Programa de Pós-graduação em Projeto e Cidade
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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Projeto e Cidade por Por Orientador "Kneib, Érika Cristine"
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Item Transporte público coletivo e acessibilidade na região metropolitana de Goiânia: um panorama da dinâmica metropolitana a partir de indicadores(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-04-25) Gonzaga, Ana Stéfany da Silva; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4735551Y9; Kneib, Érika Cristine; Portugal, Licínio da Silva; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro AntunesThis research is inserted in the context of the importance of the accessibility for the development of metropolitan regions. In this context, is considered that challenges faced by municipalities reach even more complexity when they are inserted in metropolitan regions. This problematic grow worse through factors such as the excessive use of automobiles, as well as the lack of integrated planning and management that prioritize displacements by public transport and that establish balanced guidelines of land use and occupation. Therefore, is research uses indicator to analyze the dynamics of accessibility between municipalities of metropolitan regions. Based on the conceptual and theoretical deepening about the metropolitan context, accessibility and its principles, this work focused on the public transport systems.Item Análise sistêmica do modo ativo: a busca pela priorização da acessibilidade ativa nas centralidades urbanas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-15) Lopes, Flávia Cirqueira Rodrigues; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807145158226533; Kneib, Érika Cristine; Ribeiro, Rômulo José da Costa; Almeida, Cristiano FariasThe urbanization process in Brazil focused on individual motorized transport, strengthening the urban sprawl, the dispersed and disconnected spatial structure. This situation disfavors the mode of active displacements, walking and cycling. Recently, the scope of scientific research on sustainable mobility has been strengthened in academia and public policy. That said, this work deals with the new scientific paradigm, based on the General Systems Theory, which makes it possible to analyze mobility as a system, evidencing the integrality of the phenomenon from the interactions between its subsystems and elements of composition. Therefore, the active mode is characterized as a subsystem, with specific elements and interactions, which are related to the whole of urban mobility. From the National Urban Mobility Policy, which establishes the prioritization of the active mode, the construction of this system becomes relevant, since it makes it possible to understand the mutual interactions of the elements and with the external environment, so that public policies are more assertive in the prioritize active accessibility. As a methodology, a bibliographic review, a systematic review were used and, from the systemic analysis, the active mode system was built and its structures identified. As the main result, it was found that the prioritization of active accessibility is conditioned to the integration of the active mode system, that is, the elements of transport, land use and management. Moreover, it turned out that there are structures in the system that can be triggered by public policy stimuli.Item A estrutura espacial e sua relação com o espraiamento, mobilidade e segregação urbana: um estudo aplicado à região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-06) Naciff, Yordana Dias das Neves; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807145158226533; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes; Kneib, Érika CristineCities around the world have faced unprecedented challenges. There are many problems and impasses related to the organization of territories, expressed in all fields that make up the spatial structure of cities. The study on the characterization of the urban spatial structure becomes essential to understand the city in full because it portrays the basis of the development of cities and the interaction of people with the urban environment. However, the search for urban solutions requires high complexity of interpretation. The analysis fields of cities are interrelated and to solve only one problem often requires the integration of three or four other urban fields. The city is a territory composed of numerous actors and activities. The difficulty of understanding the organization of cities, as well as predicting their operation, instigates the search to discover a logic in urban dynamics. In this context, the systemic investigation tool aspires to be an acceptable method for discussing cities in an integral approach, favoring a full view of this system. This research aims to analyze the relationships between the urban spatial structure with sprawl, mobility and urban segregation from the use of systemic analysis tools anchored in the theoretical-conceptual basis of General Systems Theory. A systemic approach is indicated by many authors as an appropriate method for integrating disciplines in the solution of a real problem, since this problem has unceasingly evolving elements and these possible a wide variety of interrelationships. This research is applied, exploratory, descriptive and based mainly on qualitative and quantitative analyzes. The scientific method used is the hypothetical deductive, which consists in the validation or refutation of the hypothesis that is possible to use the systemic analysis to investigate which relationships exists between spatial structure, sprawl, mobility and segregation. For this, a systemic analysis procedure was developed that uses georeferenced spatial, mathematical (arithmetic mean) and spatial statistical tools (spatial autocorrelation from clusters and outliers). Bibliographic research, case study, data in official and georeferenced databases are used. As a result of the research, a systemic analysis procedure was developed for the application in the Metropolitan Region of Goiania that involves the four study variables: spatial structure, sprawl, mobility and segregation. The developed method validates the hypothesis constructed for this study and is applicable to other metropolitan regions from other urban variables. Thus, the systemic analysis is considered as an alternative tool for reading and analysis of urban space, offering new solutions to the various existing urban problems.Item Impactos do espraiamento urbano e relações metropolitanas no sistema de transporte coletivo: estudo de caso na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-29) Pires, Ana Carolina Fernandes; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807145158226533; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes; Taco, Pastor Willy GonzalesThe urbanization process of the Brazilian metropolitan regions has not been sustainable. These areas are characterized for its dichotomic central-peripheral model of city expansion, in which the intense conurbation and dependence among its municipalities allow intermunicipal commuting to happen. The latter usually happen through mass transit buses, which circulate without priority infrastructure and low passenger turnover. In the peripheral municipalities, urban occupation has happened in a scattered way, which turns infrastructure provision more expensive in these areas, and, because of that, scarcer, something that also undermines the efficiency of public transportation. A modal of transportation is needed between not too dense urban occupations, with a small amount of passengers, regularly traversing urban voids. Considering this background, this research aims at characterizing the impacts that the urban sprawl and the metropolitan relations cause into the mass transit, through a case study about selected municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia. In order to achieve this goal, indicators of quality and efficiency were selected to evaluate the mass transit system in two different dates, 2010 and 2017, when the system of mass transit that meets the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia present distinct settings to serve the metropolitan population, which, in this time interval, grew in a scattered and expanded manner in the peripheral municipalities. The proposed analysis aims at allying the results shown by the indicators to the urban spot spatial growth of the selected peripheral municipalities, and the spatial setting that the system presents in both dates. The results demonstrate that the intermunicipal commuting and the low density of intramunicipal passengers impair the economic efficiency of the system, causing economic impacts, while the excessive distance, which characterizes the commuting, and the frequency of intramunicipal bus lines impair this system quality, causing social impacts. The methodological procedure has proved itself adequate for the identification and registration of the case under investigation, and it may contribute to a better comprehension of the metropolitan relations, for the urban occupation resultant of these relations and from the displacements generated by such relationships. The conclusion of this work demonstrates a strong need for decentralization of the socio-economic activities in the MRG (Metropolitan Region of Goiânia) and for politics that may promote mass transit in this region.Item Procedimento metodológico para identificação de subcentros urbanos de comércio e serviços: um estudo aplicado às cidades médias, o caso de Anápolis, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-30) Souza, Moisés John dos Santos Alves; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807145158226533; Kneib, Érika Cristine; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro AntunesThe change in the dynamics of urban mobility brought about by the priority of the automobile - which in Brazil proliferated among the high-income classes from the 1970s onwards - generated significant changes in the spatial configuration of Brazilian cities. With the new possibilities of urban displacement, it was possible to expand the growth directions of cities. Due to this expansion, the existence of a single center was no longer sufficient to meet the demands of the city as a whole. Thus began a process of new centralities formation, guided by the search for greater accessibility to consumer spaces, in order to bring them closer to new residential areas. New centralities emerged for different classes and in different regions of the urban space. In order to understand this process, it is necessary, beyond the theoretical analysis, to identify, locate and characterize the centralities, in order to understand how they are spatialized in cities. Thus, the work develops a methodological procedure that makes possible to identify trade and services subcenters, providing a theoretical and applied contribution to the study of urban centralities. The proposed procedure identifies trade and services subcenters quantitatively, based on Cut-Off Values. For testing and validation, the procedure is applied in the city of Anápolis, state of Goiás, Brazil. The choice of this city intended to contribute to the study of the theme in the context of medium-sized cities. As main results, two subcenters were identified in the city under study. In light of the theoretical framework, the analysis allowed us to identify the city's expanded center, a popular subcenter and a neighborhood tending to become a subcenter.Item Análise sistêmica de impactos de anéis viários na mobilidade e na estrutura espacial urbana: um estudo de caso na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-18) Souza, Suelen Cristina dos Santos de; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807145158226533; Kneib, Érika Cristine; Kallas, Luana Miranda Esper; Portugal, Licínio da SilvaTo respond a specific need of the transportation system, the ring roads are intended to improve intra-urban traffic, diverting the flow of people and loads. However, like highways, they act in the spatial structuring of territories, providing accessibility, integrating or segregating them. Without multidisciplinary planning, they may provide a temporary improvement in the flow of motorized traffic, but later tend to spatially transform the territory, causing disperse occupation. When this happens, the highway may be absorbed by the local traffic and become an intra-urban flow street, contrary to its implementation objectives. This causes the need to build new concentric outermost ring roads, in a cycle of road multiplication. This practice has its essence in the analytical/specialist approach, which understands planning in a fragmented way when it operates transportation planning separate from territorial planning and implements highways in isolation from other management departments. The research aims, therefore, to identify and analyze in a systemic approach the existing relations between ring roads, mobility and urban spatial structure, creating a methodological procedure for the construction of this subsystem. It is understood that the elements and relations therein reflect its potential impact trends. It is justified by the need for a change in the planning approach, more systemic and articulated among road rings, mobility and urban spatial structure. General Systems Theory is used as a fundamental tool in the methodology approach, that has an exploratory nature and uses systematic and bibliographic review and cartographic analysis. To apply the method, the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia was chosen, in which a section of the proposed ring road was analyzed. As results, a subsystem was identified whose elements and interactions reflect the impacts sought, diagrammed in a network. Although exemplary, the sample identified reveals crucial points of the planning that must receive attention to fulfill the intended purpose, considering the territorial, environmental, political-social and transportation impacts.Item Gestão urbana e mobilidade em Goiânia: análise da interação entre os eixos estratégicos do Plano Diretor Municipal (Lei 171/2007)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-29) Vilarinho, Luana Chaves; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807145158226533; Resende, Sandra Catharinne Pantaleão; Druciaki, Vinícius Polzin; Kneib, Érika CristineUrban mobility is a matter of paramount importance for the functioning of the city and for the population's quality of life. It impacts and is impacted by various public policies, thus interfering with the displacement of people and, consequently, impacting the quality of urban life. Its articulation with other urban development policies has been a challenge for public management, given that for decades they were treated in a segmented manner. In this sense, the Municipal Master Plan is an important and potential instrument for such integration. Therefore, the research in question investigates, in the context of urban management in Goiânia, what is the level of interaction between urban policies, represented in its Master Plan (Law 171/2009) by the Strategic Axes and urban mobility, with a focus on the pedestrian, cyclist and public transport user. For this, this research develops a methodological procedure based on the General Theory of Systems (GTS) to identify and analyze the level of interaction, and to represent these analyses, Kumu is used, an online platform that generates network relationships with points and lines. The present work is exploratory in nature, whose research typology is bibliographical and documentary. As the main results obtained, the research identified that urban management in Goiânia lacks greater intersectoriality between public policies related to urban mobility and that this interferes with the quality of pedestrian, cyclist and public transport user displacement.Item Queda de demanda e pandemia da covid 19: uma análise do sistema de transporte público coletivo da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-25) Xavier, Olmo Borges; Kneib, Érika Cristine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807145158226533; Kneib, Érika Cristine; Orrico Filho, Rômulo Dante; Almeida, Cristiano FariasCollective public transport systems in Brazil faced a persistent crisis, which led to the loss of more than 50% of the demand for passengers transported between 1994 and 2019. The Covid-19 pandemic aggravated this scenario and even compromised the provision of this essential service to the urban population in some cities. In addition, the pandemic period exposed the fragility of sectoral policies, such as the costing model in which transport systems were anchored over the years, identified as one of the main factors of the low reliability and quality of service observed by passengers. Given this context, this research aims to understand the complexity involved in public transport systems, highlighting the demand for transported passengers and their relationship with the socioeconomic characteristics of municipalities. As a working hypothesis, it was assumed that these socioeconomic characteristics influenced the behavior of demand during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Metropolitan Region of Goiânia was adopted as a case study, which houses the Metropolitan Public Transport Network, with all its characteristics that make it relevant at the national level. As a methodology, it was decided to manipulate the thematic maps in a software of geographic information systems (GIS) and, subsequently, analyzes were elaborated from tables and dispersion graphs, using Pearson's statistical correlation. The results obtained were surprising, since it was not possible to prove the hypothesis raised, to the same extent that it showed the need to carry out more studies and research on the behavior of the demand for transported passengers.