Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica em Rede
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Item Estratégia associando métodos substitutivos à experimentação animal para avaliação da toxicidade ocular, categorização e rotulagem de formulações agrotóxicas comercializadas no Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-11-20) Andrade, Wanessa Machado; Valadares, Marize Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/615775524316701; Valadares, Marize Campos; Costa, Renata Mazaro; Paula, José Realino de; Gomes, Thaisângela Rodrigues Lopes e Silva; Gomes, Marcelo do NascimentoIntroduction: Different strategies for categorization and labeling (C & L) of ingredients and finished products have been considered by the Regulatory Agencies. Regarding agrochemical formulations, the lack of global harmonization for C & L is the main problem for the implementation of substitute methods. On the other hand, in vitro and ex vivo methods are successfully adopted to assess the potential toxicity of chemicals. The standard Bovine Cornea Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test provides information on permeability and opacity, but histomorphometric analysis of the cornea has been recommended as an additional parameter to better categorize irritant products for the eyes. Objective: To suggest a platform, associating in vitro and ex vivo methods, based on mechanistic parameters of ocular toxicity evaluation for C & L of agrochemical formulations commercialized in Brazil. As well as measuring the depth of bovine corneal injury induced by eye irritants from all categories of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (UN GHS) and associating it with the severity of the damage. Material and Methods: For the platform, 86 agrochemical formulations of different categories of ocular toxicity were selected in the categorization system of the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA). First, the potential for ocular toxicity was assessed through the cytotoxicity endpoint using the Short Time Exposure (STE) test. In the second step, the non-classified samples and those classified as non-irritating by the STE were evaluated for the opacity, permeability and histopathological changes of the cornea through the BCOP test. The third step was to evaluate the potential for induction of vascular damage through coagulation and hemorrhage outcomes using the Hen egg Chorion-allantoic Membrane test (HET-CAM). For proficiency, 12 substances belonging to the categories UN GHS (Category 1, 2A and 2B) were selected. The BCOP assay was performed to determine the in vitro irritation index (IVIS). After the fluorescein permeability assay, the corneas used were sectioned in a 5 μm thick cryostat, stained with Hoechst 33342 and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Five measurements of depth of permeation of fluorescein were obtained in relation to the total thickness of the epithelium. Results and Discussion: From the palataform, of the 86 formulations of agrochemicals, after the STE test, 68 were highly cytotoxic and were categorized as Category 1 by UN GHS; 13 not classified and 5 non-irritating. These 18 agrochemical formulations were evaluated at the second level of the platform by the BCOP test followed by histopathological analysis, and the irritation profile of these agrochemical formulations was confirmed by the HET-CAM assay. Thus, 7 presented opacity, damage to the cornea in the epithelial portion and in the stroma, coagulation and hemorrhage, and therefore were categorized in Category 2 A of the UN GHS. 11 caused only coagulation and hemorrhage and were categorized into Category 2 B of the UN GHS. In the proficiency, the results showed that the permeation depth of fluorescein was directly proportional to the degree of irritation of the substances tested. Conclusion: Since C&L of agrochemical formulations in Brazil is not based on the UN GHS, this tier platform could be useful to harmonize the categorization of agrochemical formulations in Brazil, providing regulatory subsidies for ANVISA. As well as, refinement of BCOP by analysis of lesion depth through epithelial permeation of fluorescein can be considered a useful quantitative parameter to better categorize eye irritants.Item Estudo da porosidade de comprimidos de Cloridrato de Propranolol a partir do processamento de imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura por elétrons retroespalhados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-07) Camargo, Henrique Santiago de; Gonçalves, Cristhiane; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3935775322457150; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; Silva Júnior, Arnóbio Antônio da; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira; Costa, Roseane Maria RibeiroThe porosity of solid pharmaceutical forms plays a fundamental role in the drug's disintegration the dosage form and consequently in the bioavailability of the active, ensuring its therapeutic action in the desired time, in addition, the porosity influences other aspects such as the mechanical strength of the tablet. Understanding and having methods to study and manipulate the porosity of pills is a crucial factor to have a quality pharmaceutical form. Objectives: Thus, the objective of this work was to study the porosity of Propranolol Hydrochloride tablets from 5 (five) laboratories by processing images obtained in a scanning electron microscope and to correlate these results with dissolution studies and the composition of each tablet. Methodology: The tablets were characterized by thermal techniques, Scanning Differential Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA), and were submitted to hardness, friability and dissolution tests. Electron backscatter SEM images were obtained and processed in order to obtain an estimate of the surface and fracture porosity. Results and discussion: The tablets showed variations in their internal porosity and fracture, all had friability and hardness data that meet current regulatory standards, for the dissolution study, all laboratories presented data within the acceptance criteria of regulatory standards. Conclusions: Through the processing of scanning electron microscopy images obtained from propranolol hydrochloride tablets, it was possible to estimate the surface and fracture porosity of these tablets, thus, this technique is shown as an alternative for the study of the porosity of solid dosage forms (tablets) , being possible to observe the morphology and characteristics of the pores.Item Biossorção de micropoluentes em fibra de sabugo de milho e detecção analítica usando fluorescência de raio x, espectroscopia Raman e análise quimiométrica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-07) Golveia, Jhéssica Cavalcante de Souza; Schimidt, Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1884442831412446; Santiago, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563; Col, José Augusto da; Zang, Warde Antonieta da Fonseca; Morais, Mariana Cristina de; Sanches, Renato; Schimidt, FernandoThe presence of micro-pollutants in the waters has led to growing concern due to the impact on human health. Among the most important molecules is Bisphenol-A (BPA), pesticides, hormones and dyes. On the other hand, micro-pollutant removal processes that make use of agro-industrial waste have aroused the interest of researchers. This is because the accumulation of lignocellulosic materials is also an environmental problem. The adsorption capacity was tested using the molecules BPA, diuron, cyproterone acetate, caffeine, erythrosine red and tartrazine yellow. The detection of these pollutants requires the use of sensitive and easy-to-handle techniques. In this context, the X-ray Fluorescence (FRX) and Raman spectroscopic methods are highlighted.The objective of this work is to use corncob agroindustrial residue (CC) as an adsorbent in the removal of micropollutants of aqueous matrix and detect them using FRX and Raman Spectroscopy. The values was treated using Chemoface Software and PLS (Partial Least Square) Model of calibration. The adsorption studies were carried out in reaction media containing the ground vegetable fiber and different concentrations of molecules, as well as at different pHs. Isotherms models and kinetic models were evaluated. The results showed that CC is a potent adsorbent in aqueous solution, leading to about 90% of removal for BPA. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model and isotherm that best suited the Lagmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 51.25 mg per gram of adsorbent fiber, after 20 minutes of contact. The chemometric analyze showed hat PLS model allows to determine a calibration model capable to reach high values of R2 and low values of error. The thermogravimetric analysis allowed to conclude that it is a material resistant to high temperatures, due to the presence of considerable amount of lignin. Finally, the best results of BPA removal efficiency by CC compared to activated carbon corroborate its high biosorption capacity.Item Produção de lacases por Pleurotus ostreatus e o uso da biorremediação e adsorção para tratamento de poluentes via biomassa residual(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-24) Nunes, Elaine Sousa; Santiago, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563; Santiago, Mariângela Fontes; Paula, José Realino de; Morais, Mariana Cristina de; Zang, Warde Antonieta da Fonseca; Faria, Fabrícia Paula deThe contaminants of effluents with domestic and industrial releases have been proven in several regions of the planet. In the face of outbreaks caused by flaviviruses the use of repellents has grown significantly, as well as synthetic dyes, because they are widely used in the textile industry and bisphenol A, because it is found in different commercial polymers, are commonly found in pollutants keeping present in waters generating possible harmful effects. Conventional effluent treatment processes have low chemical removal efficiency and are expensive. In view of this, the objective of this study was the development and evaluation of methodologies for the treatment of effluents contaminated with the active ingredient of repellents, icairidina, red textile dye Drimaren CL-5B and bisphenol A (BPA) by using açaí residue as adsorbent material and/or bioremediation with the lacase produced from the white decomposition fungus Pleurotus ostreatus using as enzymatic inducer the solid residues of acai, pineapple, mexerica and pequi. The enzymatic production with the residues of açaí and pineapple obtained an activity of 1139 UmL-1 and 1031 UmL-1 respectively. Remediation was efficient for BPA, being able to bioremediate up to 100 % of the compound, but it was ineffective for icariride. However, açaí revealed high adsorptive capacity, reaching to fully adsorb bisfinel A, more than 50 % of iridin and more than 70 % of the dye when in a synthetic sample and 40 % in an industrial sample, demonstrating a promising methodology.