Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Navegar
Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas por Por Orientador "Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes"
Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Eficiência da seleção para qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-11-29) Alvarenga, Luís Gabriel Silva; Silva Filho, João Luis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0608088933335198; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Silva Filho, João Luis da; Tarazi, Roberto; Chaves, Lázaro JoséCotton fiber is the main feedstock used in the world textile industry. It is determined by several traits of complex inheritance, influenced by the environment, and which can be negatively correlated with each other, hindering genetic gains in selection for fiber quality. The aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for traits related to cotton fiber quality; propose a graphical method to measure the gain with the selection using different intensities of selection; and to verify the viability of SCI and CSP as selection indices for fiber quality. From the cross between the cotton cultivars BRS 336, conventional with high quality fiber, and DP 164 B2RF, transgenic with medium quality fiber, two populations were carried out: one using the bulk breeding method, and another from the backcross with the cultivar BRS 336. Fiber samples of F5:6 (bulk) and F3:4RC3 (backcross) progenies were analyzed using HVI apparatus, which evaluates the fiber quality by measuring the traits length (C), maturity (MAT), uniformity (U), micronaire (MIC), elongation (ELG), short fiber index (FC), resistance (R), degree of yellowing (b), the spin-consistency index (SCI) and the reliability index (CSP). Genetic variability was observed among progenies for R, MIC, ELG, C and FC, confirming the complexity of these traits. The means of the two populations met the needs of the industry, indicating the presence of genotypes with commercial potential. Estimates of heritability ranged from 3.29% (Rb - F5:6) to 59.92% (C - F3:4RC3). All traits showed genetic correlations with at least one trait, and negative correlation was observed between C and the traits PF, MIC, MAT and FC. The CSI index presented a negative correlation with FP, MAT and FC, and positive correlation with C and R. The SCI index showed a negative correlation with MIC and MAT, and a positive correlation with C. The selection of the 20% best progenies using both indices presented favorable responses for C, R and FC, with expected reduction in FP, and without significant influence on the other traits. The graphs of the correlated response were more informative than the estimates obtained through the equation, since they do not need the values of genetic correlation, and allow the analysis considering several intensities of selection. The graphs of heritability showed that the selection gains were reduced or negative for some traits as the selection intensity increased. The strategy of using the gain graphs using different intensities of selection is efficient and easy to be implemented by breeding programs, especially when the objective of the program is to evaluate complex traits, influenced by other characters, such as cotton fiber quality.Item Capacidade de combinação de híbridos simples de milho e interação com épocas de plantio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-30) Castro, Laís Lopes de; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8695921024674566; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Souza, João Cândido de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães SantosThe high yield obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic breeding. The high productivity obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic improvement. Within the breeding programs, one of the most important decision-making is the formation and choice of the base populations used in the breeding, as they are the ones that will extract the superior strains, so they must gather favorable alleles for characteristics of interest, and for that it is necessary to include several parents in the genealogy of a population. A good strategy for the formation of base populations is the identification of simple high-performance hybrids with high combining capacities for the characteristics of interest. The objective of this study was to identify promising parents and crosses for population formation for the UFG maize breeding program, considering four planting seasons. For the identification of the best parents to compose the new base population, they were evaluated in Goiânia-GO in four planting seasons during the 2018/2019 harvest under a complete diallel genetic design, 6 parents (simple hybrids) and 15 crosses (double hybrids) totaling 21 treatments in the diallel scheme and 5 other controls for comparison purposes. As the behavior of the genotypes is greatly influenced by environmental variations, the analysis of genotype interaction with environments like GGE Biplot was performed. The plant height and ear height characters can be used for selection in the four environments based on the CGC values. There was no pattern of behavior for the determination coefficient estimates (R2) over the four experiments. Parent G1 was better for decreasing the corn cycle with negative flowering values, but in general it presented poor values for CGC and CEC. Parents G2, G3 and G4 showed the best CGC values for the primary production components, and parent G5 as the most stable, although with CGC below the general average. The G1 x G2 cross obtained the highest CEC and at the same time was the most unstable. The G1 x G4, G3 x G6 and G1 x G6 crosses were the most stable and with CEC values higher than the general averagItem Caracterização de híbridos e associação entre caracteres para produção de silagem em milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-07-18) Ciappina, Angelina Luzia; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Silva, Adelmo Resende da; Silva, Wilton Ladeira; Resende, Marcela Pedroso MendesThe corn hybrids available on the market do not have all the desired traits for making silages with good nutritional value and high productivity. To carry out an improvement breeding program achieve these objectives, it is necessary to characterize the genotypes that can form the base populations of the programs and to understand the interrelationship between the various characters of interest to draw up the best strategies improvement. The objectives of the present work were: i) to perform the agronomic and bromatological characterization of maize hybrids, aiming at the identification of superior genotypes that may comprise base populations of maize breeding programs for silage; ii) to study the interrelationship between characters agronomic and bromatological conditions in maize. Twenty one commercial maize hybrids were evaluated at the Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, in the 2017/18 harvest, in two experiments, using the conventional planting density of 55,500 plants.ha -1 , and with a density of 111,000 plants.ha -1 . The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, of a 4.00 m line with twenty plants spaced at 0.20 m. The line spacing was 0.90 m for the standard density and 0.45 m for the densified experiment. The evaluated characters were: male flowering; female flowering; range of flowering; plant height; ear height; ear placement; kernels per ear; number of grains per row; ear diameter; corncob diameter; grain length; ear length; ear weight; weight of one hundred grains; acidity (pH); dry matter content; mineral content; organic matter content; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber (NDF); acid detergent fiber (ADF); total digestible nutrients (TDN); green matter productivity and yield of matter dry. For the experiment with conventional planting density, genetic and phenotypic correlations between the two-to-two traits were estimated, and the direct and indirect effects of these traits on dry matter yield and TDN content. Subsequently, a canonical correlation analysis was performed between the group of characters related to productivity and the group of characters related to silage quality. The increase in density resulted in increase in plant height and a reduction in the size of the ear and biomass produced per plant, however, resulting in higher production per hectare. The AS1596 and AG1051 hybrids presented the best performance, and can be used in the formation of base populations in maize breeding programs for the production and quality of silage, along with hybrids DKB310, BM3061, SHS7920, DKB390, P4285 and RB 9110. A strong relationship was identified between ear components and biomass productivity, and plants with higher grain yields can be used in the indirect selection for dry matter yield. The fiber contents presented a negative correlation with the digestibility of silage and positive with plant height. Knowledge of the indirect effects of the characters between them is important so that the breeder does not make hasty decisions based solely on the correlation estimate. Finally, it is possible to improve maize to simultaneously increase the productivity and the quality of the silage.Item Modelos de predição genômica multi-ambiental em milho tropical: produtividade de grãos e staygreen(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-28) Crispim Filho, Ailton José; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Môro, Gustavo Vitti; Souza Júnior, Cláudio Lopes de; Costa Neto, Germano Martins Ferreira; Toledo, Fernando Henrique Ribeiro BarrozoStaygreen and grain yield are agronomic traits of interest to be evaluated in modern maize breeding programs. A modern approach to improving these traits can be genomic selection, whose efficiency depends, among other factors, on the proper choice of the prediction model to be used, the effects that will be accounted for in this model and the resources and time required for the prediction process of the phenotypes. In this work, three parametric models and a non-parametric model were used in the multi-environment genomic prediction of single maize hybrids for staygreen and grain yield, considering additive effects, exclusively, and together with dominance effects. The phenotypic data refer to the evaluation of 152 single maize hybrids, from the crossing of 42 inbred lines, evaluated in 13 environments for grain yield and 8 environments for staygreen. The lines were genotyped with 13,826 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers using the GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing) method, and their genotypic combinations were used to generate the genotypes of the hybrids. Adjusted means for each genotype at each location were used to train the genomic prediction models. The predictive ability was measured using Pearson's mean correlation, obtained using the ten-fold system. The models' predictive abilities ranged from 0.23 to 0.83 for grain yield and 0.44 to 0.72 for staygreen. The inclusion of dominance effects in all parametric models increased the predictive abilities for both traits, and for grain yield the average increase was 25%. This confirms that the inclusion of non-additive effects in the prediction model allows better exploration of heterosis and greater precision in genomic selection. The models did not differ between attributes linked to predictive ability. Due to the lower computational demand of GBLUP, it is the most suitable to predict the phenotypic performance of these characters in this data set. Prediction with the additive-dominant GBLUP model indicates the possibility of selecting better combinations of inbred lines than those already performed, which potentially increase grain and staygreen productivity by selecting the best 15 hybrids per prediction for each character separately.Item Estimação de parâmetros genéticos e análise de trilha em uma população de milho com potencial para seleção recorrente(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-10-19) Crispim Filho, Ailton José; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4968560508763713; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Ramalho, Magno Antônio Patto; Chaves, Lázaro JoséRecurrent selection in half-sib progenies is the most used method for breeding maize populations. To be efficient, this method needs to count on populations that have genetic variability potential to be explored for agronomic traits of interest. In this sense, genetic and phenotypic parameters are estimated at each cycle in order to verify the magnitude and maintenance of the present variability, the possible gains with the selection and, thus, the potential and permanence of the population in the recurrent selection program. These parameters guide the best selection strategies to be adopted for the management of the breeding program. The objective of this study was: (i) to evaluate the genetic potential of the “Composto Calor” maize population (CCR1) for grain yield and its components to recurrent selection; (ii) compare the genetic gains obtained by the direct selection in grain yield with those obtained by the Z Index and the Mulamba & Mock Index; and (iii) to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between agronomic traits and the cause and effect relationships of the yield components with grain yield to establish criteria in the indirect selection process. Thus, 141 half-siblings progenies and three checks were evaluated using a 12 x 12 triple lattice design in 2017/2018 growing season in the UFG, Goiânia-GO and second crop 2017/2018 in the UFJ, Jataí-GO. The traits evaluated were: number of days to anthesis, number of days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, ear ratio, stalk lodging, ear prolificacy, kernels per row, number of grains per row, ear diameter, ear length, cob diameter, grains length, ear weight and grain yield. Significant differences were found among progenies for all traits, indicating the presence of variability. The genetic gains with selection ranged from -38.19% for anthesis-silking interval to 10.86% for grain yield, and the selection index of Mulamba & Mock showed better indirect response for this last trait. All traits exhibited at least one significant genetic or phenotypic correlation estimate, indicating that changes in one trait may change the mean of other correlated. Therefore, the CCR1 population has potential to recurrent selection, the selection index of Mulamba & Mock is more efficient in the selection of the progenies to be recombined in successive selection cycles, and plant height, ear diameter, and ear weight are the most appropriate traits to perform selection aiming to achieve indirect genetic gains for grain yield.Item Estimação de parâmetros genéticos em populações de seleção recorrente em milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-02) Silva, Érica Munique da; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Reis, Édesio Fialho dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4968560508763713; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Corrêa, Luiza Vasconcelos Tavares; Silva, Adelmo Resende da; Silva, Fernanda de CássiaAmong the several maize breeding methods (Zea mayz L.), recurrent selection using half-sib families is an efficient and easy-to-conduct strategy. The efficiency of this method depends, among other factors, on the estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters during the selection cycles to guide the strategies of the breeding program and for selection to occur in the desired direction for the various traits of interest. The objective of this research was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of two maize populations during the third cycle of recurrent selection, to evaluate its potential for future selection cycles and to verify the efficiency of indices for the simultaneous selection of multiple traits. 160 families of half-siblings of the populations CRE-01 and CRE-02 were evaluated in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy of UFG in the 2017/2018 growing season using a randomized block design with three replicates. The families were evaluated for male flowering (MF), female flowering (FF), flowering interval (FI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), relative ear position (REP), ear length (EL), number of grain rows (NR), number of grains per row (NGR), lodging and breaking (LB), prolificacy (PROL), grain length (GL), ear diameter (ED),ears weight (EW), weight of four ears (W4E), weight of grains of four ears (WG4E), grain yield (GY), and weight of one hundred grain (W100). The selection gain for each traits and the gain with the indirect selection were estimated using the Smith and Hazel (ISH), Mulamba and Mock (IMM) and Z (IZ) indices. Significant differences were observed between families in both populations for all traits, except for GL and LB in CRE-02 population, indicating that populations have potential for continuity of the recurrent selection program. Inheritability estimates ranged from 6.54% for REP to 96.92% for EW. The selection gain varied from 1.66% (NR) to 45.56% (GY) in the CRE-01 population, and from 1.00% (GL) to 81.37% (EW) in the CRE-02 population. Genetic correlations were observed between GY and 11 (CRE-01) and 12 (CRE-02) of the 18 other traits evaluated, in the favorable sense for all the traits, except for PH and EH. There was a greater coincidence of families selected between ISH and IZ indexes (above 65%). In general, the IZ provided better gains for the traits of interest and it is recommended for multiple trait selection during recurrent maize selection program.