IQ - Instituto de Química
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Navegar
Navegando IQ - Instituto de Química por Por Orientador "Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto"
Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Otimização da produção de biodiesel metílico a partir de óleos de fritura residuais (OFR)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-05-09) Azeredo, Weine Amorim; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454Waste frying oils (WFO) consist an environmental liability, whose use in biodiesel production of adequate quality is compromised due to poor quality of the raw material. High levels of free fatty acids, degradation products of fatty acids, peroxides, hydroperoxides, metal and large amount of water in the feedstock compromise the quality of biodiesel produced. So the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) as a pretreatment of the WFO using water as the solvent showed an efficient method in reducing the levels of polar compounds. After the OFR pre-treatment with water partition followed by the removal of the absorbed water via distillation under reduced pressure, experimental designs have been performed in steps acid esterification and transesterification alkaline thereby obtaining biodiesel samples with high contents methyl ester (96-98%). For the purification of biodiesel from WFO, the use of adsorbents such as silica and alumina proved efficient in the removal of water and reduction the acidity of the biodiesel, however reduced the oxidative stability. Distillation of biodiesel proved effective in reducing the water content, although reduced the oxidative stability of biodiesel.Item Cerumenolomic applied to Veterinary Medicine for the diagnosis of intoxication and of the metabolic profile of animals(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-08) Barbosa, João Marcos Gonçalves; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto; Fiovavanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana deMedicina veterinária é uma das atividades mais antigas da história humana. O desenvolvimento de novos métodos em ciência veterinária é de grande urgência devido a sua importância em garantir o bem-estar animal, o qual é determinante para a economia global, principalmente em relação aos animais de pecuária. Sendo assim, o desenvolvimento de métodos que permitam uma análise de uma maneira rápida, efetiva, de grande acurácia, indolor e não-invasiva é extremamente importante. Nesta dissertação, um método é apresentado – aqui chamado por cerumenolômica- empregando os metabólitos orgânicos voláteis (MOVs) exalados pelo cerúmen (cera de ouvido) como um potencial biofluido que pode ser útil em ciência veterinária para aplicação em pesquisa em animais de pecuária. Amostras de cerúmen de raças brasileiras de bovinos e ovelhas foram coletadas na Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás (EVZ-UFG) e foram analisadas em um Cromatógrafo a Gás acoplado a um Espectrômetro de Massas por injeção de amostra via Headspace (CG-EM/HS) e, por fim, os dados dos cromatogramas foram submetidos à ferramentas de estatística multivariada. A cerumenolômica permitiu a identificação de 133 MOVs das classes orgânicas polares e apolares como os compostos emitidos por esses animais quando eles se encontram saudáveis. Além disso, com o objetivo de demostrar e testar a eficiência da análise, a cerumenolômica foi aplicada para o diagnóstico de intoxicação bovina por Stryphnodendron spp., uma árvore comum no Pantanal e no Cerrado brasileiro. A cerumenolômica demostrou alta eficiência na descriminação das amostras intoxicadas e não intoxicadas usando dois biomarcadores: 9-Tetradecen-1-ol e 2-Octildecanol. Em resumo, o método cerumenolômico descrito aqui surge como uma ferramenta em potencial para ser aplicado em medicina veterinária.Item Estudo da utilização do óleo de peixe visando à produção de nutracêuticos e biodiesel(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-05) Oliveira, Ingryd Cristina de; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto; Souza, Carolina Guimarães de; Duarte, Gabriela Rodrigues MendesThe use of waste from the fishing industry is emerging worldwide as a sustainable and attractive raw material alternative in environmental, economic and social aspects. Fish oil contains omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFA), ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry, in the production of nutraceuticals. On the other hand, it also contains saturated fatty acids (SFA), usable in the biodiesel industry. Given this context, the objective of this dissertation was the study of fish oil aiming its fractionation into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). In this sense, the extraction and evaluation of oil from Clupea harengus (OR) residues were carried out through physical-chemical, thermal, and chromatographic techniques. Followed by the optimization of the chemical hydrolysis of the oil through 23 factorial design; and obtaining free fatty acids (FFA) using the conditions determined by planning. These FFAs were characterized, and with these results a new strategy of concentration of ω3-PUFA fatty acids was proposed: chemical hydrolysis, followed by crystallization at low temperatures in two steps in the absence of solvents. The research showed that OR has a high content of UFA (71.81%) and ω3-PUFA (17.44%). However, triacylglycerides are difficult to fractionate. The optimal condition for the hydrolysis found is that the catalyst is at 22% m/m; temperature of 90 oC; and reaction time of 2 h. The hydrolysis was effective, with the acidity index increasing from 7.68 mg KOH/g to 172.22 mg KOH/g, and did not significantly affect the UFA content. Two-step crystallization (10 oC and -10 oC) decreased SFA levels by 39.90%, but there was also a decrease in ω3-PUFA of 11.11%. The overall yield was 54% to 60%. The obtained concentrate can be considered a rich source of UFA with a total amount of 83.43%. Among these, 16.17% are ω3-PUFA and 11.78% are EPA + DHA. Thus, the oil extraction, hydrolysis, and characterization procedures were successful. However, the fractionation procedure of free fatty acids at low temperatures needs further studies.Item Novas possibilidades para determinação do teor de biodiesel em óleo diesel para aplicação em distribuidoras de combustíveis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-31) Sousa, Cárita Lorenza Santos; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454; Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto; Menezes, Rafael Silva; Leles, Maria Inês GonçalvesCurrently in Brazil, all diesel oil available to the consumer has a minimum percentage of biodiesel required in accordance with present law, making essential the analytical control of the biodiesel content in the mix due to technical and legal order. Thus, the aim of this study was to propose the use of an inexpensive, easy to perform analytical method suitable for quantification and able to be adopted for the quality control of BX mixes in fuel distributors, which are required to ensure the correct percentage of the mixture and, unlike gas stations, have access to diesel oil and biodiesel originally used for producing the mixture BX. This is required to ensure the correct percentage of the mixture because unlike the gas stations, they have access to the diesel and biodiesel originally used for producing the mixture BX. Five different techniques for quantifying the biodiesel content were tested: points of fog and fluidity, differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence in the ultraviolet to determine the sulfur content and specific mass at 20 °C. Diesel type A and biodiesel samples used were characterized by physicochemical parameters in accordance with present regulations. Among these techniques, only the assay of specific gravity at 20 ºC showed suitable linearity and repeatability, independent of the kind of diesel fuel used. A comparison was also performed between the results obtained with the method adopted by the ANP, which is based on infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that there is no statistical difference between the methods of FTIR and determination of density at 20 ºC, showing that this technique can be applied to quantify the biodiesel content in diesel fuel by fuel distributors.