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Navegando FCT - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia por Por Orientador "Belchior, Fernando Nunes"
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Item Aplicação do conceito Internet das Coisas (IoT) e plataformas open source para monitoramento de painéis elétricos de baixa tensão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-03-14) Artur, Matheus Damaceno; Rabelo, Diogo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2038840725490529; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5823317463324641; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; Guimarães, Marco Paulo; Francisco, Roberto da Piedade; Rabelo, Diogo de SouzaIn an increasingly dynamic, complex and competitive market, proper maintenance strategy and maintenance actions are essential for companies to keep their processes and equipment operating safely and reliably, to meet quality requirements and lower overall costs. In this scenario, the implementation of machine condition monitoring solutions plays an important role, and this process is currently considered one of the main levers in global performance research. Inserted in this context, the present work aims to develop a low-cost prototype with the application of an ESP32 microcontroller, open-source software platforms and the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) to cover the functionality of data collection and monitoring of electrical quantities and environmental aspects of an electrical panel in continuous time. Additionally, the use of the Big Data concept for data processing is foreseen, and the construction of a model that generates alerts and provides subsidies for health prognosis, implementation of maintenance/performance indicators and failure prediction. This solution is expected to help companies implement a Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) strategy, make more assertive decisions in maintenance actions, reduce costs in corrective interventions and point out ways for asset management to be more efficient. At first, a prototype was developed with a total cost of US$ 155.99, tests and calibration of the sensors were carried out in the laboratory. Finally, the solution in an industrial environment was applied, in which the following variables were monitored: ambient temperature, relative air humidity, dew point and barometric pressure inside the panel, opening/closing status of the doors of the Motor Control Center (MCC), temperature and operating status of a circuit breaker and contactor, in addition to electrical currents and voltages of 2 motors of the primary wheat milling cylinder bank. The merit of the work can be attributed to the possibility of applying Industry 4.0 concepts to solve real problems and the high potential for scalability.Item Comparativo entre a geração fotovoltaica em aplicações utilizando inversores de string e microinversores(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-01) Ginu, Ygor Ferreira; Ribeiro, Paulo Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2049448948386214; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5823317463324641; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; Bertholdi, Jonas; Ribeiro, Paulo Fernando; Domingos, José LuisIn terms of Brazil's Internal Energy Supply (OIE), there was a significant increase in the total available, registering an increase of 4.5% from 2020 to 2021, a value close to the GDP growth. For the Electricity Matrix there is an increase in domestic supply of 3.9% compared to 2020, but with a slight decrease in the participation of renewable energy sources, influenced mainly by the decline in supply of hydroelectric power. However, the growing use of biodiesel and wind and solar sources contributed to the Brazilian Energy Matrix reaching the renewable energy level of 44.7%, surpassing most of the other countries around the world. Solar photovoltaic generation is responsible for 5.5% of this share and has reached a gross generation volume of 16.8 TWh in 2021, representing an advance of 55.9%. Consequently, there is a race for the technological development of photovoltaic generation, especially the efficiency of solar modules and inverters. Micro inverters are gaining prominence for promoting an increase in the generation of electrical energy, by being able to reduce generation losses due to shading effects, orientation differences and mismatch losses because they can control, individually, the energy extracted from each module, however there is still a dominance of string inverter technology in residential applications. This paper aims to compare the two inverter technologies through actual yield data from monitoring the photovoltaic modules in 06 consumer units with microinverters in operation. The data is collected from the online monitoring platform and used to compose the generation if a string inverter with compatible commercial power was used, considering the conversion efficiencies for each technology. The technical and economic feasibility of the scenarios is performed by the main evaluation indexes. It was observed that the most influential factor in the analyses were the intrinsic losses of the photovoltaic systems, due to the inclinations of the modules, shading and differences in the yields of the inverters and microinverters increasing the attractiveness of the microinverter. The ID-05 plant presented the best results for the real layout, precisely because it presents a totally clipped topology, with different orientations, inclinations and suffering losses due to partial shading. The increase in the rated power of the plant has less influence than the technical losses when analyzing the financial return on investment, i.e., for cases with few losses factors the generation of the string inverters and the microinverters are similar, increasing the payback time of the investment.Item Estudo do impacto da geração fotovoltaica e sistema de ar condicionado no fator de potência do centro de aulas das engenharias da UFG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-11-18) Oliveira, Janine Cavalcante de; Moreira, Leonardo de Queiroz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4443143323495371; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5823317463324641; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; Moreira, Leonardo de Queiroz; Rabelo, Diogo de Souza; Domingos, José LuisIn 2021, the installed power of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil grew 70% compared to 2020. Furthermore, as it is a tropical country, the diffusion of air conditioning systems and the search for thermal comfort contribute to the increase in energy consumption. In this context, this work has the general objective of evaluating how an electrical conduction system of the Variable Refrigerant Volume type and a photovoltaic solar energy system generated some parameters that involve the quality of electrical energy in a classroom at the Federal University of Goiás. For this aim, the sizing of the AC system was evaluated. To do so, two different moments were analyzed considering data collected by an energy analyzer, the parameters are current, voltage, power and power factor of the building as a hole, the PV and AC systems. It is shown that the cooling capacity of the AC is proper, indicating the correct dimensioning of the thermal load. It was noted a reduction in the power factor, which has values below 0.92 capacitive, at times when only part of the air conditioning system was activated, indicating, at these moments, oversizing of the capacitor bank installed to compensate the energy of the condensing unit motors. Thus, it is suggested the installation of two capacitors for each phase and, through automation, they could be activated accordingly to the phase and the amount of cooling devices in operation.Item Aplicação de sistema fotovoltaico off-grid como backup de energia na zona rural - estudo de caso(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-21) Silva, Fernando Carvalho Assunção da; Fonseca, Marcelo Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9285142449945121; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5823317463324641; Belchior, Fernando Nunes; Santos, Ivan Nunes; Rabelo, Diogo de Souza; Fonseca, Marcelo NunesThrough electrical energy, it is possible to operate machinery, generate heat, and transmit information. This energy is generated, transmitted, and distributed until final consumption. However, interruptions in the power supply pose obstacles, especially for producers located in the rural areas of the state of Goiás, within the concession area of the distributor EQUATORIAL-GO. These producers face losses due to spoiled stored food and the death of animals in breeding facilities. With the rise of distributed generation, consumers have been enabled to produce their own energy, thus becoming prosumer. This study conducts a case analysis on a rural property located in the municipality of Cezarina-GO, aiming to investigate the optimal solution for maintaining a consistent energy supply through alternative generation sources. Different scenarios are explored: 1) Grid Electricity + Backup Generator; 2) Grid Electricity + Off-Grid Photovoltaic System; and 3) Grid Electricity + Off-Grid Photovoltaic System + Batteries. Based on the energy demand of the location, equipment is sized for each scenario, and a financial analysis is performed using indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Discounted Payback Period, and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The analysis considers the main implementation and operational costs for each configuration under study. The results show that the scenario "Grid Electricity + Off-Grid Photovoltaic System + Batteries" exhibits the best feasibility among the analyzed solutions. Despite having an initial investment nine times higher than the more traditional "Grid Electricity + Backup Generator" scenario, it presents a higher negative NPV and a lower LCOE over a 30-year period. Lastly, through a sensitivity analysis, parameters related to the cost of diesel fuel (R$), electricity tariff (R$/kWh), battery bank cost (R$), and the number of power interruptions were modified. Similarly, the "Grid Electricity + Off-Grid Photovoltaic System + Batteries" scenario remained the most viable for the first three analyzed parameters, while the "Grid Electricity + Backup Generator" scenario became more viable only when the number of power interruptions was reduced.