the initial population, each grazing were identified new populations of tillers, marked with different colored wires. For the value data nutrition were evaluated in the dry season and water. The collection of samples was performed by simulated grazing were analyzed and the CP, NDF, ADF, lignin and IVDMD. In the review of DPP, there were dose effect (P = 0.0510) and age (P <0.0001), and after the grazing periods, the DPP is stabilized. No differences were found between seasons for the rate of tillers (TAP) to treat 300 kg of N and K / ha / year. In rainy season, the mortality rate of tillers (TMP) were lower the dose of 300 kg N and K / ha / year. The survival rate of tillers (TSP) was higher in water at a dose of 300 kg N and K / ha / year and 200 kg of N and K / ha / year, not different from the other doses. The stability index of tillers (IEP) remained above 1.0 in all treatments and times. For capimxaraés, the linear increase in fertilizer levels stimulated tillering with the increase in DPP to 300 kg of N and K / ha / year. Waters, the dose of 100 kg of N and K / ha / year showed higher TAP. The other doses and times not differed. In the waters between 0 and 100 kg of N and K / ha / year yielded the highest TMP. However, the dose of 100 kg of N and K / ha / year did not vary from 200 kg N and K / ha / year, with intermediate values. At a dose of 300 kg of N and K / ha / year were observed the lowest TMP. It was observed that the pastures fertilized 300 kg of N and K / ha / year had the highest TSP in relation to too, for the waters. The highest values were found in the TSP dry seasons. The stability index of tillers (IEP) remained above 1.0 in all treatments and times. At a dose of 300 kg of N and K / ha / year was observed the highest TSP during the rainy season, although the highest values have been in the dry season. The NDF, ADF and lignin were not influenced by fertilization, but the ADF (33.40 and 31.20% respectively) and lignin (3.93% and 2.97, respectively) were higher in the rainy season. The average CP of pastures were not affected by fertilization, except for CP content pastures fertilized with 200 kg N and K / ha / year was higher (P = 0.0353) during the rainy season. The concentration of NDF pastures fertilized with N were 7.7 and 7.1% lower (P = 0.0368) than Unfertilized, in times of rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The levels Average ADF were not affected by fertilization, but the average content FDA pastures in the rainy season was lower (P = 0.0933) than during the drought. The average content of lignin pastures fertilized with 200 kg of N and K / ha / year was higher (P = 0.0547) than in pastures fertilized with 100 N and K / ha / year (2.27 and 3.86% respectively). The average IVDMD of pasture was higher Unfertilized (P = 0.0476) than that of pastures fertilized with 200 kg of N and K / ha / year, and in rainy season, the IVDMD of pasture was not fertilized greater than that of fertilized pastures. In the pastures fertilized with 300 kg of N and K / ha / year, IVDMD in the rainy season was higher (P = 0.0155) than in the dry season. Pastures xaraés unfertilized grass are prone to susceptibility degradation in the short term and it is recommended fertilization rates above 200 kg N and K / ha / year. Grazing management based on light interception proved valid for pastures that receive manure. Pastures are fertilized more stable compared to the dynamics of tillering. There was no variation IVDMD significantly due to fertilization rates and periods studied with always harvested forage in the same physiological maturity. When the pasture was managed based on IL fertilization affected only the CP. Fertilization did not affect the nutritional value of grass xaraés subjected to grazing management IL-based.Item Levobupivacaína, ropivacaína ou lidocaína na anestesia palpebral em equinos: avaliação da pressão intra-ocular, da produção lacrimal e da eficácia do bloqueio anestésico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-26) AMARAL, Andréia Vitor Couto do; SILVA, Luiz Antônio Franco da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0446055905975647; CHAVES, Nilo Sérgio Troncoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9218281815823682Corneal anesthesia is required in order to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) and eyelid blockades may also be necessary, using local anesthetic agents in horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the IOP and the corneal touch threshold (CTT) at the central area of the cornea, after eyelid blockades with anesthetic 0.75% ropivacaine, 0.75% levobupivacaine and 2% lidocaine. Nine adult female animals of undefined breed horses, which received 2.0 ml of anesthetic for supraorbitary blockade and 2.5 ml for auriculopalpebral blockagde. All animals were anesthetized with the three anesthetic drugs, with an interval period of seven days between drugs, performing a Latin square 3x3x3. The IOP and CTT were measured before and 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 minutes after the blockades. The PIO was maintained within the limits considered normal in all three anesthetic drug groups evaluated. After 10 minutes, there was significantly CTT values decrease for all three anesthetics. The recovery time of CTT was higher in 30 the animals anesthetized with lidocaine than those anesthetized with levobupivacaine and ropivacaine