Mestrado em Engenharia Química (IQ)
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia Química (IQ) por Por Orientador "Souza, Thiago Leandro de"
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Item Análise termodinâmica da gaseificação do licor negro em água supercrítica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-01-28) Araújo, Beatriz Mendes Mazon de; Souza, Thiago Leandro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431199944070783; Alonso, Christian Gonçalves; Machado, Guilherme Duenhas; Souza, Thiago Leandro deBlack liquor (BL) is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry process. Its composition is full of organic and inorganic matter and products of lignin’s solubilisation. Nowadays, black liquor has been used as a burning source for the boilers and generates the biggest part of the electricity in the industry where it’s produced. However, the actual process has low efficiency, reduced flexibility, besides promoting the emission of harmful gases and corrosion in boilers. The supercritical water gasification (SCWG) introduces many advantages when compared to current recovery process of black liquor, making possible the generation of high added value gases such as hydrogen and methane and contributing to energetic efficiency of the plants. In this work, a thermodynamic analysis of supercritical water gasification was conducted in a black liquor representative compound, from the Kraft process and eucalyptus wood. The chemical-and-phase equilibrium calculations were performed using Gibbs minimization method, with a non-stoichiometric approach, that is, the direct Gibbs minimization. To simulate the gas phase behaviour, two different models were compared: the ideal gas mixture model and the Peng Robinson state equation with the van der Waals mixing rule. The solid phase was considered as pure graphite carbon. From the simulations performed, a sensitivity analysis of of pressure and temperature influence on the balance composition of the reactive system was conducted, what makes possible to predict behaviors and so, makes easier decision making, saving time and resources. The Results indicate that besides generate value added gases, BLSCWG could also produce more thermal energy when compared to conventional BL recovery process.Item Simulação de um processo de produção de energia baseado na reforma de bio-óleo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-19) Rodrigues, Caroline Teixeira; Cardozo Filho, Lúcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2710474728753403; Souza, Thiago Leandro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431199944070783; Souza, Thiago Leandro de; Silva, Simone Monteiro e; Pinto, Leandro FerreiraThere is a growing interest in the development of clean and renewable processes for obtaining energy. In this sense, one of the most interesting fuels in the present is hydrogen. An opportunity is to reform the bio-oil for hydrogen production and fuel cell application. The bio-oil is a residue of flash pyrolysis and is a complex mixture of oxygenated compounds that depends on the conditions of pyrolysis operation and the nature of the biomass used. Acetic acid is one of the main compounds of this mixture, and this is often considered to be a model compound for the study of reactions with bio-oil. The steam reforming is the main process used commercially in the production of hydrogen from fuels fossil. However, this technology can be employed in the production of hydrogen from renewable sources. This process basically consists of the reaction of a substrate (hydrocarbon) with steam at high temperature providing a mixture of gases composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This reaction is highly endothermic which requires the consumption of large amounts of thermal energy. The autothermal reforming combines the steam reforming, an endothermic reaction, and the partial oxidation, an exothermic reaction, generating a thermally standalone process. This reaction consists of the feeding of steam and oxygen along with the substrate providing as a product a mixture composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and other compounds such as methane and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is the most used fuel in fuel cells. Fuel cells are more efficient energy generation systems than internal combustion and produce clean energy. The literature misses computational works that study systems like the described integrated self energetically. In this way, this work intends to contribute to the theme, presenting unprecedented computational simulations of hydrogen production processes from bio-oil by oxidative steam reforming and steam reforming. The hydrogen formed will be used for fuel cell feed for energy production. The best operating conditions will be simulated in a complete process with energy integration to assess that they are self-reliant from the point of view of energy expenditures. This study constitutes an important step in the technological development of processes that enable the production of hydrogen and energy from renewable sources of energy.Item Análise termodinâmica da reforma com vapor de água de um composto modelo de bio-óleo para produção de hidrogênio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-09-28) Trevisan, Ivo Junior; Alonso, Cristian Gonçalves; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?metodo=apresentar&id=K4777466U2; Souza, Thiago Leandro de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?metodo=apresentar&id=K4250090T1; Souza, Thiago Leandro de; Alonso , Cristian Gonçalves; Cardozo Filho, Lucio; Oliveira, Sérgio Botelho de; Ostroski , Índianara ConceiçãoIn this work, a thermodynamic analysis of the water vapor reforming reaction of a bio-oil model compound was performed and the objective is producing hydrogen through an alternative source of fossil fuels. The bio-oil model compound was considered to be a molar fraction of 1:1:1 mixture of phenol, acetic acid and hydroxyketone and the thermodynamic data were obtained in DIPPR® software version 1.2.0. The chemical and phase equilibrium were calculated by the Gibbs energy minimization method. Constant pressure of 1 bar, temperature ratio from 673.15K to 1273.15K and water and carbon ratio of the substrate (H2O(v)/C(ent)) of 0.01 to 3.00 were used to construct the optimization problem and the software GAMS® version 2.0.29.8 was used by optimization problem resolution. The gas phase was considered with behavior of ideal gas and the solid phase was considered with solid carbon. Hydrogen, water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, solid carbon and methane formation data were collected after solving the optimization problem and the reaction heat and syngas production were also analyzed. The maximum hydrogen yield obtained was 1.3 moles in the 1100 K region with 1 mole water per carbon of the substrate (H2O(v)/C(ent)). It was also observed that the greater amount of syngas occurs in the 950 K region and 1,2 of the H2O(v)/C(ent) ratio. An exothermic region and an exothermic region were observed in the reaction heat analysis and in the exothermic region there is a higher incidence of coke and methane generation and in the endothermic region a higher incidence of hydrogen and carbon monoxide generation.Item Análise termodinâmica do processo de pirólise de microalga a partir do cálculo de equilíbrio químico e de fases simultâneo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-13) Viegas, Júnnio de Sousa; Souza, Thiago Leandro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431199944070783; Souza, Thiago Leandro de; Silva, Simone Monteiro e; Corazza, Marcos LúcioIn a scenario where population growth is exponential, the supply of the energy matrix is finite, the processing and use of current sources are extremely harmful to the environment, a new name is pointed out as a sustainable energy source to supply all these issues: microalgae biomass. This is particularly interesting due to its high growth rate, high productivity, adaptability to different habitats, non-competitiveness with agriculture and the results of its processing can be used to produce biofuels, products of high added value of industrial interest, treatment and soil recovery. In addition, we may subject it to a decomposition process to obtain your products (bio-oil, gas and charcoal). In addition, it can be subjected to a decomposition process to obtain its products (bio-oil, gas and charcoal). In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of the pyrolysis of microalgae biomass was carried out, which consists of processing the biomass at high temperatures in the absence or low presence of oxygen. From this work, data were obtained that represent the behavior of the reaction system in chemical and phase equilibrium for different operating conditions, varying temperature and humidity, in which the conditions in which the required products are found in greater and/or less quantities. The method for calculating the chemical and phase simultaneous equilibrium explored was Gibbs minimization, under constant temperature and pressure conditions, by a non-stoichiometric approach. A mixture-model composed of palmitic acid, glucose and glutamic acid was considered to represent the biomass of microalgae. The possibility of forming a liquid phase, simulated by the UNIFAC thermodynamic model, was investigated, using the stochastic particle swarm optimization method, in which the possibility of forming 3 distinct phases was considered, one phase behaving as a mixture of ideal gases, a liquid phase and another solid phase modeled as pure solid carbon. The minimization model was also implemented in the GAMS® software, General Algebraic Modeling System, using the CONOPT non-linear programming solver, in which only formation of solid and gaseous products was considered. The studied pyrolysis reaction was predominantly exothermic, with heat of reaction varying from approximately -32 to -16 kJ/mol. For the studied conditions, there was no prediction of liquid phase in the reaction system. Gaseous products such as H2 and CO2 showed maximum yield, 0.246 and 0.415 mol per mol of carbon fed respectively, both under maximum operating conditions for humidity and temperature, under the same conditions there was a greater potential for thermal energy generation, evaluated by the total heating value.