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Item Produção e caracterização de enzimas quitinolíticas produzidas pelo fungo Trichoderma asperellum e sua aplicação no biocontrole do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus e do inseto Aedes aegypti(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-02) Aguiar, Jackeline de Paula Santana de Andrade; Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127532567066692; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Campos, Ivan Torres Nicolau de; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino deChemical acaricides or insecticides are widely used to control pests or vectors of agricultural interest and public health worldwide. The molecules on the market have an average duration of a decade due to the genetic selection of resistant individuals. In addition, these chemical compounds can affect other living organisms, contributing to environmental pollution and contamination of products of animal or vegetable origin for human consumption. With options for chemical control of pests and parasites increasingly scarce, studies are described stimulating the search for alternative and effective control methods. The use of living organisms or products of their metabolism to control pests or diseases, whether obtained by genetic manipulation or not, are called biocontrol. Several studies demonstrate the use of fungi as alternative or auxiliary agents for vector control, with low environmental impact, easy application and degradation. As an example of these microorganisms, the fungus Trichoderma asperellum stands out. The genus Trichoderma corresponds to free-living fungi, mostly of asexual reproduction, found from temperate to tropical climates. These fungi are known for their capacity as biological control agents, against phytopathogens. This action can occur by the release of enzymes or other secondary metabolites. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of the fungus Trichoderma asperellum grown on different carbon sources (commercial chitin (CWDE), external chitinous tegument of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus (T-CWDE) and Aedes aegypti (L-CWDE) larvae) , as an agent producing enzymes of the chitinylitic complex, for the biocontrol of the vectors Rhipicephalus microplus and Aedes aegypti. The fungus was grown in MEA medium and the spores, together with different chitinous sources, were added to the TLE medium and incubated for six days at a temperature of 38ºC. The crude extract, resulting from the induction by carbon sources, after undergoing the process of dialysis and lyophilization, was used to perform the biocarrapaticidogram and larvicide tests. The results showed that the T-CWDE and L-CWDE media showed greater activity against both the tick larvae Rhipicephalus microplus and L3 of Aedes aegypti compared to CWDE. The enzymatic action in the target vectors was also evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (MET), suggesting that the biotechnological strategy proposed in this work has the potential to be explored for the biocontrol of these vectors, given their viability and the likely benefits such as the generation of natural bioactive and biodegradable compounds compared to conventional pesticides.Item Soroprevalência e fatores de risco associados com a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-06-25) Alves, Larissa Núbia; Oliveira, Vanessa Silvestre Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6090098982472156; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício Pires; Lopes, Welber Daniel ZanettiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in female bovines in reproductive age (above 24 months of age) of the State of Goiás, Brazil and the risk factors associated with its presence. Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction was used in samples of 2,970 cows from 263 farms, distributed in 223 municipalities. Epidemiological questionnaire was used to evaluate the risk factors. Results showed an average seroprevalence of T. gondii of 8.48% in cows of the State of Goiás and the microregions with higher chances (P≤0.05) of having infected animals were from Vão do Paranã, Anicuns, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Entorno do Distrito Federal, São Miguel do Araguaia, Ceres and Anápolis. Acquisition of females or males regarding reproductive purpose had a significant association (P≤0.05) with the occurrence of T. gondii in these regions, and there was also a positive correlation (correlation 0.7618; p = 0.047) amid the prevalence of T. gondii and the total area (in hectares) of forests present in these regions previously mentioned. These results highlight the importance of the meat from these animals being considered as an important route of infection for humans who eat this raw or undercooked food.Item Avaliação da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado de silos de estocagem em laticínios do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-30) Barbosa, Valessa Teixeira; Tenório, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate Cordeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5073363015303780; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Tenório, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate Cordeiro; Cerqueira, Mônica Maria Oliveira Pinho; Coelho, Karyne OliveiraBovine milk is the main raw material for dairy production and has a high nutritional value, as it provides essential nutrients for human nutrition. Although the dairy industry strictly controls microbial quality along milk processing lines, a large number of bacteria that can cause changes in its quality are identified during storage in silos. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality of refrigerated raw milk in storage silos in dairy industries in the state of Goiás and to study the influence of storage time and temperature on the growth of microorganisms during the silo emptying process for the processing of milk. Six dairy industries were selected in the state of Goiás, where one or two storage silos were randomly chosen for monitoring during the emptying of the silo. Samples were collected during the emptying of each silo, in duplicate, every thirty minutes. Milk samples from the same silos were also evaluated during simulation of a temperature increase of 2 to 7 ° C. The duration of emptying of the silo was evaluated; the temperature at the beginning of the process and every 30 minutes until the end of the process and the volume of milk in the silo or storage tank. The physicochemical characteristics (alizarol 72% stability, pH, titratable acidity, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and non-fat total solids) and the microbiological characteristics (total bacterial count, aerobic count, psychrotrophic, total coliforms and E. coli). It was possible to observe that the majority of the industries still have difficulties in maintaining the temperature of the milk in the storage silos below 4 ° C, with TBC within the allowed by the Brazilian law. It was observed that the time interference during the emptying of the storage silo on the milk quality was more significant than the increase in temperature. It is possible to affirm that it is necessary to guarantee the conditions that minimize the growth of microorganisms since obtaining the milk so that there is less impact on the quality of the milk and dairy productsItem Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e tratamento da tripanosomose bovina por trypanosoma vivax no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-01) Bastos, Thiago Souza Azeredo; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6261928164195145; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Felippelli, Gustavo; Krawczak, Felipe da Silva; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Silveira Neto, Osvaldo José daThis study reports the first case of bovine trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax in Goiás, Brazil, as well as other cases that occurred within a period of 24 months, demonstrating epidemiological aspects such as needle sharing and commercialization of infected cows influencing the spread of this disease. Furthermore, it was observed that T. vivax was able to infect and develop the disease in calves when they were inoculated by the intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous route. The presence of Anaplasma marginale latent in calves with trypanosomiasis interfer directly in the percentage of mortality of the animals. Finally, with regard to efficacy, only animals that received isometamidium were able to remain without new parasitaemia after 180 days of study. Treatment with diminazene allowed new parasitemia when reinfected 50 days after treatment and, finally, imidocarb was not effective in the treatment of bovine trypanosomosis. This is the first study that describes the presence of T. vivax, as well as its epidemiology in the State of Goiás, evaluated the infection capacity of this parasite by different pathways, clinical signs, and diagnostic methods and also evaluated the efficacy of the treatment with imidocarb, diminazene and isometamidium in cattle experimentally infected with T. vivax in Brazil.Item Avaliação in vitro e in vivo da eficácia de desinfetantes contra Trypanosoma vivax(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-01) Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro; Borges, Ligia Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0186857706444299; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Felippelli, Gustavo; Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio PiresThe present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of different disinfectants against Trypanosoma vivax. In the in vitro phase, 21 disinfectant solutions were tested in quintuplicate. Disinfectants added to micro tubes containing blood with approximately 1x106(1.000.000) trypomastigotes of T. vivax were evaluated at the 30 seconds, one minute, 10, 15 and 30 minutes of homogenization. After the feasibility evaluation from the thick drop technique, the mobile trypomastigotes were quantified for the calculation of efficacy. In the in vivo step, only disinfectants that demonstrated 100% efficacy and easy acquisition in vitro against the protozoan in question were used. To that end, 30 calves, crossbreed, three to six months old, negative for T. vivax (thick drop, Woo and cPCR) were divided into six different groups of five animals each, which were then inoculated with 46% and 70% alcohol disinfectant solutions or iodine 0.5% + 1x106 trypomastigotes of the protozoan in question at the time of 30 seconds or 1 minute of preparation. One group of animals was inoculated with only 1x106 T. vivax trypomastigotes (positive control), while another group of cattle were not infected (negative control). In order to diagnose the possible presence of T. vivax in the blood stream of the calves, on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after inoculation (DPI), blood was collected from each animal to investigate the protozoan by the techniques of Woo, Brener and cPCR. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in the in vitro stage, 13 of the 21 disinfectant solutions tested demonstrated 100% efficacy against T. vivax at all times of evaluation. Among these 13, alcohol 46%, alcohol 70% and iodine 0.5% were selected for in vivo stage. When the efficiency of these three disinfectants was evaluated in vivo, it was possible to verify that 60% and 20%, respectively, became infected by the protozoan in question, when inoculated with the total solution containing alcohol 46% + 1x106 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, after of 30 seconds and 1 minute of disinfection process. These results highlight the importance of performing the in vivo step in cattle when evaluating the immediate efficacy of disinfectants against T. vivax.Item Avaliação histológica, microestrutural e de biocompatibilidade in vivo de cartilagens auriculares de bovino tratadas em solução alcalina(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-05) Ferreira, Kamilla Dias; Silva, Luiz Antônio Franco da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0446055905975647; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloisio Scalla; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9821938265591545; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloisio Scalla; Silva, Danilo Conrado; Martins, Apóstolo Ferreira; Franzo, Vanessa Sobue; Oliveira, Kellen de SousaWith the advancement of techniques for the correction of tissue defects or losses, the use of biomaterials that promote repair with a minimum of inflammatory response is sought. Previous studies carried out used different means of preparing and obtaining elastic bovine cartilage, aiming at the use as biomaterial. However, one of the major challenges related to the use of these membranes, refers to the occurrence of unwanted immunogenic reactions at the implantation site. This study aimed to characterize the physical-chemical, microstructural and histological properties of elastic bovine cartilages treated in alkaline solution and their biocompatibility in vivo. Therefore, physical-chemical analyzes were carried out to characterize this material. The thermal analyzes performed, Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Differential Exploratory Calorimetry (DSC), verified the possible changes in the material in view of the temperature variations in which it was submitted. The TGA curves showed the variation in the mass of treated and untreated auricular cartilages as a function of temperature and in the DSC the temperature of the collagen denaturation of the cartilage samples was evaluated. The analyzes showed that the treated cartilage had physicochemical characteristics similar to untreated cartilage. In the microstructural evaluations, 2D and 3D computed microtomography and confocal laser scanner microscopy were performed. Two-dimensional Micro-Ct showed that the cartilage region showed higher density in relation to the perichondrium, and the alkaline treatment was effective in decellularization, due to the presence of gaps observed in the extracellular matrix interspersed with the collagen structure. The three-dimensional Micro-Ct showed that the cartilage has less porosity and pores with a larger diameter and in the laser scanner microscopy it was noted that the treated cartilage has considerable roughness, factors that can contribute to cell proliferation and adhesion. In this study, histological processing of cartilage was also performed, demonstrating that the alkaline treatment promoted tissue decellularization, with the maintenance of the architecture of the extracellular matrix and the structure of elastic and collagen fibers. It was concluded that the alkaline treatment was efficient to promote decellularization in the auricular cartilage. The last stage of the study consisted of evaluating the in vivo biocompatibility of elastic cartilage implants treated with alkaline solution (CA) compared to polypropylene (TP) mesh in rabbits. It was found that the group (CA) had a less intense inflammatory process than the group (TP), in which the formation of a fibrous capsule around the implants was observed. It was noted in the group (CA) the presence of calcification promoted by osteoinduction of osteoblasts due to alkaline processing, which can be considered a bias of interest for further studies, involving the regeneration of bone tissues, in which the cell-type applicability observed is feasible.Item Efeitos vasculares do fotossensibilizador porfirínico meso-tetrametilpiridil na terapia fotodinâmica em modelo de membrana corioalantoide(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-08-06) Lemes, Isis de Carvalho Rodrigues Santana; Miguel, Marina Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3078760368293415; Oliveira, Vilma Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0987498380173917; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127532567066692; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; Cruz, Vanessa de Souza; Almeida, Luciane Madureira dePhotodynamic therapy is based on the administration of a photosensitizing substance under light activation through the emission of an appropriate wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen. Photochemical and photophysical reactions trigger the destruction of irradiated tissue, either by cell injury or vascular injury. Therefore, the main therapeutic applications of photodynamic therapy are cancer therapy and the treatment of disorders related to neovascularization. Cationic porphyrins have chemical and physical properties that favor their use in vascular photodynamic therapy, which targets the destruction of tissue vascularization. For the development of protocols that can be used in clinical practice, the experimental model of the chicken embryo chorioallantoid membrane is used. This model allows the direct visualization and evaluation of a wide vascular network. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the vascular effect of photodynamic therapy, using meso-tetramethylpyridyl porphyrin applied topically to the chorioallantoic membrane, at a dose of 100µM. Images were acquired before treatment and every 30 minutes after application, until completing five hours of evaluation. This analysis was based on the general vascular response, quantifying the vascular area in pixels and obtaining the vascular reduction in percentage. In addition, the vascular effect was assessed through macroscopic and microscopic visual assessment. The main visual changes identified were vasoconstriction, thrombus formation, atrophy of the mesoderm, perivascular fibrosis, hyperemia of ectodermal capillaries and necrosis of the chorioallantoid membrane. As for vascular reduction, treatment with light irradiation (14%) or solvent alone (5%) did not show significant results, as well as treatment with photosensitizer (23%). However, the vascular reduction after photodynamic therapy was 35%. Thus, although all treatments have promoted macroscopic and microscopic changes in the membrane, the vascular reduction in the group treated with photodynamic therapy using meso-tetramethylpyridyl porphyrin was superior to the treatments with light and solvent. Thus, this treatment, under these conditions, has a potential use in the treatment of disorders that target vascularization.Item Avaliação clínico-laboratorial, histopatológica hepática e desempenho de ovinos alimentados com feno de braquiária ou cana-de-açúcar(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-03) Lima, Flávia Gontijo de; Araújo, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928; Borges, José Renato Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3586382943482522; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; Castro, Márcio Botelho de; Neiva, José Newman MirandaThe species of Brachiaria are important forages from Brazilian tropical regions, mainly the Central-Western region. Some species of Brachiaria have been described as cause of hepatogenous photosensitization in ruminants. Initially, the disease was attributed to the fungus Pithomyces chartarum, but recent studies suggest that the steroidal saponins present in the grasses have toxic principles responsible for the photosensitization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatic function and the performance of lambs fed with B. brizantha hay or sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.), by means of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and macro and microscopic analysis of the liver. Twelve Saint Ines lambs were used. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: group hay (six lambs fed with roughage of B. brizantha hay and concentrate) and group sugar cane (six lambs fed with roughage of sugar cane and concentrate). The hay used to feed the lambs did not contain Pithomyces chartarum spores. The clinical examinations occurred at each seven days, the laboratory tests at each 14 days, and the weighings at each 28 days. At the end of 93 days of experiment the lambs were slaughtered, the macroscopic analysis of the the organs was carried out, and the liver fragments were collected for the microscopic analysis. The lambs were clinically healthy, during the whole period, except at the beginning of the experiment, when some animals presented pneumonia. The only biochemistry alterations suggestive of hepatic damage were the increase of the GGT values and the decrease of total cholesterol in both groups. No animal fed with B. brizantha hay presented macroscopic alteration in the liver. The microscopic analysis of the liver revealed preserved hepatocytes and presence of multifocal infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the hepatic parenchyma and also in the portal triads, characterizing cholangitis in both groups. Degenerations suggestive of hepatic esteatosis were observed in four animals fed with sugar cane. Feeding lambs with B. brizantha hay promoted similar performance than feeding the animals with sugar cane. Regardless of the type of feeding, the lambs presented, as biochemistry alteration of the hepatic function, increase of the serum levels of GGT and decrease of total cholesterol, followed by histological alterations, characteristic of light cholangitis.Item Potencial antimicrobiano da própolis verde sobre Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-14) Maia, Layane Martins; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Machado, Bruna Aparecida Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4021221951532780; Resende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Pires, Weslen Fabrício Teixeira; Sola, Marília CristinaOver the years, several microorganisms have adapted and bought resistance to drugs. Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global problem for health systems, with no human and animal scope. Salmonella consumes as one of the foodborne pathogens of great impact on public health. The occurrence of episodes with multidrug resistance is real on all continents and alternative methods should be investigated. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of green propolis extracts on Salmonella enterica, as well as to determine the content of bioactive compounds and the sensitivity profile to antimicrobials used in therapeutic use. A propolis was subjected to two types of extraction, ethanolic and ultrasonic, resulting from equal extractions of terminology. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity were quantified by the free radical DPPH. These extracts were diluted in ethanol in the applications: 100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25; 3.125; 1.56; 0.8; 0.4; 0.2 and 0.1 mg / mL-1. Two reference strains and 30 species of Salmonella genus processed by agricultural food and environment subsidized by cell viability tests using the microdilution method. Analyze the susceptibility profile of all strains for amikacin (30μg), norfloxacin (10μg), ceftriaxone (30μg), ceftiofur (30μg) and doxycycline (30μg), using the disk-diffusion method. The results showed those that presented a studied and crossed resistance field, and 83.3% (25/30) of the samples were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents used, only five times without resistance and 21 caused by multiresistants. Cross resistance occurred in 63.3% (19/30) of individuals facing cephalosporins. Regarding the action of ethanol extraction of green propolis, it was identified that the serotypes Agona, Anatum, Cerro, Saintpaul and all as strains of Schwarzengrund are the same or equal responses to minimal inhibition. To serovar, Heidelberg reduced the variability for MIC, using 6.25 to 25 mg / mL-1, as well as for the minimum bactericidal concentration with variations between 50 and 100 mg / mL-1. To extract ultrasound of green propolis from CIM, it presents equal responses for serotypes Agona, Cerro and Saintpaul. For Heidelberg serovar there was a variation for MIC between 6.25 to 25 mg / mL-1, for Schwarzengrund serovar there was a variation between 6.25 to 12.5 mg / mL-1. It is concluded that field isolates reinforce the alert about multidrug-resistant strains for antimicrobial bases chosen for therapeutic use in the context of animal and human health. The extracts of green propolis, due to their concentration of phenolic / flavonoid compounds and their antioxidant components, showed biological antimicrobial action that inhibited, in varying concentrations, Salmonella enterica serotypes from the poultry environment. For these observations, both extracts of green propolis can be considered as a dose-dependent alternative to Salmonella inhibition.Item Descrição morfológica da glândula pineal de Alouatta belzebul(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-04) Mascarenhas, Lucas José Santos; Pereira, Kleber Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779531102983799; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloísio Scalla; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9821938265591545; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloísio Scalla; Franzo, Vanessa Soube; Saturnino, Klaus CasaroThe pineal gland in vertebrates produces a hormone, a melatonin, which is related to circadian control and other physiological behavioral functions, such as the reproductive cycle, thermoregulation and thermal tolerance. The present study aimed to describe the morphological, morphometric and histological aspects of the pineal of Alouatta belzebul. Seven brains of adult specimens of this species were studied, of which the location of the gland in relation to the surrounding brain structures was calculated and its length and width were measured. Then, histological slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAS. It was observed that the pineal of A. belzebul is located superiorly and cranially to the cerebellum and superiorly to the superior colliculi and below the splenium of the corpus callosum. In addition, it can be functional as subcalous. It had an average length of 2.6 mm and an average width of 1.14 mm. Histologically, the gland is composed of irregular cords of pinealocytes and gliocytes. Pinealocytes pair melanin-like pigments. It was concluded that a pineal gland in Alouatta belzebul has similar aspects with some primates and carnivores, mainly in the suItem Infecção experimental por Trypanosoma vivax em bovinos da raça curraleiro pé-duro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-29) Mendonça, Débora Ribeiro de; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Martins, Danieli Brolo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2159963349521553; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3363890096623194; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; Moura, Maria Ivete de; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda SoaresIn the experimental Trypanosoma vivax infection in Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle, six healthy male cattle with a minimum age of eight to 12 months and an average body weight of 98 to 165 kg were used. The experiment was divided into three phases: adaptation (10 days), inoculation and post-inoculation (74 days) in order to evaluate physical, hematological, biochemical and parasitological parameters. The results of the physical evaluations indicated hypothermia in the initial and final phase of the evaluations and hyperthermia on the 22nd day after inoculation. There was bradycardia in the first 15 days and 45 days after inoculation, while bradypnea and hypomotility were detected throughout the evaluations. In erythrogram there was a reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, globular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (HCCM) and platelets characterizing a normocytic and hypochromic anemia. In the leukogram, leukopenia with neutropenia was identified. The bands, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes did not differ because they were within the normal range. In the analysis of blood biochemistry data, changes were discrete and punctual for the following biochemical parameters: fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulin, creatine kinase, glucose, creatinine, urea, total direct and indirect bilirubin. Aspartate aminotransferase activities decreased on days 18 to 60 post-inoculation and gama glutamyltransferase activities increased between days 67 and 74 post-inoculation, however, this increase was due to only two animals. Parasitaemia, diagnosed by the Woo method and quantified by the Brener method, showed to be intense in the early stage of the disease and throughout the evaluations there was a decrease in parasitaemia peaks, leading no calf to death. The cattle after experimental inoculation had mild and punctual symptoms and survived the acute phase of the disease, establishing signs of tolerance in relation to T. vivax.Item Comparação da eficácia de formulação carrapaticida aplicada em diferentes sistemas de pulverização para controle de Rhipicephalus microplus(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-25) Moraes Junior, Nélio Roberto de; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480577038117234; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1222753642148629; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Marchesini, Paula Barroso Cruz; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de OliveiraThe present work compared the efficiency of three different equipment for acaricides application to control Rhipicephalus microplus. Two comparative experiments were performed. To compare the equipment, an acaricide containing three active ingredients (one pyrethroid and two organophosphate) was used. In experiment 1, three devices were tested: backpack sprayer (BS), high pressure sprayer (HPS) and automated sprayer (AS). In experiment 2, two devices were tested: BS and HPS. In both experiments, 10 bovines with similar tick burden were used. In day 0, both experiments, the animals were treated with the acaricide. On days +1 (only experiment 1), +3, +7, +14, +21, +28 and +35 (only experiment 2), ticks count was performed to determine the efficiency of control. The application time, pressure (KPa) and volume applied (L) in each spraying system were also evaluated. Adult immersion test (AIT) using three different acaricides based on pyrethroid and organophosphate was performed to compare the susceptibility of strains from each farm. In experiment 1, all treatments reduced significantly (p < 0.05) the number of ticks on animals, however, the HPS showed better efficacy of the acaricide since day +1. In experiment 2, both treatments reduced (p < 0.05) the tick burden, however the HPS resulted in more accentuated reduction. The application period was of 4.5, 150 e 330 seconds, while pressure was of 306.8, 4,826.3 and 172.4 – 220.6 KPa for AS, HPS and BS, respectively. In the AIT the observed efficacies were between 99.8 - 100% for the strain of the farm of the experiment 1, while were between 67.2 - 80.9% for the strain from the farm of experiment 2. We conclude the application device influences the efficiency of the acaricide. All three sprayers were efficient for acaricide application; the best efficiency was obtained using the HPS while the AS showed a reliable efficiency with lower application period and the strain of the farm of the experiment 1 was more susceptible for all acaricides tested.Item Soroprevalência e fatores de risco para infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-01-29) Moura, Catarina Elízia Bernardino Rates de; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1222753642148629; Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio Pires; Felippelli, Gustavo; Pascoal, Lívia MendonçaToxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of wide distribution worldwide, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause economic losses in sheep production mainly due to the appearance of reproductive disorders. In addition, sheep infected with T. gondii may represent a potential risk to human health, due to the large cystogenic capacity that some isolates of the parasite present, leading to the possibility of human infection through the ingestion meat from infected animals. In this sense, the objective of the aforementioned work was to evaluate seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep in the state of Goiás, located Center-Western region of Brasil. For this purpose, through the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFA), 1000 serological samples from sheep from the 18 microregions were analyzed. of State. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test, which evaluated the possible risk factors for T. gondii (p≤0.05), with the odds ratio (OR) estimates obtained, with a confidence interval of (CI) 95%. The risk factors were calculated considering the risk for each animal, (calculated from the risk), using the software Statistica 10 (StartSot Inc., 2011). In 34.3% (343/1000) of the analyzed samples, the occurrence of anti- T. gondii antibodies (IgG) was observed with serological titers ≥ 64 to ≥ 65536 that varied in the regions from 18.1% (15/83) to 64.15% (34/53). In all regional unitis sampled in the state of Goiás, seroreagent animals were detected, being the age, the water, the form of replacement of the herd and the presence of domestic cats and wild animals, considering the risk factors statistically associated with the serum-occurrence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in sheep.Item Fotoimunoinativação do alfaherpesvírus bovino 1 em sêmen(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-29) Oliveira, Taise Maria dos Anjos; Gonçalves, Pablo José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0515343409614452; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3363890096623194; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127532567066692; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina; Almeida, Luciane Madureira de; Souza, Márcio Adriano Rodrigues; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia GambariniBovine alphaherpesvirus I (BoHV-1) poses a potential risk of infection to herds around the world, causing numerous economic losses related to both respiratory and reproductive infections. In the reproductive sphere, semen is an important source of spread of the virus to the herd. Thus, aiming at semen disinfection, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) was used as a viable alternative to conventional treatments. This technique involves the combination of a photosensitizing compound (PS), molecular oxygen and light, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, capable of causing cell death by apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy. Several photosensitizing compounds are available on the market, however, new compounds are developed with the aim of improving efficiency against specific biological targets. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of palladium-bound porphyrins, halogenated sulfonated porphyrins, hematoporphyrins (HP) and tetracarboxy-phthalocyanine zinc (ZnPc), in vitro photodynamic inactivation BoHV-1. As well as, the development of immunoconjugates, composed by the direct conjugation between immunoglobulins (IgY anti-BoHV-1) and photosensitizers (ZnPc and HP) for PDI in semen. Among the photosensitizers tested, palladium porphyrins (dppf and dppe) at 10 μM showed better results in vitro, inactivating the virus completely with up to five minutes of irradiation. The photosensitizers HP and ZnPc were tested and proved to be safe for PDI in semen after evaluation of the parameters of quality and sperm viability. These PS were conjugated to IgY-anti-BoHV-1 and tested in semen infected experimentally with BoHV-1, being efficient for the complete inactivation of the virus within five minutes of irradiation.Item Ultrassonografia e morfometria do processo de involução dos componentes umbilicais de cordeiros sadios e com onfalopatia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-11-12) Pereira, Cristiane da Silva; Borges, Naida Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9181279951885005; Sant’Ana, Fabiano José Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5101695721028346; Sant’Ana, Fabiano José Ferreira de; Noronha Filho, Antônio Dionísio Feitosa; Queiroz, Paulo José Bastos; Sonne, Luciana; Ximenes, Fábio Henrique BezerraDespite the vast literature on the systemic consequences of umbilical disorders, little has been published about the use of ultrasound to diagnose omphalopathies in small ruminants. Therefore, the objectives of this PhD thesis were: (i) to describe the physiological regression of umbilical structures in healthy sheep - from their first day of life until the completion of this research - using ultrasound imagery of umbilical structures in Santa Inês breeds from natural conception (SMN) (n = 15 ), Dorper from natural conception (DMN) (n = 15) and Dorper from embryo transfer (DTE) (n = 18); (ii) to compare the evolution in the diameters of the measured structures between the two breeds (Dorder and Santa Inês); (iii) to evaluate lambs with omphalopathies - from first clinical signs, or initial sonographic changes, until the end of trials - and compare the data with those from healthy animals; and (iv) sonographically and histotologically describe the clinical cases, as well as related systemic changes such as death or recovery, of five lambs affected by omphalopathies, which were followed throughout the research, and (v) validate ultrasound as an early diagnostic method for this species. In healthy animals, all intra-abdominal umbilical structures could be evaluated in their longitudinal direction. Among all groups of structures being analysed, the urachus (P2) was the first one to finish its involution. Natural conception groups (SMN and DMN) presented similar regression, after the urachus, the umbilical vein at (P5), in days very close to regression the umbilical arteries (P3 and P4) and finally, the hepatic portion of the umbilical vein, in the positions (P6 and P7). In the group (DTE), shortly after the regression of the urachus, the regression of the umbilical vein in the abdominal (P5) and hepatic (P6) portions have followed. Subsequently, after one to two days, the involution of the portion in (P7) has taken place and, only then, around the 14th day, occurred the regression of the umbilical arteries (P3 and P4). There were no great differences in the process of umbilical involution between the breeds Dorper and Santa Inês nor between the methods of conception. We have thus concluded that healthy lambs present a pattern of umbilical structures involution in which 80% of the animals finish the process between their 12th and 14th day of age. In this research, the cases of five lambs with omphalopathies (three from the Santa Inês breed and two from the Dorper breed) were described. Out of these unhealthy animals, three lambs - which were diagnosed with omphaloarteritis by ultrasonography and later in histopathology - have died naturally. Two of them were recovered after treatment, one had omphalophlebitis and the other one had omphaloarteritis. The lesions of the umbilical structures, monitored by ultrasonography, are described in the thesis. The observation and evaluation of these five reported cases have shown that the use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of lambs which present clinical signs suggesting alterations of umbilical structures, with or without systemic involvement, is promising. The results of this study demonstrate that ultrasonography can be used in ovines for describing the regression of the remaining umbilical structures in healthy animals and that ultrasound imagery can be used in routine exams of lambs that present anomalies in their physical tests as a way of diagnosing umbilical alterations and preventing the progression of diseases caused by umbilical infections.Item Estudo macroscópico do telencéfalo, da vascularização da base e seios da dura-máter em Alouatta belzebul(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-11-11) Pereira, Dayane Kelly Sabec; Pereira, Kleber Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779531102983799; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloisio Scalla; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9821938265591545; Vulcani, Valcinir Aloisio Scalla; Franzo, Vanessa Sobué; Silva, Ana Paula Sousa Paixão Barroso da; Ramos, Luana dos Anjos; Birck, Arlei JoséPrimates of the species Alouatta belzebul, also known as howler monkeys, guariba and barbado are endemic to Brazil, of large size, slow movements and quadrupedal locomotion. The knowledge of the morphology of this species is scarce and, in some aspects, as the brain is non-existent. The objective was to describe the macroscopic anatomy of Alouatta belzebul's telencephalon, as well as the vascularization of the base of the brain, nuclei of the base and the venous sinuses of the dura mater. Twenty specimens of Alouatta belzebul were studied, where the brain gyres and grooves were dissected, the base nuclei were identified and the arterial system and venous sinuses were perfused with the injection of colored latex. The telencephalon of A. belzebul presented lysencephalic characteristics, corroborating with several other species of non-human primates and differing from genera such as Pan and Homo. The nuclei of the base were quite evident and the caudate nucleus, putamen, pale medial globe and pale lateral globe, cloister and black substance have been described, which are functionally related to the motor behavior of the species. In the analysis of the encephalization index, it was observed that the Alouatta belzebul is phylogenetically closer to Sapajus and Macaca and more distant from genera such as Brachyteles and Callithrix, showing expressive cognition and intelligence. Regarding the inclination of the central groove, it was observed that in Alouatta belzebul the upper extremity is posterior to the lower extremity, data that corroborate with man, baboons and chimpanzees and reveal a large frontal lobe when compared to Sapajus libidinosus, showing the maximum development in these primates. The arterial circle of the Alouatta belzebul consists of two vascular systems: the vertebro-basilar and the carotid system, which anastomose to close the arterial circuit. In the caudal portion of the arterial circle are the vertebral arteries and their branches: the rostral spinal artery and the caudal inferior cerebellar artery. Anastomosis of the vertebral arteries gives rise to the basilar artery. This presented an anatomical variation with the formation of a double basilar artery, called the arterial island. Nine venous sinuses were observed in the dura mater: dorsal sagittal sinus, ventral sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, straight sinus, sigmoid sinus, temporal sinus, parietal sinus, basilar sinus and cavernous sinus, with morphological similarities in the origin, path and destination of the flow blood to the internal jugular vein, helping in the venous drainage function of the brain in this species. Of the venous sinuses observed, the cavernous sinus was of considerable clinical and surgical importance in Alouatta belzebul due to its topographic arrangement next to the internal carotid artery and pituitary gland, data similar to those described for Sapajus libidinosus, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, Papio ursinus, Cercopithecus pygerithrus and Galago senegalensis. The morphological study of the telencephalon, as well as the mechanisms of lining, arterial irrigation and drainage of the venous sinuses, generated information about the brain organization of the primate Alouatta belzebul, which had not been previously described and many of these data generate subsidies for understanding other áreas ethological investigations.Item Desenvolvimento de sorvete funcional simbiótico com polpa de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-17) Pfrimer, Renata Teixeira; Cordeiro, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5073363015303780; Coelho, Karyne Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4493179418459800; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; Fonseca, Leorges Moraes da; Lage, Moacir Evandro; Antunes, Veridiana de Carvalho; Cavicchioli, Valéria QuintanaBio-inspired technological innovation in ice cream manufacturing has driven the market for dairy products. In this way, increasing the nutritional density and approving ice cream, with the use of whey, buttermilk, inulin, probiotic and fruit from the Cerrado are viable alternative for the sector. The objective was the production and physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characterization of different ice creams, varying those due to the milk/cream ratio, whey and buttermilk defined by the Simplex Centroide Design, and subsequently added a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus, inulin and cagaita pulp (Eugenia dysenterica). Nine ice creams were produced with whey and buttermilk contents, ranging from 5% to 15%, and milk/cream ratio from 70% to 90%, as stipulated by the Simplex Centroide Design. All formulations result within the standards defined by current legislation. Ice creams showed higher content of palmitic, oleic and stearic fatty acids. They stood out as formulations with the highest concentration of co-products for presenting the best nutritional composition, considering the high levels of protein, protein fractions, lipids and lactose. The high concentration of whey and buttermilk concentration, as well as the control formulations, totaling Lactobacillus acidophilus six, were increased with 0.5% of, being three with the addition of 20% of cagaita pulp and three without the addition of pulp. Subsequently, all formulations were increased with 5% of inulin. Physical-composition, microbiological, fatty acid profile, quantitative descriptive analysis, rheology, texture profile analysis and confocal microscopy were performed. All formulations result within the standards defined by current legislation. Available probiotic and symbiotic ice creams were categorized into standard and premium ice creams by fat content. Formulations with cagaita pulp presented higher acidity, moisture and lower melting speed and higher instrumental hardness. The ice creams exhibited equivalence in relation to the semiquantification of image pixels, accompanied by confocal microscopy analysis, with the quantification of lipids and proteins. Ice cream with the addition of pulp, presented higher intensity of yellow color and citrus aroma. All ice creams are categorized as probiotic foods and source count 8 Log10 CFU / g, being great vehicles to provide probiotic culture and all its benefits when consumed.Item Principais causas da condenação de frango em matadouros frigoríficos do serviço de inspeção estadual de Goiás entre 2012-2018 e o impacto financeiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-05) Ramos, Emanoel Tomé Regis; Haddad, João Paulo Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3673445041898307; Melo, Cristiano Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1686704472655874; Rezenda, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Souza, Maria Izabel AmaralBrazil's level of poultry production as the world's leading exporter and second largest producer of poultry meat is due to the joint efforts of the productive agents, the organization of the integrated system, investments in technology, among others that have contributed to increase trade, production and productivity. In 2018, the state of Goiás ranked first in production and export in the Midwest region. Even with this position in the national scenario, during post-mortem inspection in slaughterhouses the chickens are subject to partial or total carcass condemnation due to several factors that occur during the stages of rearing, pre-slaughter and slaughter. Among the problems identified in establishments registered with the State Inspection Service of Goiás generate financial losses, condemnations for bruising/fracture, dead on arrival, cellulite, contamination and dermatoses. In order to identify the main causes of condemnation and the financial impact, a literature review conducted through studies in different regions and establishments in Brazil with federal or state inspection. After this review, a retrospective study conducted, analyzing the main causes of the condemnation and the financial impact on slaughterhouses of the State Inspection Service of Goiás between 2012 and 2018 (partial). We identified 19 causes of condemnation of chicken with total 5,006,043 condemned birds, proportionally 85.10% (4,259,894 / 5,006,043) partially condemned and 14.90% (746,149 / 5,006,043) totally. Of the number of slaughtered chickens160,546,742 the index per total condemnation was 0.46 (746,149) and the partial 2.65 (4,259,894). The monetary value of the condemnations was estimated at R$15,998,921.32 (US$5,574,537.04).Item Atividade repelente e carrapaticida de compostos derivados do óleo de coco contra Amblyomma sculptum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-03) Santos, Mayara Macêdo Barrozo; Cotta, Viviane Zeringóta Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4269635925947346; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2496419306394657; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591106734434348; Fernandes, Éverton Kort Kamp; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Borges, Lígia Miranda FerreiraAmblyomma sculptum can parasitize several mammals, including humans, and is the main vector of the Rickettsia rickettsii bacterium in Brazil, the etiological agent of Brazilian spotted fever. Several studies have been carried out with products of plant origin to control ticks. In addition, the use of repellents is an important tool to prevent infestations. The present study aimed to evaluate the repellency of unfed nymphs of A. sculptum against substances derived from coconut oil (C12 dodecanoic acid methyl ester; C10 decanoic acid methyl ester; and coconut free fatty acid in lavender oil formulation) and catnip oil (Nepeta cataria); through modified Petri dish bioassays and, to evaluate the tick activity of these substances by means of the larval packet test. For the Petri dish test, a semicircle of filter paper containing the substance to be tested at a concentration of 10% diluted in ethanol and another semicircle containing the solvent (ethanol), were placed inside the dish; six non-fed nymphs were placed in the center of each plate and their location was assessed at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes and at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours after the start of the test. For the larval packet test, the substances were used in five concentrations (2.5; 5; 10; 15 and 20 mg / mL) on non-fed larvae of A. sculptum to assess mortality after 24 hours of treatment. As a result, all substances showed repellency, with the fatty acid free of coconut oil conferring repellency for 7 days, while N. cataria oil and C10 methyl ester showed repellency for 4 and 3 days, respectively. The concentration of the C12 methyl ester, effective against more than 93% of the tested larvae, was 15 mg / mL and the concentration, of that same substance, of 20mg / mL conferred 100% mortality. Thus, our results indicate that compounds derived from coconut oil have a repellent and tick effect on immature stages of A. sculptum and can be formulated to protect humans and other animals from infestation, as well as against pathogens transmitted by this species of tick.Item Descrição morfológica e radiográfica das articulações escapuloumeral e umerorradioulnar de tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla-Linnaeus, 1758)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-30) Silva, Carolina Castro Lyra da; Cardoso, Júlio Roquete; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1710994249874447; Pfrimer, Gabriel de Abreu Pfrimer; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9312207784365232; Borges, Naida Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9181279951885005; Borges, Naida Cristina; Oliveira, Raquel de Souza Lemos de; Silva, Daniel Barbosa daThe giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) has specialized thoracic limbs to forage by breaking the walls of anthills and termite mounds. They are also important for defense posture and locomotion. This study aimed to provide a morphological and radiographic description of the shoulder joint (SJ) and elbow joint (EJ) of the giant anteater. Both joints of 13 tamanduas were assessed by morphological dissections (n=26) and histological evaluation (n=2) and radiographies without (n = 14) and with (n=13) positive contrast. The radiographic projections selected to this study were the mediolateral and craniocaudal projections. The radiographic and anatomical findings were compared with the following results: the SJ had a continuous joint capsule with the tendon sheaths of the short head and long head of the biceps brachii muscle, which could be visualized with an injection of 3 ml of intra-articular contrast. The SJ arthrography was performed with the needle positioned cranially to the joint for contrast injection. The EJ presented three articular compartments, and the insertion of the joint capsule was proximal to the radial fossa and distal to the radial tuberosity in the radial notch of the ulna, which were possible to identify with 2 ml of intra-articular contrast. The EJ arthrography was performed with the needle positioned laterally to the joint for contrast injection. Moreover, the joint capsule presented an evagination like a caudomedial recess and cranial and caudal fat pads. No ligaments stabilizing the SJ and EJ were identified in the macroscopic and histological assessments. The morphological and radiological study provided relevant information on the soft-tissue characteristics of shoulder and elbow joints, which may aid clinical-surgical and diagnostic imaging procedures.