Mestrado em Engenharia Química (IQ)
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia Química (IQ) por Por Orientador "Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis"
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Item Estudo da extração e purificação de ficocianina e aloficocianina da biomassa de Arthrospira platensis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-29) Caetano, Renata Klícia Mendes; Ferreira, Fernanda Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0883086742146577; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Freitas, Fernanda Ferreira; Rodriguez, Armando Garcia; Montano, Inti Doraci CavalcantiThe growing interest in bioactive compounds from renewable natural sources has stimulated more and more studies aimed at increasing the supply of this market. An example is phycobiliproteins, dyes used in various areas, such as food, pharmacological and cosmetic. The microalgae arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) is one of the organisms that stands out most in the production of these dyes, producing allophycocyanin and phycocyanin; these two dyes are the ones that today have more demand in the market. These proteins have their application determined from their degree of purity obtained with the absorbance ratio read at 620 nm of the extract used for the absorbance read at 280 nm. For use of these dyes, in the food area, a purity value greater than 0.7 should be obtained, and for use in the analytical area, the purity should be greater than 4.0. In view of the importance of these dyes and their degree of purity, in order to develop means of obtaining phycobiliproteins in a purity satisfactory for use in food industries, phase separation techniques were used in aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) to evaluate the action of pH, phosphate salt concentration and the concentration of low chlorine content cationic polymer and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) on the efficiency of the extraction and purification process of Spirulina crude extract and also in the pre-purified extract of phycocyanin obtained by centrifugation. For this, a first experiment was carried out using a factorial design 2 4 to evaluate the variables that most influenced the extraction and purification of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and purity of the extract. Values of 2.6 mg.mL -1 were reached for phycocyanin concentration, 1.4 mg.mL -1 for the allophycocyanin concentration and 1.6 for the purity of the extract. The significance of the PEG 4000 and PBC polymers was observed for extraction and purification of phycobiliproteins. Then, a second design was carried out, a Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) 2 2 , fixing the phosphate salt, pH and varying the PEG and low chlorine content cationic polymer concentrations. At the end of the extraction, it was possible to find concentrations of 2.7 mg.mL -1 for Phycocyanin, 1.3 mg.mL -1 of allophycocyanin and 2.5 for the purity of the extract, evidencing that the techniques used are effective for the extraction process and purification of phycobiliproteins, in which the levels achieved allow their use and application in food industry.Item Otimização numérica da produção de glutationa por saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizando subprodutos industriais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-05-02) Cruz, Késia de Souza; Geraldine, Robson Maia; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4792431Y6; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4778449D6; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Geraldine, Robson Maia; Freitas, Fernanda Ferreira; Putti, Fernando FerrariRecent studies show that often, pathologies are caused by Reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS are associated with the oxidative stress in the cells. The body uses the antioxidants to defend itself from the consequences of this process. An example of an antioxidant with different functions in an organism is the Glutathione (GSH). It is a cellular thiol with low molecular mass, that’s synthesized by chemical, enzymatic and fermentative methods. Since it is environmentally and economically viable, the use of the fermentative process has gained scientific visibility. The use of mathematical models is an alternative that helps in the production of Glutathione. Considering these observations, the present study's aimed to elaborate a mathematical model for production and prediction of GSH for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as to validate its numerical optimization experimentally. For the mathematical model in this process, was used the Central Composite Rotational Design 2², having as an answer, the GSH and biomass values in function with the concentration of molasses and glycerol during a period of 96 hours of fermentation. Based on these results, a hybrid model was made, having as a result, the specific rate of GSH formation. The final model was adjusted to a polynomial function using the method of least squares. Experimentally, the maximum production of GSH was found to be, in 72 hours (119,6 mg L-1) using 76,9 g L-1of molasses and glycerol, respectively. Applying the model for similar conditions, it was estimated to a 118,6mg L-1. The experimental results were then statistically analyzed to verify their similarity. The numerical optimization was made by setting the clock for 72 hours. At this step, the concentration of molasses and glycerol were varied until the best conditions to produce GSH were met. The optimization helped to derive an estimate that 70 g L-1of sugar cane molasses and 40 g L-1of glycerol can guarantee the production of 126 mg L-1of GSH. Based on the accuracy of the observations, the same conditions were used as a central point for the validation of the model - Factorial Design2². The results obtained under these conditions helped establish that the central point of the proposed design for the validation of the model, is 127,3mg L-1of GSH in 72 hours. The validation of this mathematical model by the numerical optimization proved that it was effective for the production and prediction of Glutathione by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using industrial by-products.Item Investigação do processo oxidativo avançado (UV/H2O2/carvão ativado) no tratamento de efluentes industriais: eliminação de fenol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-30) Martins, Michelly Freitas de Moraes; Oliveira, Tatianne Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2017895913160804; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Oliveira, Tatianne Ferreira de O; Ostroski, Indianara Conceição; Sá, Fernando Pereira deDue to the need for more efficient technologies for the phenol elimination in effluents, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the UV/H2O2/AC process and the adsobent behavior in the coupling to eliminate phenol. For a determination of the physical characteristics of the activated carbon, a textural analysis was carried out for isotherms of adsorption and desorption of N2 at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Regarding the chemical nature of the coal were carried out as techniques of infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Boehm method and zero load point. Adsorption kinetics were used to determine the adsorption capacity, for each of the 11 tests, according to the experimental design 23 + 3 central points, where the pH, temperature and the quantity of carbon activated varied. The experimental data obtained in adsorption kinetics were adjusted to the kinetic models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion, with pseudo-second order being the best represent the adsorption process of all the tests. Adsorption isotherms (15, 30 and 45°C) were then adjusted, adjusting the values to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. All feared a better fit of the data to the Freundlich model. For the treatments H2O2/UV and H2O2/UV/AC a factorial design 22 + 3 central points was used, varying pH and H2O2 concentration and quantified response by rate of phenol removal. For both treatments the pH showed a negative release on elimination rate and a concentration of H2O2 showed positive effect. The best tests for H2O2/UV and H2O2/UV/AC processes were the central points (pH 7 and 20 mmol H2O2), with phenol elimination rates of 89% and 94.16%, respectively. With the presence of a free radical inhibitor (tert-butanol) the kinetic contribution of the hydroxyl radicals was calculated, showing that 77.64% of the phenol elimination in the H2O2/UV/AC treatment was caused by their action. The H2O2/UV/AC coupling process is acceptable, presenting a higher removal rate than the adsorption process with much shorter removal time.Item Estudo de metabolismo da Saccharomyces cerevisiae para produção de glutationa utilizando melaço de beterraba(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-27) Paixão, Julliana Nazareth Vieira da; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Rodriguez, Armando Garcia; Suarez, Carlos Alberto GaleanoGlutathione is classified as a linear, water-soluble tripeptide, consisting of glutamic acid, L-cysteine and glycine being obtained through the synthesis of consecutive enzymatic reactions, which has innumerable intracellular metabolic functions, its main function is to avoid the cellular oxidation. Recent studies, indicate that GSH’s (glutathione) function disorder, is involved by the etiology of some diseases such as: liver cirrhosis, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, inflammation in the pancreas, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, among others. In addition, GSH stands out in the environmental area as an important biological parameter, had been being one of the most important indicators of oxidative stress. Considering these factors, the aim of the present research is to evaluate the glutathione production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using agroindustry’s residues. Supplying better conditions to determinate glutathione production. By means of a CCD (Central composite design) 22 with four central points and four-star points, begetting twelve experiments, the fermentation tests were carried out. In the twelve batch experiments, the concentration of sucrose present in beet molasses (61 – 139 g. L- 1) and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 (1 – 12 g. L- 1) had been varied as a source of nitrogen. In order to settled the cellular concentration, sucrose, ethanol, glycerol, acetic acid (g. L-1) and glutathione (g. L- 1), aliquots of each experiment were withdrawn every 12 hours until the end of the fermentation process with 48 hours, carried out the proper of analyzed each metabolites. From the results obtained, a mathematical model had been established, in which, was predicted the behavior of cell growth and the fermentation products yield, with reference the relation by the best conditions for the glutathione formation presented. In addition, the qPCR(Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique was applied, to evaluate the efficiency of GSH1 and GSH2 genes. The best result had been observed with 24 hours of fermentation 7,61 g.L-1of glutathione formation which, in the experimental concentration condition of 61 g. L-1 of sucrose present in molasses and 6.5 g.L-1 of ammonium sulfate.Item Avaliação da atividade hemaglutinante e antibacteriana dos extratos proteicos intracelulares e extracelulares de bactérias isoladas a partir de corais marinhos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-03-30) Pereira, Thairyne Naruan Alves; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Vendruscolo, Francielo; Guillo, Lidia AndreuFor decades, the terrestrial environment was the center of studies, however, research was extended from the terrestrial to the marine scope, in order to discover new molecules. Corals are marine animals that are present in seas, oceans and marine nurseries. These animals can live in symbiosis with several organisms, including bacteria that produce molecules of high biotechnological interest. From the collection, isolation and cultivation of these organisms, it is possible to obtain molecules of biotechnological interest. In this context, this study aims to isolate bacterial colonies from marine corals, evaluate the hemagglutinating activity and antibacterial activity of intracellular and extracellular protein extracts from bacterial colonies isolated from Green Star Polyps and Xenia Pompom corals, and obtain the protein profile of the extracts from SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Eighteen colonies of bacteria were isolated, 9 colonies from each coral. Crude extracts were obtained from the cultivation of isolated bacteria in two different culture media, which were subsequently subjected to 60% saturation with ammonium sulfate. For the hemagglutinating activity, only the extracellular extracts showed activity, which allows inferring that they may contain proteins that have different biological activities, such as antibacterial and antiviral. Therefore, carbohydrate inhibition was performed, however, there was no inhibition of hemagglutinating activity for the following sugars tested, galactose, fructose, maltose, glucose, xylose, rhaminose and sucrose. Therefore, these extracellular extracts were subjected to antibacterial activity, which was determined by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method, by the broth microdilution technique, against the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Enterococcus faecalis. There was antibacterial activity of three (E1 G13, E2 G13 and E2 P2) of the four protein extracts against Enterococcus faecalis. Protein extracts E1 G13, E2 G13 and E1 P2 showed inhibition of microbial growth against another strain tested, obtaining a concentration of 1000 µg.mL-1 for Escherichia coli. The four extracellular protein extracts obtained hemagglutination for the three blood types tested and are promising antibacterial agents, which can contribute to the expansion of natural products of marine origin.Item Diagnóstico e avaliação da influência de contaminantes selvagens durante etapas do processo produtivo do etanol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-01-20) Santos, Camila Oliveira dos; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Vendruscolo, Francielo; Rodriguez, Armando GarciaEthanol production represents an important share in the national economy. With the use of sugarcane as a raw material, Brazil is positioned as the second largest producer in the world. Although the ethanol production process is well established, many factors contribute to its efficiency, such as the quality of the raw material, process conditions and microbial contaminants. Sugarcane juice must is a very complex substrate and allows the development of other yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces, so the microbial population during industrial fermentations can be quite dynamic, and the yeast can be completely replaced in wild yeast process. In view of this, this study proposes to study the fermentative characteristics of contaminating yeast strains isolated from six stages of the production process of an ethanol producing plant in the state of Goiás and the implications that these yeasts could have on the final ethanol yield. The samples were collected from the final melasse, must, concentrated broth, decanted broth, yeast from the vat and fermented wine. From the colonies isolated from the fermented wine, a wild yeast strain with rough appearance and irregular edges was found at a contamination level of 77.4 % of the sample. Thus, fermentative tests were carried out in triplicates with synthetic must of sugar cane with 120 g.L-1 of sugars with a period of 72 hours of fermentation. Firstly, the performance of fermented wine isolated yeast (LFS) was evaluated in comparison with the industrial strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae BG-1, CAT-1, FT-858L and PE-2. LFS obtained lower values in final ethanol concentration, productivity and fermentative efficiency compared to industrial strains. However, in LFS mixed culture fermentative tests at contamination levels of 2, 10, 20 and 30 % with strains BG-1, CAT-1, FT-858L and PE-2, the LFS showed higher levels of final contamination than the initial, thus showing the competence of industrial yeasts over wild yeast, in these same conditions with reuse of the inoculum, the LFS was reduced from 30 % to 0.2 % at the end of 10 consecutive fermentations. In this study, the isolated LFS yeast became more dominant in mixed culture fermentations with the PE-2 strain and in must with calcium oxide additions, between concentrations of 0.05 g.L-1 and 0.30 gL-1 of CaO the results showed a significant drop in fermentation efficiency. The wort of the plant presented an additional calcium concentration of 0.09 g.L-1 after the liming treatment, this concentration is worrying considering that in the tests with the concentration of 0.10 gL-1 of CaO, it was observed that the speed growth rate of LFS was greater than that of the PE-2 strain, possibly this was the condition that favored the critical contamination situation observed in the plant samples, and may mention the possibility of replacing calcium oxide in liming treatment or alternatives that minimize the presence of Ca2+ ions in the must so that it does not favor the development of flocculating yeasts.Item Estudo da competência de Saccharomy cescerevisiae em co-cultura para a produção de etanol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-24) Santos, Mayara Vieira; Souza, Adriana Régia Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3723989528702465; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Oliveira, Bruno Motta; Freitas, Fernanda FerreiraUsually the inoculum used during the beginning of the harvest of ethanol production is constituted by the combination of two or more yeasts strains and in the end the most adapted one will predominate, either inoculated yeast or indigenous wild yeast. The proportion used in these industries are established empirically, of which little is known about the kinetic parameters and the influence that each yeast has on the production of ethanol and on the other metabolites. An experimental design from the blending design with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754, S. cerevisiae CAT-1, S. cerevisiae PEDRA-2, S. cerevisiae MONASTRELL strains was proposed to understand how the interaction among the different blends occurs comparing with the ethanol, biomass, acetic acid, glycerol and biomass consumption. This study showed that the inherent characteristics to each yeast can influence the behavior of the kinetics parameters of the culture with two yeasts. It was verified that the combination among three yeasts presented similar metabolic behavior. From the blending design it was possible to elaborate mathematical models that predicts the ethanol, biomass, glycerol, acetic acid and residual sucrose amount in all four yeasts mixtures. It was also possible to identify that the mixture of CAT-1 and PEDRA-2 presented higher ethanol production when cultivated in a 1: 1 ratio, and also in the cultivation with the two yeasts (CAT-1 and PEDRA-2) to CAT-1 was higher in yeast. This research also presents the synthetic cane juice composition and the detail of growth kinetics, substrates consume and production of MONASTRELL yeast products that had not been studied until now.Item Avaliação da composição mineral do mosto de cana de açúcar no desempenho fermentativo com cultura mista de leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae diagnóstico e solução de problemas relacionados a produção industrial de etanol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-16) Silveira, Larissa Gabriele Silva; Freitas, Fernanda Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0883086742146577; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Vendruscolo, Francielo; Ribeiro, Eloizio JúlioThe International Energy Agency estimates that ethanol from sugar cane reduces the emission of greenhouse gases by 89%. Brazil ranks second in world production of ethanol but still needs to improve in the coming years to reach the decarbonization targets proposed by the National Biofuel Policy. However, the process is consolidated the ethanol production improvement depends on the role performed by several factors as fermentation. Industrial yeasts are inoculated in the fermentation owing to their great fermentation characteristics but it may happen the entrance or appearance of contaminating microorganisms which are called wild yeasts. The process requires a wide range of minerals to reach adequate efficiency and a correct range of macro and micronutrients in the fermentation may improve the functioning of cellular metabolism and prevent the development of wild yeasts. This study aims to analyze the effects of mineral nutrients on ethanol production from synthetic sugarcane juice and a mixed culture of industrial and wild yeast. The industrial yeasts BG-1, CAT-1, FT-858L and PE-2 of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used and the wild yeast was isolated from an Alcohol Power Plant in Goiás and called LFS. The yeasts were identified according to their macromorphological characteristics in the growth of colonies on plates. To assure the experimental reproducibility the synthetic sugarcane juice was used with 16% of sugars (m/v). The fermentation essays were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography and residual sugars, glycerol, ethanol and acetic acid quantified. Minerals were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The tests were carried out in the proportion of 30% of the wild yeast and 17.5% of each industrial yeast for 72 hours at 30ºC with 2.5 mL of the synthetic sugarcane juice. The inoculum was prepared from the scraping of the yeast present in the sterile plates and the solution mineral was added for the supplementation. The influence of Ca, Fe, Cu, K, P, N, S and Mg ions was evaluated at the end of fermentation through colony population dynamics, sugar residual and ethanol production. The tests showed that nitrogen, magnesium, sulfur and copper favor fermentation while calcium, phosphorus and iron are more prejudicial to the process. To evaluate the relationship between the prejudicial minerals was carried out a simplex-lattice mixture design with 3 components and results showed that excess calcium is prejudicial to ethanol production. Another simplexcentroid mixture design was carried out with the 4 elements identified as favorable in synthetic sugarcane juice with calcium excess and the contamination decreased by 67% with supplementation of nitrogen, magnesium and sulfur. Tests in natural sugarcane juice showed that reduction of contaminating was by 48% and confirmed that nitrogen, magnesium and sulfur are favorable to inhibit wild yeast growth. In conclusion, the tests demonstrated that supplementation of nitrogen, magnesium and sulfur reduces the contamination and increases ethanol production. As a suggestion, the addition of fertilizers with these minerals during the cultivation of sugarcane or in start fermentation may help to improve the industrial process.