Mestrado em Genética e Biologia Molecular (ICB)
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Navegando Mestrado em Genética e Biologia Molecular (ICB) por Por Orientador "Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola"
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Item Diversidade genética de Eugenia dysenterica e sua correlação com a riqueza de Eugenia (Myrtaceae) no cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-04) Oliveira, Hauanny Rodrigues; Staggemeier, Vanessa Graziele; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4759933P0; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727587J2; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Rangel, Thiago Fernandes Lopes Valle de Brito; Nabout, João CarlosBrazilian Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot due to high levels of species diversity and endemism. However, in the last decades its biodiversity has been negatively affected by human actions, which can also be matched with climate changes. To assess the processes raising and holding biodiversity are important as bases to elaborate conservationist tools. Thus, our aims were (i) to describe the richness of Eugenia in Cerrado, and (ii) to correlate genetic diversity of Eugenia dysenterica and species diversity of Eugenia, to answer if diversity at the two hierarchical levels responds to the ecological and evolutionary process in the same way. Myrtaceae is the eighth largest plant family in the world and it is a good model for studies in biodiversity because a detailed knowledge has been accumulated about its distribution, taxonomy and phylogeny. Moreover, Eugenia is one of the most representative genera in Myrtaceae, its species has social, economic and ecological importance. We found that richness pattern of Eugenia changed over time with an evident displacement from the southwest in the past times to southeast of Cerrado nowadays (Chapter 1). We also predicted that 93% of Eugenia species in the Cerrado will lose range size in different scenarios for the future. We found that diversity levels are responding in different ways to the process (Chapter 2), mainly due to climate shifts during the Last Glacial Maximum. Furthermore, clades more phylogenetically distant of E. dysenterica were negatively correlated with its genetic diversity, hence species with recent histories exhibit higher ecological and evolutionary differences reflecting in divergent responses compared with early-branched clades. The positive correlation found between species diversity of clade two and genetic diversity of E. dysenterica, revealed that closely related species respond to the eco and evolutionary process in the same way.Item Autocorrelação espacial e variação craniométrica em populações humanas modernas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-14) Prado, Juliana Silva; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0706396442417351; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Rodrigues, Flávia MeloUnderstanding what factors are behind human morphological variation has for many years been one of the key objectives of various research fields, namely evolutionary, genetic and anthropological biology. The morphological diversity of the human skull sparks great scientific interest, seeing as though quantitative data (due to the genetic complexity in play) showing the patterns of microevolution is useful for analyzing and understanding matters concerning the evolutionary history of populations, such as dispersal, gene flow, isolation by distance, large-scale expansion, among others. For this purpose, the use of multivariate techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), has been supported to assess the human genetic variation on continents. Within this context, the key objective of this article was to characterize human cranial variation, utilizing PCA and Multivariate Spatial Correlation (MSC), so as to assess and identify possible evolutionary processes that contributed to the variation observed. To this end, cranial measurements available on the database obtained by W. Howells (57 variables), sourced from 1248 adult male specimens distributed throughout 30 locations (populations) in the world, were utilized. The results show that there has been spatial structuration of data, as indicated by the spatial autocorrelation statistics (Mantel Test 0.4077, P = 0.001; 59,64% of Moran's Index value with 0.05 significance and average correlogram with positive values in the first few distance bands and negative values in the subsequent bands). The use of PCA and MSC demonstrated that MSC was able to best capture the spatial pattern of data, increasing variation percentages from 54,74% to 69,33% in the first two principal components, where the techniques showed that 26 variables relative to cranial size had positive correlations in these components. The mapping and multivariate regression analyses utilizing environmental data and average dispersion age showed that the variation in the cranial size of populations followed a pattern of increase in cranial size correlated with low temperatures and recent colonization. The results obtained are consistent with Bergmann's Rule, which may thus be applied to modern humans.Item Regra das Ilhas e genética quantitativa evolutiva do tamanho corporal em Elephas maximus borneensis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-24) Silva, Felipe Naves; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0706396442417351; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Jardim, Lucas Lacerda Caldas ZaniniThe Islands Rule describes that there is a tendency, especially in mammals, that species that are large on the continent tend to suffer from dwarfism when isolated on an island, while those that have small size on the continent tend to suffer from gigantism. Elephas maximus borneensis is small in size compared to other elephants of the genus, and there is also controversy about its condition as a natural subspecies of Borneo, when it possibly arrived on the island and the degree of isolation. For this reason, starting from the Evolutionary Quantitative Genetic Model based on the individual, we incorporate a more realistic parameterization, assuming the dioecious subspecies with sexual reproduction, balanced sexual proportion and random monogamous mating, with generations without overlapping. In addition, we use the adaptive peak on the pre-established island and also evolutionary characteristics for island populations such as: heritability, migration, inbreeding and mutation. We simulated four scenarios based on the hypotheses of colonization and evolution of the elephant's body size, taking into account the time of colonization and the possible ancestral body weight. We compared the results of the simulations with the molecular data of this subspecies and the historical records. We conclude then that among the four scenarios, only the third was supported by all the data assumed in the present study, thus, the most accepted hypothesis, describing that possibly the subspecies of Elephas maximus borneensis suffered an isolation of 11 thousand to 18 thousand years in Java and, about 700 years ago, was subjected to two subsequent founding events, arriving then on the Island of Borneo.