Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Item Aproveitamento de subproduto do beneficiamento de arroz: desenvolvimento de farinha modificada como alternativa para a indústria de panificação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-31) BAIOCCHI, Marise Leão Marques; DAMIANI, Clarissa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8152502284007938; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179Brazil is one of the largest rice producers in the world. The aim of this study was evaluate the best conditions of fermentation and development of modified rice flour with oven expansion property, as well as to describe its physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. In the first part of this study, 12 samples, of broken rice granules, were fermented with different concentrations of sour cassava starch inoculum in different periods of time. The analysis evaluated the pH, acidity, expansion and paste properties. The results showed that pH was influenced by the period of fermentation, but not by the concentration of inoculum in all samples at the same period of time. The acidity was influenced by both variables. The expansion was not influenced by the period of fermentation related with concentration, in almost all samples. Only the sample with 2g 100g-1 of inoculum and 48 hours period of fermentation revealed a significant tendency model, R2 83,3%. There were also relevant differences in the paste properties profile in relation to the control flour (CF) (with no fermentation), in some samples. At the second part of the research, the MF with the best oven expansion capability was compared physically and chemically with the CF. There has been significant rise in acidity, pH and expansion in the MF in relation to CF. The humidity was kept in the limits established by the Brazilian legislation. The swelling power did not vary significantly among the samples, increase of 155% in WSI was observed on MF in relation to CF. The MF had significant loss of protein and ashes and alterations in the mineral profile. Fermentation caused a rise of amylose content. The electronic microscope scan revealed alterations in the structure and surface of the starch granules of MF. In microbiological terms, MF can be considered safe for human consume, with minimum shelf life of 90 days. According with the limits established by Brazilian legislation, it is safe for human consume. As a conclusion, MF can be a new alternative for the bakery industry products with expansion properties differentiated physical and chemical characteristics.Item Modificação enzimática da farinha de grãos quebrados de arroz para produção de alimento sem glúten(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-09) FERREIRA, Suzane Martins; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179The rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a cereal consumed worldwide, and the energy base of food, constituting about 23% of total daily calories and about 14% of the protein. The grains are broken rice by-products generated in the processing industry for the processing of rice and cereals have been used for the production of modified starch to be ideal source of low cost, easily obtainable and allows industrial production. The purpose of this study was to determine the enzymatic hydrolysis of grain flour broken rice flour to produce a modified with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase, and drying temperatures (40, 80, 100, 120 and 140 ° C) in its physical, chemical and technological. It also aimed to develop a product similar to flour gluten-free rice milk, by means of mixture design, using flour as components of broken grains of rice and dried enzymatically modified (FDM), milk powder and sugar. The analyzes in FDM were broken and composition, determination of reducing sugars, glucose, color coordinates, solubility and absorption in water and milk analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The enzymatic hydrolysis at 40 ° C was more efficient using 2U of α-amylase / g flour in time of 2 hours and 3U of amyloglucosidase / g of flour in the time of three hours of hydrolysis. The FDM at 40, 80 and 100 ° C showed a reducing sugar of 111.37, 108.15 and 116.04 mg / g of flour and glucose 83.20, 75.90 and 77.30 mg / g flour respectively, which are significantly higher than the grain flour fresh broken and the other drying temperatures tratamentos.As influence the composition of the FDM at different temperatures, an increase in lipid content with increasing drying temperature and changes in its structure. The FDM 40, 80 and 100 ° C had a content of reducing sugars, glucose, solubility in water and in milk significantly larger than the grain flour broken.The FDM from 100 ° C exhibited characteristics of a flour resistant to shear force, and stable to heating at lower temperatures. They also had a darker color with yellow tones and slightly red in the other treatments. The product similar to the rice flour milk was selected with the formulation 10% sugar, 31% milk powder and 59% of the FDM 100 ° C, and evaluated for composition and quality parameters. The formulation presented with sensory acceptance score of 7.95, good strength characteristics, technological characteristics as an index of solubility in water and milk, color coordinates and nutritional composition similar to milk commercial flour.Item EFEITO DA ÉPOCA DE COLHEITA NA QUALIDADE DO ARROZ DE TERRAS ALTAS SUBMETIDO À PARBOILIZAÇÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-19) GARCIA, Diva Mendonça; EIFERT, Eduardo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1970715916178343; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179This work aimed the evaluation of the effect of the harvest time and the parboiling in the physical, chemical and sensory quality of the upland rice. The BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja were harvested on the 30th. and 47th. days after the flourishing (DAF). Parboiling processes were done with the absorption of 28 and 30% moisture, with pre-defined times. The concentration of total solids, soaking water pH, rice final moisture content in paddy, and the opening of grains were analyzed. The quality of the milling rice was explored in relation to the yield of whole grains, degrees of milling, classification of the grain defects, color evaluation, viscosity profile, gelatinization temperature, amylose content, centesimal composition and mineral content. Sensory aspects were also evaluated, among them, the texture and stickiness of the milling and parboiled cooked grains. The acceptance of the parboiled rice, and the profile of the testers. There was a significant interaction (P ≤ 0,05) between the cultivar and the moisture content to the total solid concentration and soaking water pH. The final moisture content did not show differences (P > 0,05) in relation to the two harvest times, and the higher the soaking time, the higher the opening of grains at the parboiling process. The yield of whole grains result is higher for the cultivars harvest on the 30th. DAF than for the one on the 47th. DAF. The parboiling lessens the degree of milling, despite of the harvest time, and when it happens with delay, it rises the level of defects. The percentage of grains not gelatinised was lessened as higher the soaking time, despite of the time of the harvest and cultivar. The BRS Primavera cultivar and the treatments harvested on the 30th. DAF showed a lighter grain coloration, with no having differences (P > 0,05) between the parboiling treatments, according to the moisture content. The results of the viscosity profile showed significant differences (P ≤ 0,05) between the processing types. There was not a significant difference for the protein content, however, to the content of lipids, ash and crude fiber the values were higher for the parboiled rice than for the milling rice. The phosphorus, potassium and copper content are present in higher amounts in the treatment of parboiled rice. The cultivars are suitable to the parboiling industry, despite the time of the harvest, and are sensory accepted, reinforcing that a strict and intense control must be done during the processItem Caracterização e análise sensorial de biscoitos de polvilho enriquecidos com farelo de mandioca(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-14) RODRIGUES, Janaina Pereira de Macedo; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179The cassava bagasse, subproduct of the processing of the cassava starch, has been used mainly as animal feed. The main characteristic is to present high moisture content when in natura, starch content and dietary fiber. This study aimed to characterize the cassava starch physical and chemically, cassava bagasse in natura and cassava bagasse dehydrated and the biscuits formulated with different proportions of cassava bagasse dehydrated, with an sensorial biscuits analysis. Made, previous, the dehydration of cassava meal, then has been elaborated some biscuits formulas with concentrations of cassava from 0% (BP), 2% (BF2), 4% (BF4) 6% (BF6) and 8% (BF8), instead of cassava starch. The biscuits were analyzed for their preference, acceptability, physical and chemical characteristics and microbial quality. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Tukey test at 5% level of significance. The cassava starch presented content (90.65 g 100 g-1), carbohydrate (89,34 g 100 g-1) and zinc (0.88 g 100 g-1) and, lower ash content ( 0.13 g 100 g-1), acidity (1.01 mL of 0.1 NaOH 100 g-1), acid factor (0.28 mL of hydrochloric acid), phosphorus (45.00 g 100 g-1) , potassium (786.67 g 100 g-1) and calcium (200 g 100 g-1). The in natura cassava meal showed high levels of moisture (85.60 g 100 g-1). The cassava bagasse dehydrated showed high starch content (75,04 g 100 g-1), dietary fiber (60.27 g 100 g-1), phosphorus (64.00 g 100 g-1), calcium (500.00 g 100 g-1), magnesium (200 g 100 g-1) and manganese (4.00 g 100 g-1) and, reduced lipid content (4.49 g 100 g-1) and ash (1.98 g 100 g-1). The dietary fiber content and color of the biscuits increased with the addition of cassava bagasse dehydrated on the formulation, and the dietary fiber content ranged from 5.47 g 100 g-1 to 11.40 g 100 g-1. The specific volume of the biscuits decreased with the increasing of increment of cassava bagasse dehydrated in the formulation. There was no significant difference between the biscuits, as the preference. The biscuits had good acceptability for taste and appearance and microbiological quality according to the standards required by legislation. It is concluded that cassava biscuits made with cassava meal is a dried product with good nutritional potential and good acceptability.Item Utilização do amido da casca de mandioca na produção de vinagre: características físico-químicas e funcionais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-06-30) SOUTO, Luciana Reis Fontinelle; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179The present work aimed to produce vinegar from cassava peel, as well to evaluate its physicochemical and functional characteristics. Thus cassava peel was sanitized, dried in an oven at 55ºC, for 24 hours and grinded. Cassava peel showed pH 4.85 ± 0.05, humidity 72.53 ± 0.09 g (100g)-¹; flour humidity 11.75 ± 0.09 g (100g)-¹; 5.18 ± 0.13 mL NaOH 1M (100g)-¹ of acidity; 60.68 ± 1.86 g (100g)-¹ of amid; 1.08 ± 0.03 g (100g)-¹ of reducing sugar; 1.63 ± 0.04 g (100g)-¹ of ashes; 0.86 ± 0.02 g (100g)-¹ of lipids and 3.97 ± 0.05 g (100g)-¹ of proteins. The enzymatic hydrolysis optimization was carried out by Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD), divided in two essays. In the first essay it was analyzed the effects of α-amylase [10 to 50 U (g amid)-¹] concentrations and of enzyme amyloglucosidase [80 to 400 U (g amid)-¹]. In the second essay it was studied the action of each enzyme separately (liquefaction and saccharification). In liquefaction it was varied the temperature (25 to 50°C), concentration of α-amylase [4 to 20 U (g amid)-¹] and time (30 to 120 minutes). In saccharification it was varied the concentration of amyloglucosidase [200 to 300 U (g amid)-¹] and time (12 to 36 hours), with the fixed temperature at 60°C. The variable responses to the essays were the percentage of amid conversion into reducing sugar and soluble solids content. From the results obtained in the optimization, the production of the hydrolyzed was carried out in a higher scale. The liquefaction was accomplished with 12 U (g amid) of α-amylase, at 37°C for 75 minutes and the saccharification with 200 U (g amid) amyloglucosidase at 60°C for 15.5 hours. The hydrolyzed presented pH 4.54 ± 0.005; 9.5 ± 0.05°Brix of soluble solids, sourness 3.92 ± 0.19 mL (100 mL)-¹; and reducing sugar 91.84 ± 1.8 g (100g)-¹ To the alcoholic fermentation, the hydrolyzed has its soluble solids adjusted to 14° Brix with commercial sugar addition. The alcoholic fermentation was carried out in plastic container of 20L capacity, simulating a Batch reactor. In each container, it was added 10L of hydrolyzed in the presence of 1% [m (v)-¹] of commercial baker's yeast. It was incubated the container in shaker at 28°C, 50 rpm, for 24 hours. The alcoholic fermentation presented sourness of 57.97 ± 2.68 meq (L)-¹; 0.094 g (100g) -¹ of reducing sugar; relative density at 20°C of 0.9885; pH 4.45; 4.33°Brix of soluble solids and real alcoholic content of 6.80 mL (100 mL)-¹. Through the alcoholic content of the fermented, it was necessary to add commercial grain alcohol 96°GL to the acetic fermentation. This was accomplished by submerse method, using standing acetifiers, with temperature adjusted to 30°C and the air flow rate to 5L (min)-¹. The inoculum used came from strong rice vinegar. The vinegar obtained were vacuum-filtered using white tipping paper and Büchner funnel and undergone to pasteurization at 65°C for 5 minutes. The yield of acetic fermentation was high (96.72%) and the productivity oscillated along the cycles, getting its higher value at 0.22 [g L (h)-¹]. The cassava by-product vinegar presented 6.88 ± 0.47 g acetic acid (100 mL)-1; 1.76 ± 0.07 g (L)-¹ of ashes; relative density at 20°C of 1.0160 ± 0,0011; dried powder 15.60 ± 0.57 g (L)-¹; 0.19 ± 0.01 mL (100 mL)-¹ real alcoholic content, pH 3.32 ± 0.11; antioxidant capacity 25.96 ± 1.49% DPPH; 204.70 ± 1.49 mg EAG (100 mL)-¹ of total polyphenols; and 19.35 ± 1.08 mg Ecat (100 mL)-¹ of condensed tannins. The cassava by-product vinegar produced answered the Brazilian laws specifications and presented physicochemical and functional characteristics similar to the commercial vinegars. Thus, the utilization of cassava by-product to the vinegar production is technologically viable, showing to be a good option of this waste product valorization.