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Item Perfilhamento e valor nutritivo de pastagens de capins marandu e xaraés[BRACHIARIA BRIZANTHA (HOSCHST EX A. RICH.) STAPF.] sob manejo intermitente e doses de nitrogênio e potássio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-05) AMARAL, Alliny das Graças; CARNEVALLI, Roberta Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6658650497110299; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327The pastures are formed by a population of plants and each plant is formed by basic units called tillers. Management practices allow the knowledge of the processes of tillering. The nutritional value of pasture is determined by chemical composition of the plant and its digestibility may be affected by nutrient supply, the station year and the grazing management. An experiment was conducted at Embrapa Rice and Beans-Midwest Center for Dairy Research, in order to evaluate the tillering and nutritive value of grasses and Marandu Xaraés fertilized with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg / ha / year), from December 2007 to May 2008. The experiment was complete block design with three replications. Data Tiller were grouped in four seasons during the trial period for the variable tiller density (DPP) and three times for other variables (TAP, TSP, and TMP IEP). The evaluation of tillering was held in an area demarcated by tillers known. From the initial population, each grazing were identified new populations of tillers, marked with different colored wires. For the value data nutrition were evaluated in the dry season and water. The collection of samples was performed by simulated grazing were analyzed and the CP, NDF, ADF, lignin and IVDMD. In the review of DPP, there were dose effect (P = 0.0510) and age (P <0.0001), and after the grazing periods, the DPP is stabilized. No differences were found between seasons for the rate of tillers (TAP) to treat 300 kg of N and K / ha / year. In rainy season, the mortality rate of tillers (TMP) were lower the dose of 300 kg N and K / ha / year. The survival rate of tillers (TSP) was higher in water at a dose of 300 kg N and K / ha / year and 200 kg of N and K / ha / year, not different from the other doses. The stability index of tillers (IEP) remained above 1.0 in all treatments and times. For capimxaraés, the linear increase in fertilizer levels stimulated tillering with the increase in DPP to 300 kg of N and K / ha / year. Waters, the dose of 100 kg of N and K / ha / year showed higher TAP. The other doses and times not differed. In the waters between 0 and 100 kg of N and K / ha / year yielded the highest TMP. However, the dose of 100 kg of N and K / ha / year did not vary from 200 kg N and K / ha / year, with intermediate values. At a dose of 300 kg of N and K / ha / year were observed the lowest TMP. It was observed that the pastures fertilized 300 kg of N and K / ha / year had the highest TSP in relation to too, for the waters. The highest values were found in the TSP dry seasons. The stability index of tillers (IEP) remained above 1.0 in all treatments and times. At a dose of 300 kg of N and K / ha / year was observed the highest TSP during the rainy season, although the highest values have been in the dry season. The NDF, ADF and lignin were not influenced by fertilization, but the ADF (33.40 and 31.20% respectively) and lignin (3.93% and 2.97, respectively) were higher in the rainy season. The average CP of pastures were not affected by fertilization, except for CP content pastures fertilized with 200 kg N and K / ha / year was higher (P = 0.0353) during the rainy season. The concentration of NDF pastures fertilized with N were 7.7 and 7.1% lower (P = 0.0368) than Unfertilized, in times of rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The levels Average ADF were not affected by fertilization, but the average content FDA pastures in the rainy season was lower (P = 0.0933) than during the drought. The average content of lignin pastures fertilized with 200 kg of N and K / ha / year was higher (P = 0.0547) than in pastures fertilized with 100 N and K / ha / year (2.27 and 3.86% respectively). The average IVDMD of pasture was higher Unfertilized (P = 0.0476) than that of pastures fertilized with 200 kg of N and K / ha / year, and in rainy season, the IVDMD of pasture was not fertilized greater than that of fertilized pastures. In the pastures fertilized with 300 kg of N and K / ha / year, IVDMD in the rainy season was higher (P = 0.0155) than in the dry season. Pastures xaraés unfertilized grass are prone to susceptibility degradation in the short term and it is recommended fertilization rates above 200 kg N and K / ha / year. Grazing management based on light interception proved valid for pastures that receive manure. Pastures are fertilized more stable compared to the dynamics of tillering. There was no variation IVDMD significantly due to fertilization rates and periods studied with always harvested forage in the same physiological maturity. When the pasture was managed based on IL fertilization affected only the CP. Fertilization did not affect the nutritional value of grass xaraés subjected to grazing management IL-based.Item Caracterização microbiana e rendimentos de corte em carcaças resfriadas oriundas de frangos criados em dois sistemas de produção e comercializados no município de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-02) ARRUDA, Michel Blezins de; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158The aim of this work is to research the presence of bacteria of genus Salmonella on carcasses of broiler chickens reared under alternative and industrial. Furthermore, to characterize aspects of marketing and carcass quality. Were collected 160 chicken carcasses available for sale in supermarkets and markets of Goiania. Of these, 80 were carcasses of chicken raised in the traditional system and the remainder in alternative system. Each carcass provided two samples, one by rinsing and another 25g of minced skin, which were enriched in broth suitable for this purpose and grown in culture media also specific and recommended for Salmonella. Through biochemical tests bacteria of interest were identified. The carcass quality was evaluated by weighing the commercial cuts breast fillet without skin, thigh + drumstick, wings and back, and related the proportions of each in the total weight of the carcass. The marketing aspects were evaluated by applying a questionnaire to traders of the alternative chicken sold in fairs with information the method of sale and production of the animal. Two samples were found positive for Salmonella in batches of alternative chicken whereas in conventional bacteria were not found in any sample. The proportions of the breasts were higher in the conventional system, 28%, while the conventional average was 20%. In the remaining parts studied the differences were smaller. Birds raised in the alternative system had the following results: thigh + drumstick remained at 31%, 14% with the wing and back to 35%. In the conventional system in the same order as the results were: 29%, 11% and 33%. It was concluded that the chicken had higher alternative rate of contamination with Salmonella, the lower breast yield and the carcasses sold in open-air markets, production has been characterized as rudimentary.Item Produção e composição bromatológica de cultivares de milheto forrageiro sob alturas de crescimento e residual(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-22) BASTO, Débora de Carvalho; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327The best height of forage at time of entry into pasture and the height of forage millet residue for grazing are still controversial. This experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Production of the Veterinary School, of Federal University of Goias, in Goiania-GO, from January to May 2009, and aimed to evaluate the productive potential and the chemical composition of three cultivars of forage millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR.) under different heights of entry and of the stubble. The 27 treatments consisted of the combinations of three varieties of millet - ADR 500, H733/07 and H729/07, allocated in plots, three heights at entry (0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 m) and three heights of stubble (zero, 0.10 and 0.30 m) allocated in sub-plots with four replications, totaling 108 experimental units. A randomized complete block design, with split plots andfour replications in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement was used. Green matter total yield (GMTY), dry matter total yield (DMTY), average production of dry matter per cutting, production of dry matter of stubble with zero, 0.10 and 0.30 m, average rate of forage accumulation, and rate of forage accumulation of stubble "zero" 0.10 and 0.30 m were determined. The contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were also determined. Green matter total yield (GMTY) differed depending on the height at entry (HE) and height of stubble, with average values of 25.2: 28.0 t ha-1 and 28.5 and 20.4; 30.6 and 30.7 t ha-1, estimated for the HE and stubble, respectively. The dry matter production increased in the extent that the height at entry and the height of the stubble increased. The average production of dry matter per cutting for the cultivars was approximately 2840 kg ha-1/DM. The average accumulation of forage millet was 61.74, 58.29 and 63.59 kg ha-1/DM for cultivars ADR-500, ADR-500 hp, 729 and 733, respectively. Regarding chemical composition, the dry matter content did not differ among the cultivars evaluated. The CP did not differ in function of the cultivars and HE. The residue of 0.10 and 0.30 m, interactions among cultivar x HE x cutting, averaging 14.0% of CP were observed. The NDF had triple interaction: cultivar x HE x cutting in the stubbles of 0.10 and 0.30 m, with average values of 57.6, 58.6 and 57.7%, and 58.4, 61, 6 and 57.7%, respectively. ADF differed in relation to the cultivars, with values of: ADR-500-35- 5, 729 - 37.6 and 733 - 37.9%. As for the residue of 0.10 m, there was an interaction in relation to HE x cutting, with values of 30.0, 31.7 and 25.8% for the HE of 0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 m. As for the residue of 0.30 m triple interactions were observed: HE x cultivar x cutting, with average rates of (ADR-500) - 31.7%, (729) - 32.0%, and (733) - 32.7%, respectively. Based on the values of dry matter and chemical composition, all cultivars showed potential for use in animal feed.Item Avaliação ovariana de novilhas girolando submetidas ao protocolo ovsynch em duas estações do ano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-26) BILEGO, Ubirajara Oliveira; ORSINE, Geisa Fleury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7281706358384718; PADUA, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375; MEIRINHOS, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701The aim of this study was to describe the physiological responses to the Ovsynch protocol in Girolando heifers breeding in extensive model on Centro-Oeste of Brazil region and to determine relationships with environments factors in two stations, dry and rain. This responses were describe through the characterization of ovarian structures how: (NTL) total number of follicles; (DFOLIPR) mean of follicular diameter on protocol s begin; (DFOLOV) ovulatory diameter follicles; (DCL) corpus luteum ovulatory diameter; (SCL) ovulatory corpus luteum brightness score; pregnancy rates and ovulation rate on day 9 obtained in two year stations. Were utilized 40 heifers 18-24 months age, split in two groups of 20 animals being G1 group of dry station and G2 group of rain station. During the evaluations were found differences for the total number of follicles 8,07±0,25 e 8,83±0,26 in two stations applied. The mean of follicular diameter on protocol s begin was not show differences, but the measure of the ovulatory follicle diameter, have differences for the year stations (P<0,01), being the diameter for the dry station 11,88 ± 0,4mm whereas the rain station was 10,13 ± 0,36mm. Have in this study, higher frequency of follicles that ovulate with 11 to 12 mm on dry station and 10 to 11mm on rain station. The mean of the corpus luteum diameter on the present study not differ among the stations (P>0,05), with10,46±0,41mm for the dry station and 10,49±0,34mm for the rain station, being the higher frequency of CL 11 to 12mm in both stages. The CL brightness score not have differ(P>0,05), being 2,6 ± 0,16 for the dry and 2,31 ± 0,11 for the rain. The pregnancy rate have differences on two stages (P<0,01) with values 45% and 11% on station dry and rain respectively. The THI values differ among the stations dry and rain (P<0,01). The ovulation rate on D9 do not differ (P>0,05) although to have numeric differences. It was possible to conclude that in two stations evaluated, dry and rain, have differences on follicular morfometry and pregnancy rates.Item Identificação e multiplicação de material genético com maior potencial para maciez de carne em bovinos da raça nelore mocho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-01) CASTRO, Letícia Mendes de; FARIA, Carina Ubirajara de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450477933076941; GONZALEZ, Roberto Daniel Sainz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7128624824011246; MAGNABOSCO, Claudio de Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187One of the features that detract Brazilian s beef quality is the lack of tenderness, and that happens because most of their meat comes from Bos indicus animals, known to be less tender than Bos taurus beef. This study was carried out to identify individuals which have higher probabilities to carry meat tenderness genes, as well as mating the progenitors to produce an experimental population to phenotype meat tenderness. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interrelationships among the variables and also to estimate the genetic correlations between meat tenderness feature (WBSF), and growth (PI, PF and GPD) and carcass (EG, P8 and AOL) features. The data were from Guaporé Agropecuária s OB Choice Program. Factor analysis and canonical correlations were used to analyze the phenotypic relationships. The covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated using Gibbs Sampling method. The heritability estimated for shear force trait was of a low magnitude (0.11). Thus, based on the principle of identical genes probability by ancestry to identify individuals which have higher probabilities to carry meat tenderness genes, two segregating populations were formed. A lack of phenotypical correlations between the WBSF trait and the other measured productive traits was also observed. The genetic correlations between WBSF and the other evaluated traits were of a low magnitude, with values of -0.15; -0.18; -0.13; 0.10; -0.12 and 0.18, between WBSF and PI, PF, GPD, EG, P8 and AOL, respectively. The results of this study support the conclusion that tenderness selection will not affect the selection of other economic traits and vice-versa. For a better knowledge of the genetic relationships between WBSF and other traits for Polled Nellore breed more studies are required.Item FRANGOS DE CORTE DE CRESCIMENTO LENTO E RÁPIDO, ORIUNDOS DE OVOS INOCULADOS COM PROBIÓTICO, SUBMETIDOS A DESAFIO DE SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS E JEJUM APÓS A ECLOSÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-31) CHAVES, Leandro da Silva; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, development of digestives organs and recovered of Salmonella Enteritidis in chicks of different genetics lineages inoculated with probiotic using the technique of in ovo injection. The challenge with Salmonella spp and the feed fasting were promoted in chick s moments after the hatch. The birds ISA Label, Hubbard and Cobb were used in the experiments and the probiotic inoculated was based in multiple microorganism s culture. The experiments were designing in experimental random blocks with factorial arrangement 2x2x2 (probiotic X salmonella challenge X genetic lines). In both experiments the eggs were inoculated by in ovo injection at 19 days of incubation with probiotic and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis in first day of age. In second experiment, the Cobb lineage birds were submitted to fasting of water and feed for 30 hours. The data were analyzed by variance analyses and Tukey test. The results showed that was no reduction of Salmonella colonization in digestive tract of chicks inoculated with probiotic. The inoculation of probiotic did not improve the performance of the chicks. Lower index of Salmonella were observed in older birds. In second experiment the fasting affected negatively the performance of the birds and the birds submitted to fasting were more susceptible to Salmonella EnteritidisItem Desenvolvimento de embriões e pintos de corte provenientes de ovos de diferentes pesos e idades de matriz e níveis de aminoácidos sulfurados na fase póseclosão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-01) FERREIRA, Lídia Lopes; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289Aiming to evaluate the effects of broiler breeder´s age and egg weight on the performance, two experiments were conducted using increasing levels of sulfur amino acids. For each experiment, 320 chicks from a commercial hatchery were used. The experimental design was randomized blocks due to the sex of chicks in a 2x4 factorial arrangement. The chicks´ performance was evaluated according to the breeders age and the egg weight combined with high levels of methionine and digestible cystine in the pre-starter ration (0.810, 0.910, 1.010 and 1.110%), in a total of eight experimental groups and four replicates of 10 birds each, The eggs were separated, weighed and distributed in a stroller in a commercial incubator, with constant temperature at 37.8 ºC and humidity between 60 and 65%. Chicks from old and new breeders and two different egg weights were submitted to necropsy, biometry of the intestinal tract (GIT) organs, and intestinal histomorphometry were performed. Blood was collected for glucose analysis at 19 days of embryo, and after hatching, at seven and 14 days of life. The rest of the chicks were submitted to a metabolism trial at four and seven days of age, by the method of excreta collection and the nitrogen balance was determined (g). Other autopsies were carried out at seven and 14 days of life with the performance of the same analyses previously described. The broilers performance was not evaluated up to 21 days of life. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression for the levels of sulfur amino acids according to SAS (2004). A higher initial development was observed in young breeders for both biometry of digestive organs and intestine histomorphometry .This development is more evident in chicks of older breeders. The differences found in the experiment with different egg weights show a better development of embryos and chicks for eggs weighing 70 g. Chicks from 70-g-eggs and 45-week-old breeders were heavier. Average levels of 0.910% and 1.010% of methionine + digestible cystine in the pre-starter ration resulted in performance and nutrient retention more suitable for broiler chicks in both experiments. Based on feed conversion, we suggest the minimum recommendation of 0.810%.Item Avaliação de programas nutricionais com a utilização de enzimas em rações de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-01-09) FORTES, Bruno Duarte Alves; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158The experiment was conducted to evaluate different programs Nutritional supplementation of carbohydrases and phytase enzymes) in broiler diets on performance and carcass yield. We used the test in 2016 male chicks a day, Cobb-500 distributed in 32 boxes of 2.10 m x 2.50 m. We used a randomized complete block design with two blocks (sheds), four treatments, four replicates and 63 birds per plot. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal. The treatments were: T1) Nutritional program Cobb, T2) 4% reduction in metabolizable energy (ME), 3% crude protein (CP) and 10% of the recommendations of the amino acids of T1, T3) reformulated Diet isonutriente to T1 with 200 g / t carbohydrases ( beta-glucanase, xylanase, alpha-galactosidase and Galactomannanase) + 50 g / t phytase, T4) reformulated Diet isonutriente to T2 with 200 g / t carbohydrases (beta-glucanase, xylanase, alpha-galactosidase and Galactomannanase) + 50 g / t phytase. There were no differences on the feed phase integral (1-42dias) created for the different treatments. However, feed intake and weight gain were affected (P <0.05), where the treatments supplemented with enzymes had higher feed intake than the treatments without enzyme supplementation is consistent with the weight gain in the treatments 3 and 4 showed weight gains higher than treatments 1 and 2. It is concluded that the use of carbohydrases associated with inclusion of phytase was effective to elevate the metabolizable energy of diets based on corn and soybean meal, and that the addition of enzymes in the diet of the birds led to an increase in food consumption of 5 , 18%, and improved weight gain of 4.39% and did not affect carcass characteristicsItem DESEMPENHO DE BOVINOS MESTIÇOS LEITEIROS ALIMENTADOS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE CONCENTRADO NA RECRIA E TERMINAÇÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-30) FREITAS NETO, Marcondes Dias de; RESTLE, João; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7559938697233077; FERNANDES, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the feedlot performance of steers with dairy origin, which during the growing phase were supplemented on pasture with two levels of concentrate (high=1% or medium=0,5% BW), and that during finishing were submitted to two concentrate levels (high=80% or medium=50%), resulting into four feedlot treatments, THH, THM, TMH and TMM. Steers from treatments that received higher supplementation level during growth,, were heavier at beginning and stayed less time in feedlot to reached slaughter weight. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI) for TAA was higher than for TMM animals, both not differing from TAM and TMA. DMI expressed as percentage of weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion were similar among treatments. Animals supplemented with 1% during growing phase showed higher (p<.05) initial thoracic perimeter and lower gain of this measure during feedlot, resulting no difference among treatments at the end. Animals that received lower level of supplement during growing phase had lower rump height at the beginning and showed higher gain for this measure during feedlot. Final rump height was higher (p<.05) for TAM and TMM animalsItem DESEMPENHO E PARÂMETROS REPRODUTIVOS DE DIFERENTES LINHAGENS DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-28) GOMES, Natali Almeida; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012It was the objective of this study to evaluate the performance and reproductive parameters of different genetic groups of japanese quails between six and 26 weeks of age. There were used 384 japanese quails, assigned according to the experimental design (ramdomized blocks), considering the initial live weight of the birds as blocks in the beginning of the experiment. The treatments were three genetic groups with eight replicates, in a total of 48 experimental units with eight birds in each experimental unit (two males and six female). The birds were fed rations according to recommendations of NRC (1994), having soybean meal and ground corn as the main components. The variables of performance were studied every 14 days and three incubation trials were done with 15, 24 and 33 weeks of age. For the statistical analysis the proc GLM of SAS software was used and the means were compared by the t Student test. In each incubation study the completely ramdomized blocks experimental design was used, considering the incubating machines as blocks, with 70 replicates per treatment and one egg as the experimental unit. The parameters evaluated were the egg weight, hatchability, chick weight at hatching, weight loss and weight after six hours of fasting. The results were submitted to variance analysis and the means compared by the t Student test (5% of probability). The genetic groups presented differences among each other for the live body weight in the beginning of production, age at 50% of of productiontwere different to body weight at the beggining and age at 50% of production, where the commercial parent line obtained the best performance. The parameters peak persistence, eggs production, feed intake, viability and beak behavior did not present differences among the genetic groups. The live body weight influenced the egg weight. In the incubation trials the commercial parent line presented more weight of the incubating egg and more weight of the chicks at hatching. It was concluded in the present study that there are statistical differences on the performance and incubating parameters among genetic groups of japanese quails.Item Densidade de estocagem do híbrido pintado amazônico (Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum fêmea x Leiarius marmoratus macho) em viveiros escavados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-01) GOMIDES, Pedro Fellipe Vieira; MASCARENHAS, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; GUIMARÃES, Igo Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1959358415883904; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012In order to determine the stocking density for hybrid amazon pintado (Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum female x Leiarius marmoratus male) were distributed in 12 ponds, 570 juveniles with initial average weight of 82 g. The ground ponds of 50 m2 has minimum and maximum depth of 0.9 and 1.3 m. Different stocking densities were studied 0.5; 0.8; 1.1 e 1.4 fish/m2 during 270 days. The completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates, each pond was an experimental unit, and the number of fish per pond varied according to treatments. The variables studied were: water quality, productive performance, biometric indices, glucose and economic evaluation. For statistical analysis, data were subjected to analysis of variance with the statistical program SAS ® (2000), in case of statistical difference was used the Tukey test (5%). Was performed polynomial regression for the different densities. The greatest total weight and weight gain was obtained for the lower density. There was a negative linear regression for body weight, weight gain and feed intake with increasing density. Water quality and physiological characteristics of the amazon pintado were not affected by stocking density. It can be concluded, based on performance and economic profitability , the best stocking density for hybrid Amazon pintado that was 0.8 fish/m2.Item Efeito da adição de antioxidantes na qualidade do sêmen criopreservado de bovino(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-03) GUIMARÃES, Cátia Oliveira; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; MARTINS, Carlos Frederico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1432343540761591; SERENO, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209The function of antioxidants is control the free radicals to improve the quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen. The objective this work was to study the effect of antioxidants catalase, α-tocopherol and sodium pyruvate added in bull semen in order to control the reactive oxygen species and improve sperm quality after cryopreservation. Were used six adult Nelore bulls previously selected from other animals by evaluation of body condition and andrological examination. Semen was collected and immediately evaluated for motility and vigor at the laboratory. After, the semen were diluted with Tris-egg yolk-glycerol medium with the antioxidants molecules in different concentrations. The work was divided into four experimental groups: Group 1 (control without addition of antioxidants), Group 2 (with catalase antioxidant in three concentrations 20 IU, 80 IU and 200 IU), Group 3 (with α-tocopherol antioxidant in the concentrations of 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM) and Group 4 (with sodium pyruvate antioxidant in the concentrations of 1.5 mM, 3.5 mM and 5 mM). After semen thawing the computerized analysis (CASA) of motility, plasm membrane, and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity and measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). It was observed that the antioxidants had no significant effect on most parameters measured, but the lower antioxidants concentrations were more efficient than the control group for the total motility, progressive motility, average path velocity, and plasm membrane integrity parameters. In the TBARS evaluation was observed lower lipid peroxidation when higher antioxidants concentrations were used. Thus more research is needed to determine the functionality of sperm, as well as indentify the optimal concentration of the antioxidants that benefits all sperm parameters after thawing.Item Uso de milheto como silagem comparado a gramíneas tradicionais : aspectos quantitativos, qualitativos e econômicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-27) JACOVETTI, Reginaldo; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327The Brazilian farmers make use of vary forages plants to be conserved in the ensilage form, for supplementation of the animals in the period of fall of pastures. However, forage millet presents as a possible alternative, in view of its potential of production and possibility of culture as off-season cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production and the morph-anatomical composition of millet compared to some forages, to characterize the fermentative standard of the produced ensilages, as well as, estimate the cost of production and the potential of milk production in function of the dry substance of the produced ensilages. The experiment was divided in three phases: (1) Quantitative Analysis: anatomical composition, agronomics parameters, production of dry mass of the used forages plants for the silage process; (2) Qualitative Analysis: characterization of the fermentative process, through the opening of the experimental in different times (3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days) after the silage incubation, proceeding itself the effluent evaluations of loss of and gases beyond the determination and chemical composition and fraction of protein of the ensilages; (3) Economic Analysis: survey of the costs of production of the ensilage of millet in relation to other traditional forages cultures. Millet presented the greater stand with 237,000 plants/ha and the maize without spike with the minor stand a 58,300 plants/ha. Already the production of green mass (GM) of sorghum was raised with 60,400 kg GM/ha, followed for the integral maize with 50,200 kg/ha. The production of dry mass (DM) of the integral maize was of 20,000 kg DM/ha and, of millet, was of 9,700 kg DM/ha. About protein fraction, they not had differences (P<0.05) for the fraction A in the ensilage of millet in the different times of opening of the silos. In the economic analysis, the maize presented a cost of lesser production in function of its bigger income for area. Although millet to present potential of similar production to the maize, the production accomplishes was lesser, what comparatively it would make impracticable its use. So that this either made possible economically is necessary that the raised production either more.Item FARINHAS DE RESÍDUOS DE ABATEDOUROS AVÍCOLAS EM DIFERENTES GRAUS DE PROCESSAMENTO EM RAÇÕES PRÉ-INICIAIS E INICIAIS DE FRANGOS DE CORTE(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-28) LABOISSIERE, Michele; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289In this experiment, the inclusion of viscera and bone meal (FVO) and feather and blood meal (FPS) according to its processing grade was evaluated in broiler pre-starter and starter rations. The experiments were conducted in the poultry experimental facilities of the Veterinary College of the Federal University of Goiás (EV/UFG), located in Goiânia, Brazil. A total of four experiments were carried out to evaluate performance, digestibility and intestinal biometry of broilers fed diets containing viscera and bone meal (FVO) with different moisture levels in processing and feather and blood meal (FPS) with different pressing levels in processing in pre-starter (one to seven days of age) and starter (eight to 21 days of age). In the first experiment, 9% inclusion of FVO with different moisture levels at processing (4, 5 and 6%) in pre-starter rations. In the second experiment, the same moisture levels of FVO were analyzed for starter rations. In the third experiment, 9% inclusion of FPS with different hydrolysis pressing at processing (2,0, 2,5 e 3,0 kg/cm2) in pre-starter ration was tested. In the experiment 4, the same hydrolysis pressing levels were tested for FPS but now at starter rations. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, and the criteria to the blocks determination was the battery-cage, with four treatments and five replications of 12 birds each, in a total of 20 experimental units. The statistical analysis was done using UFV/SAEG (2000) and means compared as Tukey test (%5). Variables tested were: live weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed-to-gain ratio, dry matter, nitrogen and ether extract digestibility, dry matter, nitrogen and ether extract retention and biometric indexes of digestive organs. The results indicated that 9% of FVO or FPS didn t affect the performance results. To prestarter phases, the best results were obtained with diets processed with FVO with 5% moisture and FPS with 2,5 kg/cm2 of hydrolysis processing. For starter rations, FVO or FPS didn t affect broiler performance. The poultry by-products processed for animal feeding can be used without performance lost but is important to know the nutritional processing of these ingredients.Item sanirizaçãp e refrigeração de ovos de codornas comercias contaminados experemente por Salmonella Typhimurium(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-26) LACERDA, Maria Juliana Ribeiro; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; STRINGHINI, Maria Luiza Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3705544548242014; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012The objective of this study was to verify the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of Japanese quail eggs artificially contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium, sanitized and stored at different temperatures (between 5 and 25 ºC) for 27 days. We used 768 eggs with opaque shells (Experiment 1) and bright shells (Experiment 2) with typical pigments of the species and average weight of 11 g. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement (contamination x sanitation x cooling) with six replications, with one egg per experimental unit. The eggs were contaminated by handling with 1.5 x 105 colony forming unit (CFU) of Salmonella Typhimurium / mL and according to the treatments, sanitized with 5ppm Cl a solution, and stored at 5 or 25 ° C. The physical (egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, yolk, albumen and shell ratio, Haugh unit, yolk albumen index), chemical (pH of yolk and albumen) and bacteriological (bacterial count in eggshell and egg content) qualities were analyzed. Results of Experiment 1 showed a inear regression of sorage time (P <0.05) of storage time (up to 27 days) worsening the variables of egg weight, albumen and yolk index and albumen ratio. A quadratic effect (p <0.05) of storage time worsening the pH of albumen and Haugh units. There was an interaction for the yolk pH variable between sanitation and refrigeration (p <0.05) after 27 days, while those for non refrigerated eggs the best result was for sanitized eggs, showing the importance of sanitization. In Experiment 2 (eggs with bright shells) there was a linear effect (P <0.05) of storage time (27 days), worsening the variables of egg weight, albumen ratio and Haugh units and quadratic effects (p <0.05) worsening albumen index and pH. These results indicate that eggs with opaque or bright, had a poorer quality with increasing internal storage time, especially at 25 ° C. Quail eggs with opaque or bright shell, stored up to 27 days, should be sanitized (5 ppm of chlorine) and cooled to 5 ° C during storage to maintain physical and chemical qualities, regardless of bacterial contamination. The sanitization (5 ppm Cl) and cooling (5 º C) are effective in reducing the growth of Salmonella in experimentally infected quail eggs.Item Digestibilidade nos nutrientes da ração e desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com rações formuladas com milheto ou sorgo e suplementadas com enzimas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-02) LEITE, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of an enzyme complex in diets with different energy ingredients (corn, sorghum and millet) on performance of broiler chickens, digestibility of nutrients in feed and intestinal parameters. In the first experiment was conducted a performance test with 1,800 male broiler chicks of the Cobb that were distributed in a randomized block design with six treatments (diets with corn, millet or sorghum supplemented with enzyme complex) with five replicates and 60 chicks each. The variables were body weight, weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake. The results were submitted to ANOVA and means compared by contrasts. Difference between energy ingredients on the feed of broilers at 42 days of age (p <0.05), whereas diets containing sorghum showed the best result. The enzyme supplementation in diets formulated with corn increased weight gain and weight of broilers in the initial creation (p <0.05) and improved feed, total period of creation. In diets with millet or sorghum, the addition of the enzyme complex did not allow better performance. In experiment II, a metabolism trial were conducted (with 420 chicks) and a performance test until 42 days old (1,200 broiler chicks). The treatments were made with diets supplemented with sorghum or millet enzyme complex. The design used for the assay was completely randomized, with seven replicates of 15 birds each for the study and performance of the design was a randomized block with five replicates and 60 birds each. Were also conducted surveys of bacteria gramnegativas and counting the total number of aerobic microorganisms in the small intestine. Means were compared by contrasts and Kruskal-Wallis test applied to the bacteria. Enzyme supplementation did not affect the intestinal tract of chickens (p> 0.05) at 14 and 28 days old. At 14 days of age was observed (p <0.05) lower pH value for the gut with millet and diets supplemented with enzymes. In the diets with sorghum enzyme supplementation improved (p <0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and nitrogen balance in diets and with millet, only the digestibility of ether extract. Feed conversion was observed (p <0.05) in the pre-starter ration supplemented with millet with enzymes. It is concluded that the use of complex enzyme (amylase, pectinase, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, cellulase, protease and phytase) improved performance in diets with corn and had positive effect on nutrient digestibility of diets with sorghum or millet. However, the complex did not provide a change in bacteria counts of coliforms and aerobic microorganisms.Item Contribuição do componente genético de touros da raça nelore avaliados pelo desempenho de suas progênies em teste de desempenho de touros jovens(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-02) MAMEDE, Mariana Márcia Santos; FARIA, Carina Ubirajara de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450477933076941; COELHO, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; MAGNABOSCO, Claudio de Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187Performance testing of young bulls are instruments of great utility in breeding programs and is aimed to evaluate the ability of individual animals regarding weight gain,, earliness, yield and carcass finishing, providing support for selection based on individual information of each animal. The objective of this study was to understand and define the relationships between genetic and quantitative genetic merit of Nellore bulls evaluated and their progenies in Performance Testing of Young Bulls(PTYB). In the present study, we analyzed the characteristics of weight calculated at 210 (W210), 365 (W365) and 450 days of age (W450), pre-weaning and post-weaning average daily gain (PREDG and POSTDG), scrotal circumference at 365 and 450 days of age (SC365 and SC450), ribeye area (REA) and carcass finishing (FIN) that were measured during the Weight Gain Tests (WET). The analyzed data set came from the Nellore participants in the Performance Testing of Young Bulls, which includes weight gain on pasture tests, from integrated crop and livestock production, coordinated by Embrapa Rice and Beans and Embrapa Cerrados. For data statistical analysis, we used statistical procedures available on the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) application and for obtaining (co)variance estimates, we used the Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood method (DFREML), using univariate animal models and the Multiple Trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (MTDFREML) application. Estimates of heritability for all traits showed moderate to high magnitudes. For direct and maternal additive effects, the heritability estimates were 0.37 ± 0.13 and 0.32 ± 0.15 and 0.35 ± 0.12 and 0.36 ± 0.16, for W210 and PREDG, respectively. As for W365, W450, POSTDG, SC365, SC450, REA and FIN, the additive heritability estimates were 0.33 ± 0.12, 0.53 ± 0.14, 0.54 ± 0.13, 0.36 ± 0.12, 0.54 ± 0.13, 0.26 ± 0.13 and 0.28 ± 0.14, respectively. Therefore, these results indicate the possibility of improving these characteristics by the use of breeding animals with superior genotype. Over the years there has been a significant entry of new bulls in evidence of weight gain on pasture, resulting in marked variation in predictions of genetic breeding values. However, there was positive and growing relationship between genetic value of bulls and their progeny. Thus, the results show that the selection of the best bulls based on genetic evaluations was efficient in terms of genetic progress.Item Análise dos índices de classificação de bovinos avaliados em provas de ganho em peso, em confinamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-15) MARQUES, Ednira Gleida; RESTLE, João; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7559938697233077; FARIA, Carina Ubirajara de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450477933076941; MAGNABOSCO, Claudio de Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187Weight gain performance trials (PGP) in feedlot evaluate the weight gain capacity of the animals, making possible the selection based on phenotypical information. Animals are classified based on pondered indexes for productive traits as average daily weight gain, final weight, type or morphological evaluation, scrotal perimeter, ribeye area and fat thickness. Using data from the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders (ABCZ), the aim of this study was to evaluate classification indexes of weight gain performance tests applied to Nellore cattle in feedlot, and to estimate the variance components and the genetic correlations among the traits that compose such indexes. Covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated by the animal model commonly applied in the Restricted Maximum Likelihood Model (REML), using MTDFREML software. Heritability estimates for all traits were medium to high. Genetic correlation estimates were low regarding final weight and average daily weight gain, scrotal perimeter and carcass traits. Final weight, ribeye area, average daily weight gain and fat thickness were considered medium. Therefore, major genetic gain can be obtained when using selection indexes aimed at final weightItem Suplementação com análogo de metionina HMB (2-Hidroxi-4-(Metil) ácido Butânico) em dieta de bovinos da raça Nelore terminados em confinamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-07-07) MELO, Antônio Humberto Fleury de; FERNANDES, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of levels of HMB (DL, 2-hydroxy-4-(methyl) botanical acid) methionine in diets of Nellore beef cattle finished in feedlot. In Experiment 1, 128 male, unneutered Nellore animals, with initial weight of 290 kg (± 20,50), were housed for 111 days (21 days of adaptation and 90 days of experiment) in 16 pens of 77 m2 with eight animals per pen. Isonitrogenous isocaloric diets, presenting 16% crude protein (CP) and 70% total digestible nutrients (TDN), constituted of fresh sugar cane bagasse (13.44%),soybean hulls (41.67% ), corn (18,15%), cottonseed (17,47%), soybean (5,38%), molasses (1,34%), urea (0,67%) and mineral mixture (1,88%), with four levels of HMB methionine analog inclusion were used. The treatments were T0 = control diet (no HMB), T5 = diet with 05 g HMB/animal.day-1; T10 = diet with 10 g HMB/animal.day-1; T15 = diet with 15 g HMB/animal.day-1. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, being the animals divided into blocks according to the initial weight. Final weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, dry matter intake and dry matter intake as % of body weight were not altered by inclusion of HMB in the diet (p>0,5). However, feed conversion (FC) (p<0,05)and feed efficiency (FE) (p<0,06) were affected by the inclusion of HMB in the diet, demonstrating that the inclusion of 10 g / animal.day-1 of HMB is the most recommended level to improve both FC and FE in cattle under these conditions. No difference was observed (p>0,05) among treatments for carcass characteristics, suggesting that under similar conditions to this experiment the inclusion of HMB in the diet does not affect the carcass quantitative characteristics. Experiment 2: was performed after adaptation to the experimentaldiet for ten days in a male Holstein animal, with approximately 200 kg of live weight with rumen cannula. Two samples of rumen fluid were collected with one week interval between each one. The samples were incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12,24, 48 hours at 39°C in anaerobic conditions. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used. Diets and treatments were the same employed in Experiment 1. Fraction a (rapid degradation) of experimental diets was not altered by HMB inclusion (p>0,05). In contrast, fraction b potentially degradable) (p<0,05), fraction c (hourly rate of degradation of potentially degradable fraction) (p<0,05),Dp (potential degradability) (p<0,01) and de (effective degradability) to a passage rate (kp) at 2% per hour (p <0,01), 5% per hour (p<0.05) and 8% per hour (p<0,01) were affected by the inclusion of HMB in the diet. It was found that the inclusion of 15g/animal.day-1 of HMB in the diet positively influenced the degradability of fraction b (76,70%) and the potential degradability (90,60%). However, the effective degradability at Kp 2 and 5% h were favored for all treatments that included HMB, while at Kp 8% h, the inclusions of 5 and 10 g/animal.day-1 HMB showed higher results than other treatments (p<0,01). These results suggest that HMB has the potential to improve the degradation of high concentrate diets similar to this experiment.Item Qualidade física, química e microbiológica de ovos lavados armazenados sob duas temperaturas e experimentalmente contaminados com Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-02) MENDES, Fernanda Rodrigues; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; STRINGHINI, Maria Luiza Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3705544548242014; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467The objective of this study to verify the physical, chemical and bacteriological egg-washed and not washed undergoing experimental infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and stored at 5 oC and 25 oC during the 30 days. We used 768 eggs without cracks and classified as large, hens line Dekalb White, 30 to 40 weeks of age, and 384 for physical and chemical quality and 384 for bacteriological quality. The experimental design was in blocks of two stages and in factorial 2 x 2 x 2 (contamination, washing and storage temperature) with six repetitions for variables of physical, chemical and bacteriological. Eggs were contaminated by handling, with 1.5 x 105 units forming colonies (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa / mL and remained 5c and stored at 25oC for 30 days. Every 10 days were analyzed physical quality of eggs (egg weight, specific gravity, thickness shell, yolk percentage, albumen and shell, Haugh unit, yolk index and albumen), chemistry (pH of albumen and yolk) and bacteriological (count bacteria on the shell and contents of the egg). To analyze the weight loss of eggs at 30 days were used 96 eggs weighed every three days. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial 2 x 2 x 2 (Contamination washing x x storage temperature), with six replicates and one egg per experimental unit. It was observed that the cooling maintained the internal egg quality even when there was contamination in shell with inoculum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p <0.05). It was concluded that the Refrigeration slows weight loss and provides better internal quality, physics, and chemistry of eggs during the 30 days of storage (p> 0.05), independent of the contamination and the washing process. Best values internal quality were obtained in chilled eggs (p <0.05), eggs stored at 5 ° C had lower bacterial counts (p <0.05). It was concluded that the cooling provides better quality of bacteriological eggs during 30 days of storage and that there was more growth bacterial washed eggs and especially the content of the eggs.
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