FD - Faculdade de Direito

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Cultura, território e ambiente: uma análise jurídica da sobreposição de territórios quilombolas por unidades de conservação no Jalapão
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-26) Batista, Leonardo Matheus Barnabé; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; Cruz, André Viana da; Santos, Alexandre Aguiar dos; Rocha, Eduardo Gonçalves
This Masters dissertation studies the existing land legal conflict about the overlapping of Conservation Units (UCs) in territories traditionally occupied by Quilombolas Communities. The overlap occurs, when, in the process of creation and institution of UCs, the territorial rights of communities that reside there are not fulfilled. The case in question will be confined to the conflicts between the quilombolas communities located in the Jalapão Region and the four conservation units that currently overlap their territory. The reading of the land conflicts under discussion will take place in three moments: (a) social cartography of quilombolas communities superimposed in the region, with an exposition of the reports, the vision on the overlapping situation and the cartographic maps elaborated with the communities; (b) analysis of the legal regulations of the specially protected areas created in the Jalapão Region, the environmental currents that underlie the modalities of UCs typified in Law n.o 9.985/2.000, and on the emergence of socio- environmentalism and its presence as an alternative to the classic models of environmental protection; (c) through the debate on quilombolas territorial rights in front of the overlapping of Conservation Units, facing the challenge of re-reading the mythical dualism between nature and culture through the legal analysis of quilombola territorial law in relation to environmental protection policies present in the creation of UCs. The methodology employed seeks to reconcile the proposal of the New Social Cartography Project and the data collected from the quilombolas communities in the Region of Jalapão, to focus and socio-environmental legal reading. There is a need for a new reading of environmental law that is eminently preservationist or conservationist, with the inexcusable inclusion of culture in its reading, following the concept of socio- environmental law.
Pequi, fruto da terra e dos saberes dos povos do cerrado: um olhar sobre a proteção dos direitos do conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-06-24) Canêdo, Natália Silveira; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; Tárrega, Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco; Macêdo Filha, Maurides Batista de
It is the knowledge of much of the world's population that Brazil is a megadiverse country, rich in biological diversity; to have a four of the major biomes of the planet are in our country example : Amazon , Cerrado , Atlantic Forest and Pantanal . However this biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge to this , has been a constant target of intellectual appropriation by the market , mainly from the second half of the twentieth century , with the further development of genetic engineering , which lets you recreate elements of biodiversity elsewhere and consequently the registration of its patent . Faced with this situation , in 1992 was signed by 161 countries , except the United States , the Convention on Biological Diversity - CBD (Regulated in Brazil by Legislative Decree 2/94) , during the United Nations Conference on Environment environment held in Rio de Janeiro , known as ECO -92 . However , under international law the practice of biopiracy ends up being legitimized by the TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) - Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights Related to the Commerce , which was ratified by Brazil . In this intellectual and treated in a purely commercial sense , as another factor for economic development (again the power of the patent) , thereby causing , major international impasses between developed and developing countries property. Given this brief exposition of the topic , this project aims to understand how is the ownership of the products by the market , in the case of this work, and how this demand pequis the law - in the democratic context of recognition and enforcement of the Human Rights of People - a complex attitude under the protection of these (knowledge) rights to overcoming colonialism that historically characterized the appropriation of “real nature” as null things (res nullius) to an emancipatory understanding of the idea of development of people based on use of environmental goods and their intellectual capacities to construct reality.
O novo constitucionalismo latino-americano e a superação do modelo moderno/colonial de apropriação e desapropriação agrária
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-31) Martins, Camila Ragonezi; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; Maia, Cláudio Lopes; Rubio, David Sánchez
This study investigates the New Latin American Constitutionalism and its contribution to the rebuilding of the appropriation and expropriation modern agrarian model. There will be a reflection on constitutional reforms experienced by some countries on the continent, especially Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador, considering that those countries recently rebuilt their democratic political projects in order to make themselves more suited to the multiple social and existential conditions of their people. Indeed, this transformer constitutional movement brought categories that, aimed at priority respect for nature and biodiversity, recognized the identity, the cultural awareness, the specific values and territoriality of the Andean native people, who have been historically put in a subaltern role. Thus, was formally opened on the continent a diverse logic than that modern, colonial and individualistic rationality, from which was built the Brazilian land appropriation and expropriation model. Furthermore, it is object of this work the analysis of the economic model adopted so far of evaluating the land in the expropriations that take place in Brazil, a model that ultimately reward owners who do not give their land any social destination. In this context, this work will try to demonstrate how the New Latin American Constitutionalism is presented as an alternative development project capable of breaking old conceptions of property that, guided by a legal owner speech, give it almost absolute character and a place in the core of the legal system. The central role of cultural practices and worldviews of the continent in the new constitutional texts, especially the philosophy of buen vivir, sumak kawsay, sumak qamaña or ñande reko and the recognition of the Pachamama rights, questioned the modern idea of rupture between man and nature and allowed consideration about alternative ways of relating to the land. In this perspective, the innovations brought by this transformer constitutionalism are able to refound the modern Eurocentric legal system regarding the models of appropriation and expropriation of the land from a different concept of development for the good life recovered from the collective Latin American subjects, who use natural sources in a harmonic and equilibrated way, preserving the spaces they occupy and territorialize and that are essential for their physical and cultural reproduction. The recognition of various territorialities sets the guidelines for the transformation of the contents of land property, which, in addition to commodity and private law contract object, is transformed in collective space where a variety of rights are fulfilled. For the development of this study, we adopt the relational perspective of Joaquín Herrera Flores, that allows reflection on the fundaments of the Latin American land appropriation and expropriation model without losing sight of its relations to the social context in which is inserted.
Subjetividades jurídicas dos povos indígenas e tradicionais e o direito de participação: o caso da hidrovia Araguaia Tocantins
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-02) Moraes, Leandro Campêlo de; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; Tárrega, Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco; Macedo Filha, Maurides Batista de
The planning and execution of projects aimed at the installation of large enterprises in areas where indigenous and traditional peoples live must always guarantee the effective participation of these peoples. Otherwise, the economic development project will not address social development. Indigenous and traditional peoples are subjects of individual and collective rights, with different ways of being, doing and living and occupying the territory in a traditional way, delimiting it by the use that is given to the land by the subjects. The strong link between these peoples and their territories is perceived by the various guarantees of protection they provide, through internal and international legal instruments. Thus, any possible interventions to affect the way of life of indigenous and traditional peoples must be previously informed, enabling free decision-making through the rights of consultation, participation, recognition of their social organization and respect for the self-determination of each people, able to choose which model of development they desire for themselves and for their group. This issue is part of the context addressed by the New Latin American Constitutionalism, which recognizes the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 as the guarantor of legal pluralism and democratic multiculturalism. In this sense, the Araguaia Tocantins waterway project, by failing to observe the rights of indigenous and traditional peoples to consult and participate in decision-making about the development model they wish for themselves, disregards their collective subjectivities and territorial rights. the integrated set of human rights recognized by the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988. One demonstrates how large development projects, by submitting themselves to a strictly capitalist logic, make the participation of indigenous and traditional peoples unfeasible, ignore their interests, offend their dignity and, consequently, violate their rights when they do not effect legal subjectivities of individuals and collectivities. Public policies, therefore, need to be guided by a model of inclusive development that addresses the economic, environmental, cultural and social aspects, capable of integrating all peoples with the model of development to be adopted by the State. The first chapter of the dissertation studies the juridical subjectivities and the right to the territory of the indigenous and traditional peoples. In the second chapter, it examines the exercise of the right of these peoples through the recognition and enforcement of constitutional guarantees, and in the third chapter it verifies how the installation of large projects with purely economic objectives, in particular the Araguaia Tocantins waterway project generates conflicts with indigenous and traditional peoples. The methodological approach performed in the work is descriptive- qualitative-propositive, through the analysis of documents and data regarding the possibilities of participation of traditional populations in the formulation of public policies.
A titularidade das terra indígenas no Brasil: análise do paradoxo entre a Constituição Federal 1988 e o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-30) Nogueira, Marcela Iossi; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236
The thesis proposed here aims to analyze the paradox between the forecast in the 1988 Constitution, which establishes the ownership of indigenous lands as the Union, and the 169 Convention of the International Labour Organization thath establishing the lands traditionally occupied like indigenous peoples property. The pluarl constitutionalism will be the starting point of this study – proposes the reinterpretation of the national state based on equality of cultural relations, as well as recognition and respect to the peculiarities of different peoples and their traditions. So there are two fundamental questions, a) There is an antinomy between the standards mentioned, and which consists in this antinomy? b) What is the cause of this antinomy? The 169 Convention covers as one of its guarantees the right to reparation for theft of property of the tribal people, be they intellectual, material, cultural or even religious. The mentioned law was ratified in national plan in July 2002 and published in July 2003, and before it is born is the issue we intend to address because, when the time of ratification of the Convention, member states undertake to perform suitability of their national legislation and practices to the terms and provisions thereof. By ratifying the Convention in July 2002, Brazil, which in addition to member state of the International Labour Organization is one of the ten countries with a permanent seat on its Board of Directors, joined the instrument of international law more comprehensive for that matter, which seeks ensure that indigenous and tribal societies the minimum rights to safeguard their culture and identity in the context of the companies which, if they wish. To understand the paradox pointed out it is necessary to understand how to check the current recognition of indigenous societies as culturally different peoples with the right to identity and specificity, demonstrating how the history of the development of the country has imposed marginalization of indigenous communities, denying their rights and expunging their populations, and also question the appropriateness of forms of international law to the national legal system considering the particularities of the companies that deal.
O direito agroalimentar em construção: do nascimento no campo aos debates regional e global
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-04) Novaes, Fabiana Ferreira; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antonio de Carvalho; Rocha, Eduardo Gonçalves; Souza Filho, Carlos Frederico Marés de
This research seeks to understand the formation of Agrifood Law and contribute to the construction of an understanding of matter in its foundational and conceptual aspect, taking into account in this process the existence of different realities to those under which this right is rising and structuring. The Agrifood Law that currently stands as a global parameter corresponds in truth to a regional right, built from European localities, with its specific economic, political and social interests. The centrality of the agri-food system in which it is inserted is in the aspect of agricultural productivity in an industrial way. In this logic, the agricultural establishment can soon be understood as an agrarian enterprise. But this industrialized model of production does not correspond to the totality of the productive realities of the world, and in the classical homogenization inherent in modern thought, the practices of development are marginal and invisible. In view of this, it is proposed to think from new epistemological bases, counteracting modern / industrial thinking focused on high productivity, in order to glimpse the diversity of productions existing in the globe. The Epistemologies of the South appear for this work as this new possible basis for rethinking the Science of Law that turns to the agrifood discipline. They corroborate with this intention the guidelines of the critical-methodological, argumentative line, with the accomplishment of bibliographical research. Thus the first chapter aims to present the Agrifood Right that is built from Eurocentric reality. The second identifies that standardization according to this parameter is incompatible with the diversity of the world's agriculture; the third chapter attempts to demonstrate how the election of a standard universal agricultural model masks other productive practices. The latter seeks to contribute to an understanding of Agro-Food Law as a space for convergence of different agri-food systems.
Titularidade jurídica e gestão das águas no Brasil: entre ser essencial para vidas a objeto de relações comerciais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-25) Santos, Sara Cristina Rocha dos; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Diehl, Diego Augusto; Igreja, Rebecca Forattini Altino Machado Lemos; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho
La búsqueda del desarrollo de lo humano a lo humano no fue capaz de evitar los desequilibrios en relación a las aguas, que ocurre en todo el planeta. Este trabajo tiene como punto central la titularidad de las aguas, como bien esencial, y su transformación a “cosa”, dotada de valor económico y subordinada al dominio privado de personas, patrocinado por un sistema normativo de privatización y explotación comercial. Anhela comprender cómo la legislación a nivel internacional y nacional legitimó el avance en los procesos de otorgamiento del agua, que pasó a ser considerada objeto pasible de mercantilización. En ese sentido, se analizan los problemas relacionados a esa apropiación, en perspectiva interdisciplinaria con el Derecho. Simultáneamente, procura demostrar las innovaciones introducidas por las recientes Constituciones latinoamericanas, específicamente las de Bolivia y Ecuador, en lo que se refiere al agua como integrante de la biossociodiversidad y sus configuraciones socioculturales. La investigación utiliza los enfoques metodológicos críticos y cualitativos, tomando como referencia la investigación del discurso neoliberal para apuntar posibles lagunas o silencios jurídicos relativos a la gestión de las aguas. Para ello, se utiliza de las técnicas de investigación bibliográfica y documental, relacionándolas a la idea de subjetividad de la Naturaleza. Buscando comprender mejor el conflicto por las aguas en Correntina en Bahía, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, utilizando la metodología de análisis de contenido por muestreo consensual. Se propone en estudiar por qué ese mundo orientado por una perspectiva capitalista de apropiación de la Naturaleza oculta niega e invisibiliza otras formas de configuración y pensamiento sobre el agua, mediante cosmovisiones andinas e indígenas brasileñas. En esta perspectiva, trata de la comprensión sobre el agua y sus variadas acepciones y simbologías, tomando como referencia la teoría crítica de los derechos humanos. A partir de una perspectiva integradora aborda la conexión entre la Naturaleza, el desarrollo, las culturas y los espacios tradicionales, en una relación de interdependencia entre los seres vivos. A continuación, se detalla la aparición de dos movimientos de luchas por las aguas a partir de los relatos de los casos de Cochabamba, en Bolivia, y Correntina, en Brasil. Presenta el panorama general y jurídico de las aguas bajo la óptica de la relación local-global, sobre las posibilidades de diálogo entre la normatización internacional y el sistema jurídico constitucional e infraconstitucional brasileño. Se demuestra el contraste entre el reconocimiento del derecho humano al agua a nivel mundial y la perspectiva biocéntrica, es decir, de una visión holística de la sostenibilidad integradora del mundo y su relación con la Naturaleza y la cultura. En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados de la evaluación de la calidad de los recursos hídricos en Brasil y sus múltiples aspectos: elementos y bienes, otorgamientos y apropiaciones, sujetos y prácticas, realizando un estudio crítico sobre la gestión de los recursos hídricos en Brasil. Por último, se problematiza la esencialidad del agua y como ella ha sido gestionada en Brasil, bajo la óptica de un derecho legitimador de los poderes de las instituciones, buscando analizar y comparar con las innovaciones denominadas de post-capitalistas de las Constituciones del Ecuador y Bolivia. Estas se insertan en el contexto de nuevos paradigmas jurídicos y valoran las cosmovisiones de los pueblos y comunidades tradicionales que no se ven disociados de la Naturaleza.
Territorialização e identidades: os indígenas citadinos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-25) Silva, Isadora Santos de Sousa; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; Igreja, Rebecca Forattini Lemos; Souza Filho, Carlos Frederico Marés de
The present dissertation, with the theme Territorialization and Identities: urban indigenous people in Brazil, aims to analyze the urban context and the causes of migration of indigenous peoples, as well as to highlight the violence to which they are subjected as a result of not having their ethnic identity recognized. The Brazilian Federal Constitution, promulgated in 1988, the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention 169, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples are legal documents in force and valid because they are part of the Brazilian legal system. In dealing with indigenous peoples and their rights, these norms at no time differentiate between indigenous people who live in an urban context and those who live in officially recognized Indigenous Lands (IT). These legal texts guarantee that the rights provided should be directed to all indigenous peoples, without discriminating them on the basis of their ethnicity or the lands they occupy, since the condition of being indigenous is independent of where they live. However, this differentiation is made by the State, through FUNAI (National Indian Foundation), which has the legal duty to guarantee, protect, and care for these peoples regardless of their village status. The official indigenist policy formulated and executed by FUNAI is directed at the indigenous peoples living in villages, to the detriment of the indigenous peoples mentioned above who, in this way, are made invisible and are beyond the reach of institutional protection, even though this is their right. Indigenous peoples possess identity, territorial, cultural, and self-determination rights, recognized by the aforementioned legislation. In light of this recognition, the present work, developed by means of the quanti-qualitative method, seeks to offer subsidies for reflection on why institutional practices and policies do not meet the constitutional and conventional command and guarantees without reductionism or restrictive interpretation with regard to the identity and territorial rights of indigenous peoples. Thus, in the first chapter, we seek to demonstrate that modernity, as the imposition of the Eurocentric identity, resulted in the negation of other identities. In the second chapter, a study will be conducted on the identity and territory of the indigenous inhabitants of cities, seeking to highlight the relationship between land, specific territorialities and new identities. Finally, the last chapter deals with the institutional refusal to recognize the identity of the indigenous in an urban context as a continuation of colonial violence. Furthermore, the final part demonstrates the ethnic struggles for the reaffirmation and guarantee of the identity rights for all the indigenous peoples that have been affirmed by the aforementioned legislation, demonstrating the plurinational reality in which Brazil is constituted.
O direito à ampliação territorial do povo Inÿ Karajá da comunidade Buridina em Aruanã - Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-25) Silva, Juliana Adono da; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; Igreja, Rebecca Forattini Altino Machado Lemos; Diehl, Diego Augusto
La (in)efectividad de los derechos territoriales del pueblo Inÿ Karajá de Buridina, en Aruanã - Goiás, integra la coyuntura agraria brasileña históricamente marcada por la dominación y explotación de los pueblos indígenas por la racionalidad colonial. Con ello, la investigación consiste en ofrecer posibilidades jurídicas para el derecho de ampliación de su territorio, frente al modo en que éste fue identificado, delimitado y demarcado, es decir, ignorando el proceso de reproducción física, social y cultural de la población indígena local, cuya existencia fue contemplada, a lo largo de ese procedimiento, como si fuera temporal y efímera. El trabajo problematiza la cuestión de los pueblos indígenas como sujetos sociales y de derechos, en relación a sus luchas por tierra y territorio, partiendo de la contextualización de la situación jurídico-sociocultural del pueblo Inÿ Karajá de Buridina, cuyo proceso demarcatorio, iniciado en 1992 (en fase de identificación) y regularizado en el año 2000 (en fase de homologación y posterior registro en la Secretaría de Patrimonio de la Unión) ignoró la dimensión de la ocupación y de la territorialidad indígena que allí ya habían, consecuentemente, dificultando la efectividad de sus demás derechos reconocidos constitucionalmente, a saber: los derechos originarios sobre las tierras que tradicionalmente ocupan, así como la protección a sus modos de crear, hacer y vivir, tan importantes cuando se habla de producción (y reproducción) de la vida. Siendo la investigación de carácter cualitativo, se utiliza como marco teórico la proposición crítica del derecho, inserta en la línea crítico-metodológica, de la vertiente jurídico-sociológica. En el ámbito jurídico, en lo que se refiere a la efectividad de los derechos constitucionales, una vez que se parte de la realidad específica de Buridina, el raciocinio que se desarrolla en la investigación es del tipo hipotético-inductivo. Por último, la investigación presenta la tierra como medio de garantía de la reproducción física, social y cultural de los pueblos indígenas y busca comprobar, partiendo del caso de la vida concreta del pueblo Inÿ Karajá de Buridina, que el ordenamiento jurídico brasileño, ya sea a nivel nacional, ya sea mediante instrumentos jurídicos internacionales que reciba, garantiza la ampliación territorial de modo que la demarcación física, acto meramente declaratorio de derecho, contemple la realidad local, de acuerdo con su configuración simbólica y cultural.
A construção jurídica do Distrito Federal e entorno: como territórios agrários se tornaram periferias
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-24) Silva, Welliton Carlos da; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Dantas, Fernando Antonio de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265365823959236; Maia, Cláudio; Tavares, Francisco Mata Machado
This research aims to investigate how the brazilian law legitimated and allowed extensive land tracks and farms were transformed into urban space where it entered Brasilia. This transformation affected a territory which in the past served as housing for indigenous people and rural communities. Currently, quilombolas and ciganos remained in the surroundings, next to a large influx of immigrants. From the questioning of the use of the terms "region" and "development", contained in the laws, tries to understand how a set of rules (Constitution, complementary and ordinary laws, decrees, etc.) enabled the emergence of a periphery in the Capital Federal. This fact accelerated the loss of rural and environmental characteristics and regulated actions of interest to economic groups, whose concern is similar to private corporations who decided to colonize Brasilia and the surrounding areas - and even the modern capital Goiânia. The Integrated Development Region of the Federal District and surrounding areas, externalized by Complementary Law No. 94 of 19 February 1998, is not effective legal instrument, in that it denies the Surrounding the existence of a fund of funds. The same does not happen with the Federal District, attended by the Federal Government with the transfer of public resources. For this understanding, it was used as a theoretical framework the critical propositions of law, discursive analysis of legislation and selecting a normative content that enables draw conclusions from the theoretical framework to understand the law and language.

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