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Item Fatores de virulência de isolados de Candida de pacientes imunocomprometidos. Caracterização molecular de Candida albicans suscetíveis e resistentes ao fluconazol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-02) COSTA, Carolina Rodrigues; SILVA, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7119226630434725Adhesion to host tissues, production of hydrolytic enzymes, the resistance to antifungals and ability to production hyphal interfere in the infectious process caused by Candida. Resistance to azole antifungal agents, used to treatment of candidiasis, has been observed to immunocompromised patients. Molecular typing based on RAPD-PCR has been used to discriminate between susceptible and resistant isolates to antifungal agents. In this work, were evaluated the virulence factors and molecular characteristics of Candida isolates obtained of samples from blood, catheter of nosocomial patients and from oral cavity of HIV positive patients. The isolates were identified as: Candida albicans (59) Candida parapsilosis (22), Candida tropicalis (14) Candida guilliermondii (07), Candida. famata (05), Candida krusei (03), Candid. lusitaniae (01) and Candida kefyr (01). The proteinase and phospholipase production and the adherence ability were determined for these yeasts. The effect of fluconazole and itraconazole antifungal agents on hyphal formation were studied to 5 isolates previously classified as either susceptible or resistant. The characterization genotypic of resistant and susceptible isolates to fluconazole was carried out for 13 isolates of C. albicans by RAPD-PCR method. The results showed that proteinase activity was detected in 88.1% of C. albicans isolates and in 69.8% of non C. albicans, while phospholipase was produced in 55.9% of C. albicans isolates and in 37.7% of non C. albicans. Isolates of blood were more proteolitic than catheter and oral cavity, while for phospholipase, there was more production of this enzyme in the oral cavity. The ability of adherence to buccal epithelial cell was higher in C. albicans than non C. albicans, however there was not behavior difference between the isolates from different sources studied. The hyphal formation was higher in resistant isolates than susceptible isolates when used the both drugs. In RAPD-PCR method the formation of two different groups was verified for susceptible and resistant isolates being that only one resistant isolate was clustered in the susceptible group. Thus, in this work, it was verified that the exoenzymes activity and adherence ability depend not only of the specie of Candida, but too of the source from host; the resistant isolates produced more hyphal than susceptible isolates under the antifungal action and the molecular characteristics of the resistant isolates did not suggest unique DNA fingerprints did not predicting their susceptibility to fluconazoleItem Atividade antimicrobiana e produção de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico de bactérias isoladas de diferentes habitats.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-17) RODRIGUES, Ariana Alves; VIEIRA, José Daniel Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1742731776579730The microorganisms are essential for the environment and contribute to stabilize the environments, playing a hole in the basic ecologic process such as biogeochemistry cycles and food chains, and sometimes responsible for the maintenance of the ecologic relationship between the organisms. So we have a diversity of microorganism and in consequence bioactive molecules that they produce as a result of primary and secondary metabolism, and are used by humans in many important social-economic activities, which includes the search for new medicines and new enzymes with biotechnology interest. This study analyzed different microorganisms isolated from different habitats, and the objective was select microorganisms with the capacity of inhibit the growing of pathogenic microorganisms and that produces enzymes with biotechnological applications. The isolates antimicrobial and enzymatic activities were evaluated, bioactive substances extracted and the cytotoxic activity with Artemia salina determined. The biggest part of the isolates produces substances with antimicrobial activity for the evaluated gram-positives, and none are toxic in low levels. The isolates are great producers of esterases and β-glucosidades. The isolates described in this study are from four different environments: Cerrado soil, Mata Atlântica, Azadirachta indica A. JUSS (Nim) e cave environment and are related to unique environmental conditions, the majority part of the isolates are able to produce molecules with biotechnology activity, this suggests a great microbial potential for the production of bioactive molecules that can be used in industries and medicine. Key Words: Antimicrobial activity, microorganisms, enzymes, bioactive.Item Micro-organismos envolvidos em infecções urinárias de mulheres com idade superior a 15 anos atendidas no HC-UFG em 2009 e os perfis de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-05-06) SANTOS SOBRINHO, Rosemary Alves dos; REIS, Cleomenes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5103786277121402A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common disease and can occur at any age. The vast majority of UTIs is caused by enteric bacteria. The study aimed to identify the etiologic agents most frequently, the profile of antibiotic susceptibility and the factors possibly associated to the UTIs recurrents in women older than 15 years, cared for and / or admitted to the Hospital of the University of Goias. From March to November 2009, were invited and accepted to participate in the study 923 women in this age group and they were interviewed using a questionnaire about demographics data and risk factors for recurrent infections. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent accounting for 67.9% of the total, followed by Enterobacter sp (6.2%), Klebsiella sp (6.2%), Proteus mirabilis (4.5%), Morganella morganii (4.0 %), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.2%). %). E. coli showed higher rates of resistance to ampicillin in 46.7% patients with recurrent infection and 50.0% in infections nonrecurring; amoxicillin/clavulanate (32.6% and 35.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (30,0 and 25,0%, respectively) and 100,0% susceptibility to imipenem and nitrofurantoin in both groups. Enterobacter sp showed greater resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, norfloxacin and gentamicin (>88.0%) and greater susceptibility to amikacin, cefepime, imipinem and cephalosporins. Klebsiella sp showed high resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin / clavulanate (> 60.0%) and greater susceptibility to quinolones (> 60.0%), amikacin and imipenem (100.0%) in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the risk for recurrent infection or not assessed for menopause, hypertension, hysterectomy, SEL (Systemic Erythematosus Lupus) and smoking. The only risk factor associated to recurrent infection in patients older than 50 years with diabetes. In this study, there was a greater number of E. coli in UTIs, followed by other enterobacteria such as Enterobacter sp and Klebsiella sp. Among all drugs tested, all the micro-organisms, were resistant generally to penicillins, being the most effective quinolones and carbapenems.