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Item Imigrantes haitianos em solo goiano: um estudo das relações entre línguas, suas ideologias e seus usos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-03-27) Faria, Pedro Henrique Andrade de; Braggio, Silvia Lucia Bigonjal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0112693513148280; Braggio, Silvia Lúcia Bigonjal; Silva, Sidney de Souza; Paula, Eunice Dias de; Sousa Filho, Sinval Martins de; Nascimento, André Marques doThis thesis aims to investigate, problematize and discuss the languages in contact, their uses and ideologies and the existing relationship between languages, religion and territorialization from Haitian immigrants residing in the city of Goiânia. The study context was the Jardim Guanabara Methodist Haitian Church located in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, and its Haitian members, who constitute the interlocutors of the study. The theoretical approach of this thesis focuses on languages in contact and linguistic uses in the context of forced and mass migration in times of globalization. To this end, we firstly discuss languages in contact, based on a historical journey in this area of sociolinguistics, focusing on the various nuances that linguistic contact makes possible for those who experience it on a daily basis (PETTER, 2008; WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006, WINFORD, 2003). Afterward, were addressed issues related to linguistic ideologies and the indexicalities manifested by languages and their ideologies and uses (BLOMMAERT, 2014; WOOLARD, 2012; WOOLARD; SCHIEFFELIN, 1994). Secondly, the focus of this study is directed to the relationship between language and globalization, highlighting the complexity of the intersection between migratory flow, language, race, religion and territoriality (BLOMMAERT, 2010; MIGNOLO, 1995; 2003. VERTOVEC, 2007; SCARAMAL, 2006; CÉSAIRE, 2020; GONZALES; 2020; HOOKS, 2019; MBEMBE, 2018; VAINFANS, 1995; RAFFESTIN, 1993). It is essential to observe how much language constitutes and is constituted by several social phenomena and its essentiality in the constitution of subjects and their spaces. The study was developed from an ethnographic qualitative approach. For this purpose, we used semi-structured interviews, a field diary and a linguistic portrait to construct the analyzed data (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 2004; BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 2010; RESS E MELLO, 2011; CLIFFORD, 2008; BLOMMAERT; JIE, 2010; MOREIRA; CALEFFE, 2008; BUSCH, 2018). Finally, the interaction between researcher and interlocutors, analyzed in the light of the mentioned theories, made it possible to highlight the importance of languages in contact for the manifestation and construction of geopolitically localized linguistic ideologies, which constitute global linguistic and migratory flows and, at the same time, unique constructions. The relationship between Haitian Creole, Haitian French and Brazilian Portuguese was essential for the constitution of subjects, territory and relationships experienced by Haitian immigrants residing in the city of Goiânia. In addition, it showed that languages are fundamental elements for the manifestation of religiosity, for the rescue and maintenance of the feeling of belonging and connection to the country from which one immigrated, and also for the feeling of belonging to the country to which one migrates.Item Code-switching em Akwẽ-Xerente/Português(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-12) Mesquita, Rodrigo; Braggio, Silvia Lucia Bigonjal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0112693513148280; Braggio, Silvia Lucia Bigonjal; Grannier, Daniele Marcelle; Mello, Heloísa Augusta Brito de; Siqueira, Kênia Mara de Freitas; Sousa Filho, Sinval Martins deThe Xerente inhabit the right margin of the Tocantins river, approximately 100 km north of Palmas (TO), and the population comprises 3,600 individuals. After more than two hundred years of contact with non-indigenous populations, the Xerente maintain their language and unique cultural traits, a particular way to perceive and immerse themselves in real life. As a consequence of this accelerated process of contact with non-indigenous populations, the Xerente are now in a stage of high bilingualism (BRAGGIO, 2012), a situation that reveals several phenomena, among them, one which is called code-switching (CS). Our work focuses on this phenomenon. The goal is to attain a broad understanding of grammatical and typological characteristics and the social and pragmatic motivations of CS in the Xerentespeaking community. Data from the grammatical analysis, performed with the support of the Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF) and 4-M (MYERS-SCOTTON, 1993a, 2002) models show that, in the CS used by the Akwe, the matrix language (ML) is predominantly the Xerente language, while the Portuguese language is relegated to the position of embedded language (EL) within the bilingual projection of Complementizer (CP), the unit of analysis of the MFL. Additionally, our data present samples of facts which previous studies applying the MLF model have considered to be rare. It has to do with the isolated insertion of grammatical morphemes presenting with the trace [-refers to grammatical information outside of Maximal Projection of Head] and adverbs, which we see, along with the recurrent use of some names and verbs from the Portuguese language (probably borrowings), as evidence of the advanced degree of contact between the Xerente and the Portuguese languages. This reflects the different weight of these languages in certain social domains. The configurations of this contact are also revealed by the analysis of the sociolinguistic variables and the social and pragmatic motivation of the CS, realized under the light of the Markedness Model (MYERSSCOTTON, 1993b), supported by Gumperz (1982) social and interactional approach and the assumptions of the Ethnography of Communication (HYMES, 1972[1964], 1974, 1986). It is then possible to determine that in the urban environment, among the younger population with more schooling, there is a more intense and varied use of CS. In the topic variable analysis, CS is mostly used in subjects regarding social domains related to the predominant language/culture, exactly where there are instances of diglossic conflicts in which languages find themselves in a situation of competitiveness, as pointed out by Braggio (2010). Among the events analyzed, the ritual speech of the elders is, by far, that which presents the greatest resistance to contact with Portuguese. However, in events that take place in the city, as well as other events in which topics are related to that environment, we see CS being used more frequently and presenting greater diversity/complexity. The phenomenon presents itself as a unmarked or exploratory choice, precisely in these events, which gives Portuguese a series of attributes that include the traces [+education], [+formality], [+authority], [+official] and [+sociocultural status]. In view of that, we believe that a broad understanding of CS and of the sociolinguistic configurations in which it takes place, can contribute to the academic education of indigenous populations, in the sense that it will help in the preparation of pedagogical materials. It will also help to establish goals for linguistic policies geared towards providing vitality, and strength to the linguistic and cultural autonomy of the Xerente people. Moreover, the paper also offers a contribution to sociolinguistics, to the study of languages in contact and to the study of indigenous languages, most notably, the Akwe-Xerente language.Item Entre conflitos e resistências: usos e atitudes linguísticas de jovens indígenas Akwe-Xerente(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-08-21) Silva, Julia Izabelle da; Braggio, Silvia Lucia Bigonjal; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788129E5; Braggio, Silvia Lucia Bigonjal; Mello, Heloísa Augusta Brito de; Silva, Joana Aparecida daThis study aims to present an analysis about the language uses and language atitudes of indigenous youth from the ethnic group Akwe-Xerente. Especifically, we seek to verify the choices of the younth for the uses of the xerente and Portuguese languages as well as the group’s avaluation about the languages and their uses. In a broader perspective of analysis, we discuss how the Xerente youth has answered to political, economic, cultural and conflicts which are present in their daily lifes, in attempt to diagnose the tendencies for the next generations. In this sense, we aim to verify if the group tends to the displacement and linguistic assimilation or, in the opposite way, they have a tendencie to the cultural and linguistic resistance. The Xerente or Akwe people, as they nominate themself, are located in the region of Tocantínia, a small town in the state of Tocantins. At presente, the group has approximately 3.100 individuals (IBGE, 2010) which are spreaded through the Xerente and Funil territory. According to Rodrigues (2002) the Xerente language may be classified as belonging to the linguistic family Jê (Macro-Jê) and composes, with the Xavante and Xacriabá languages, the Akwe group. For the analysis of the data, we adopted the ethnographic procedures, such as the participant observation, the interview and the field note diary. Throughout the research, we have visited the Xerente and, each time, we have stayed about ten days with them. In the analysis of the results, we considered the Braggio’s studies (1991; 2005; 2009; 2012; 2013) about the sociolinguistic situation of the Xerente and the theoretical concepts about bilingual populations in diglossic situations presented in Fishman (1998), Grosjean (2001), Hamel (1988), Muñoz (2006) and Myers-Scotton (2002). With regard to the group’s linguistic choices, in all the domains considered (family, school, religion and city) we verified that the language choices are made according to the hierarchy of functions, in the sense that, whereas Portuguese is attached to formal funtions, Xerente language is attached to the informal functions. Nevertheless, formal functions that was before attached to Portuguese, such as the context of a classroom or the function of writing has been now attached to the xerente language. This indicates a process of refunctionalisation of such domains in favor to the indigenous language (HAMEL, 1988). With respect to atitudes, the results showed that the youth shares feelings of loyalt nor just to the language but also to the Xerente identity, since this two elements must be, according to the youths’ words, defended and perpetuated. However, the participants recognize that such “moral obligation” (FISHMAN, 1998) has not been made by the Xerente youth, which has increased their choice for the Portuguese language. Such results reveal, therefore, a contradiction in the group discourses and behaviors, which reflects not only the contraditions, but also the conflicts experienced by this youth. Hence, we conclude that, although the Xerente youth shows forms of resistance to linguistic assimiliation, the several conflicts that govern their daily lifes make uncertain the future of the next generation.