Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas
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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas por Por Orientador "Collevatti, Rosane Garcia"
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Item Filogeografia de populações naturais do buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f., Arecaceae) do Brasil Central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-04-23) Lima, Natácia Evangelista de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Figueiredo, Lúcio Flávio de AlencarMauritia flexuosa, popularly known as buriti, is a large palm that occurs especially in association with wetlands (veredas) in South America. It is distinguished because of its economic importance for local populations from Central Brazil, and as source of food, breeding site and haven for the terrestrial and aquatic fauna. The effect of historical demographic events and climatic fluctuations in the current distribution of buriti can provide clues about the responses of this species to anthropic pressures and to future climatic changes. For this purpose we studied the phylogeography of M. flexuosa. The results were based on the differences of sequences from the following chloroplast intergenic regions: psbA-trnH, trnC-ycf6 and trnS-trnG. We sampled 170 individuals from 14 localities throughout Central Brazil, including populations in the Amazon, Araguaia/Tocantins, Paraná and São Francisco Basins. Since the distribution of M. flexuosa is restricted to wetlands, which are surrounded by large areas of dry lands that may act as barriers to gene flow, we hypothesized that populations are highly differentiated and that River Basins act as phylogeographic breaks. The combined data from the three sequence regions generated a fragment of 1205bp, with 11 haplotypes. Nucleotide diversity was low (π = 0.005314 +/- 0.002800) and haplotipic diversity was high (h =0,791) for the combined data. The population parameter θ, and nucleotide and haplotype diversity per population, shows a pattern where populations from different geographic regions have a relative genetic uniformity, separated by steep losses on the diversity; what characterizes colonization by sectors. Differentiation among populations was significant (P< 0.001), but no sign of recent bottleneck on population size followed by expansion was found (D Tajima=-1.955 p = 0.00210; Mismatch Distribution=0.034 p=0.7467 and growth parameter g=402. 402, 95% = -334.961 ICredi, ICreds 95% = 999.91). We could group populations by location in the phylogenetic analysis (Network software), but they do not support the initial hypothesis that the major basins act as important phylogeographic breaks for the distribution of maternal lineages of M. flexuosa. The studied populations showed ancient time of coalescence. This research provided more details on the dynamics and genetic structure of the remnant of buriti populations, helping to elucidate the evolutionary history of this neotropical palm.Item Relações filogenéticas entre isolados fúngicos de Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f., de Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) e de Rhizoctonia spp. Fitopatogênicas ao arroz e ao feijão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-21) Luzini, Aline Pereira; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3733-7059; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Pereira, Marlon Corrêa; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThe orchids Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum (epiphyte) and Epidendrum nocturnum (rupicola) occur in areas anthropized of cerrado and cerrado rupestre, respectively. Even though, Rhizoctonia sp. is pathogenic to various crops, it is one of the more frequent genera among the microrrhizal fungi. Studies on fungal phylogenetics utilizing the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of rDNA are important for evaluating specificity between plant and fungus, the evolutionary history of species and host - pathogen interactions. The objective of the present study include molecular characterization and establishment of phylogenetic relationships among endophytic/micorrhizal fungi isolates of C. saintlegerianum and of E. nocturnum pertaining to genera Rhizoctonia sp., Xylaria sp. and isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. pathogenic to rice and common beans and of isolates obtained from Genbank. The genomic DNA of one micorrhizal isolate, two of Xylaria sp. (endophytic), and four of rice and bean pathogens were extracted, and soon after sequencing of ITS 1 and ITS2 of nrDNA was done. The phylogenetic relations, inferred by Bayesian analysis among the rhizoctonia-like isolates of the present study and found in GenBank showed three clusters, and Xylarioides showed one cluster. The molecular results of micorrhizal Rhizoctonia sp. and Xylariodes are in close agreement with the results on morphology. The micorrhizal isolates formed one poliphyletic clad with the isolates of the GenBank. The micorrhizal isolate of Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from E. nocturnum formed one lineage different from Rhizoctonia spp. originating from other orchid species of GenBank. The Xylarioides isolates obtained in the present study showed lineage different of the found in GenBank.Item Avaliação da ocorrência e dos padrões de fluxo gênico contemporâneo em uma coleção de germoplasma de Hancornía specíosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-22) Olivatti, Ana Maria; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Chaves, Lázaro José; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, KarinaHancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit species inhabiting different regions of Brazil. It's kind of great importance for the fauna of the regions in which it occurs and has a high economic potential. Toe species is divided into six botanical varieties and to distinguish these varieties are mainly morphological characteristics. However, no further work was done to identify genetic differences between these varieties. Furthermore, little is known about the mating system and pollen flow pattems ofthis species. Accordingly, the general objective of the study was to evaluate the contemporary gene flow and the reproductive system in a reproductive station in the germplasm collection in vivo and ex situ of H. speciosa, maintained by the Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás. It sampled every 274 adults in the collection, 28 trees (matrices) were selected and each of these 20 fruits was collected. A seed of each fruit was planted in a greenhouse, totaling 560 seeds, 57% of the seeds germinated and these leaves were collected for analyzes of patemity. All subjects were genotyped with seven microsatellite loci developed for the species. For the set of loci analyzed was possible to find an average of 18.6 alleles per locus in adults and 15.7 for the progenies. There was no significant difference between the observed and expected heterozygosity found in adults and progenies. When the botanical varieties were evaluated separately, we could not find significant differences between the number of alleles, and observed and expected heterozygosity for each variety. The battery of loci used is capable to discriminating individuais and exclude the patemity of a false pollen donor (CI = 3.34 x10-11 and QC = 0.9999). Multilocus outcrossing rates (tm) and single locus outcrossing (ts) were high and equal to 0.990 and 0.899, respectively. Toe difference of multilocus outcrossing rate and single locus outcrossing combined for all families analyzed was significant, indicating the occurrence of 9 .1 % crossover between related individuais. The correlation of selfing was negative indicating no occurrence of the formation of seeds produced by selfing and this corroborates the hypothesis be selfincompatible species. The patemity correlation was very low, 0.076, and this means that only 7.6% ofthe seeds of each mother are daughters of the sarne pollen donor. Patemity was determined for 71.56% (229) of the analyzed seeds, all botanical varieties of H speciosa contributed to the events of crossing, without thereby restricting the gene flow between varieties. The pollen dispersai distance varied from 5 m between neighbors, 165.6 m, averaging 53 m and 64% ofpollination events occurred at distances of60 m. Toe effective neighborhood area of pollination, considering all patemity assignments, was equal to 8702 m. Among the events crossing, 29% involved pollen donors that are not in the collection, showing that there is contamination of pollen in germplasm collection.