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Item Avaliação da atividade mutagênica e antimutagênica da Annona crassiflora Mart. (Araticum) pelo teste do micronúcleo em camundongos Mus musculus(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2001-08-23) FERREIRA, Francinez Linhares; CHEN, Lee Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007RESUMO CAPÍTULO I The araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a typical brazilian plant found in cerrados of Brazil. This plant contains acetogenins that presents cytotoxic, antitumorigenic, antiparasitic and antimicrobial properties. Its leaves, barks, fruits and seeds are used by the population as therapeutic medicine to treat several diseases as diarrhoea, rheumatism and syphilis. In the present study we have evaluated the mutagenic activity of the crude ethanolic extract of leaves of araticum though quantification of micronuclei induced in mice bone marrow. Doses of 10 mg/kg (5% of LD50), 20 mg/kg (10% of LD50), 50 mg/kg (25% of LD50), 100 mg/kg (50% of LD50) and 160 mg/kg (80% of LD50) were applied i.p. in mice Mus musculus, in groups of 5 (five) animals for each dose. The cytological preparations were made according to Heddle`s methodology. For all the applied doses, frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by ratio the between numbers of polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE). Ours results indicated an absence of significantly increased of micronuclei for all the doses tested (p>0,01). Thus, we concluded that the phytoterapic araticum did not present mutagenic activity under our experimental conditions. However, the toxic activity was observed upon analysis of LD50 and PCE/NCE ratio. RESUMO CAPÍTULO II Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum) is a typical brazilian plant found in cerrados of Brazil. This plant contains acetogenins that presents cytotoxic, antitumorigenic, antiparasitc and antimicrobial properties. Its leaves, barks, fruits and seeds are used by the population as therapeutic medicine to treat several diseases as diarrhoea, rheumatism and syphilis. In the present study we have evaluated the antimutagenic activity of the crude ethanolic extract of leaves of araticum through quantification of micronuclei induced in mice bone marrow. Doses of the extract (10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 160 mg/kg) and MMC (4mg/kg) were co-applied i.p in mice Mus musculus in groups of 5 (five) animals for each dose. The cytological preparations were made in according to Heddle s methodology. For all the applied doses, frequency of micronucleated polychomatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) was evaluated after 36 h of treatment. The obtained results indicated that the crude ethanol extract from leaves ay doses of 20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg inhibited significantly reduced frequencies of micronuclei (P<0.01). Thus, we concluded that the phytoterapic araticum exerted an antimutagenic effect.Item Avaliação das atividades genotóxica, antigenotóxica, angiogênica e potencial de cicatrização do látex da Synadenium umbellatum Pax(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-27) REIS, Paulo Roberto de Melo; CHEN, Lee Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007Synadenium umbellatum Pax (1894) is a vegetable species from Euphorbiaceae‟s family. The species of this family produce latex. The latex extracted from S. umbellatum has been used by the Brazilian people as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. However, this latex presents toxic substances and proteolic enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible genotoxic, antigenotoxic, cytotoxic, angiogenic and wound healing activities of S. umbellatum latex (SuL) in rats. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities were evaluated by mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. An alkylant agent mitomycin C (4 mg.kg-1 body weight) was used as a positive control. For all doses, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency was evaluated after 24 hours of treatment. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity, animals were treated with 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 and 4 mg. kg-1 of mitomycin C (MMC) simultaneously. The frequency of MNPCE was evaluated 24 hours after exposure. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). Angiogenic activity of the SuL was evaluated in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs. The concentrations of the SuL were of 10 and 20 mg/mL. Wound healing activity was evaluated in skin of rats. The skin fragment was removed with area 3 x 2,5 cm and submitted to topic application with 5 mL of SuL (concentration 10 mg/mL) and positive and negative controls. The results showed that the SuL was strongly mutagenic, cytotoxic, and antimutagenic, and a moderate activity of anticytotoxicity. In the evaluation of the angiogenesis, the SuL has promoted the increase of the proliferation of blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized chicken eggs and it also induced the increase of velocity of wound healing in rat skin lesion.Item AVALIAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES GENOTÓXICA E ANTIGENOTÓXICA DE DUGUETIA FURFURACEA EM BACTÉRIAS E CAMUNDONGOS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-25) SILVA, Carolina Ribeiro e; CHEN, Lee Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007The plant Duguetia furfuracea (St. Hil.) Benth and Hook. f. (1862), belongs to the family Annonaceae, is popularly known as sofre‐do‐rim‐quem‐quer, araticum‐do‐cerrado and ata‐do‐mato. This plant occurres in several Brazilian states, as Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo. It is commonly used by people as anti‐rheumatic and to cure renal colic. Previous studies have described therapeutic activity of this plant with trypanocidal, antiplasmodial and antiprotozoal effects. Due to the large utilization of this plant by the local people, the present work aimed to evaluate the genotoxic/mutagenic, antigenotoxic/antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of lyophilized leaf extract of D. furfuracea by the lisogenic induction test (Inductest) and the mice bone marrow micronucleus assay (Micronucleus Test). The lisogenic induction test was performed according Moreau et al., (1976) using E. coli WP2s(λ) and RJF013 strains. To evaluate the genotoxic and toxic activities, the doses employed were 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg e 10 mg, while to evaluate the antigenotoxic action the doses were of 0,5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg e 10 mg co‐treated with 0,5 μg de mitomycin C. Micronucleus test in the bone marrow of mice was performed according to Schmid (1975). To evaluate mutagenic activity, mice were treated with three different doses of plant extract (100, 200 and 300 mg/Kg body weight), to evaluate antimutagenic activity, mice were treated with the same doses co‐administered with 4 mg/kg of mitomycin C. The genotoxic action was evaluated by the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). The results obtained from the evaluation of mutagenicity of this plant showed that the extract of D. Furfuracea didn t increase significantly (p>0.05) the frequency of MNPCE compared to negative control. Cytotoxicity was evident in all applied doses (p<0.05). Concerning antimutagenicity, all doses of extract reduced significantly the frequency of MNPCE compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). In both tests, the results obtained demonstrated that the extract of D. furfuracea presented cytotoxicity; however, it didn t show genotoxic or mutagenic effects in bacteria and mice bone marrow respectively. In the other hand, it was observed a antigenotoxic and antimutagenic action.Item ESTUDO DO POTENCIAL MUTAGÊNICO E ANTIMUTAGÊNICO DA Solanum paniculatum L. PELO TESTE DO MICRONÚCLEO EM CAMUNDONGOS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-23) VIEIRA, Pabline Marinho; CHEN, Lee Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007Solanum paniculatum L., popularly known as jurubeba, is a widespread plant species used in Brazilian folk medicine as a tonic, antifever agent, colagogue, bitter, and eupeptic to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions. The chemical composition of Solanum paniculatum has long been studied and many substances have been isolated from the entire plant, including alkaloids, resins, glucids and saponins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of jurubeba s ethanolic leaf and fruits extracts using micronucleus test in mice bone marrow. The experimental procedure was performed according Schimid (1975). Swiss mice were orally treated with three different concentrations (100, 200 or 300 mg/kg) of leaf or fruit extracts of S. paniculatum. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity were used the same doses of the extract simultaneously with a single dose of Mitomicin C (4mg/kg) i.p. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio. Our results have indicated that the ethanolic leaf extract of S. paniculatum did not exhibit mutagenic effect in mice, but it showed antimutagenic effects in this extract towards MMC. The cytotoxicity was strongly demonstrated specially for higher doses. Meanwhile, the ethanolic fruit extract of S. paniculatum was mutagenic only in dose of 200 mg/Kg at time of 48 hours. It was showed the cytotoxic activity for higher doses. However, no antimutagenic effect was evidenced by fruit extract.