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Item Genoma cloroplastidial de Serjania erecta Raldk: variação no número de genes e análise de seleção de genes de plastomas da família Sapindaceae(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-03-04) Corvalan, Leonardo Carlos Jeronimo; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0706396442417351; Nunes, Rhewter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6169806655018346; Nunes, Rhewter; Sobreiro, Mariane Brom; Dias, Renata de OliveiraSerjania erecta from the Sapindaceae family is a plant with medicinal properties. Studies indicate potential for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, gastric diseases and anti-inflammatory use. Although, little is known about its genetic and evolutionary aspects. The goal of this study was to assemble the chloroplast genome of S. erecta, and use it in a comparative analysis with other plastomas of the Sapindaceae family. For this, we sequenced a single specimen of S. erecta from Araxá (MG - Brasil) using Illumina Miseq. The chloroplast genome was assembled using NOVOPlasty v3.2 and annotated using the CHLOROBOX platform. For comparative analysis was used eleven chloroplast genomes from different Sapindaceae family species (Acer buergerianum, Aesculus wangii, Dimocarpus longan, Dipteronia dyeriana, Dodonaea v iscosa, Eurycorymbus cavaleriei, Koelreuteria paniculata, Litchi chinensis, Pometia tomentosa, Sapindus mukorossi, Xanthoceras sorbifolium). The chloroplast genome of S. erecta has a size of 159,297 bp with 132 genes, including 87 are protein-coding genes, 37 are tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. Among twelve chloroplast genomes avalieded, S. erecta has the lowest amount of complex repeats and microsatellites. The structure and order of genes in chloroplast genomes of the order Sapindales was extremely conserved. The variation in numbers of genes was from the 132 genes to 128 genes in the Sapindaceae family. We suggest that three factors cause variation in the number of genes in the family: (1) Inverted repeat region (IR) expansion events cause the duplication of the rpl22, rps3 and rps19 genes; (2) the pseudogenization of the rps2 gene; (3) variation in the number of genes encoding tRNAS. The phylogenetic tree had well supported nodes within Sapindaceae and Serjania formed a clade with Sapindus, Litchi, Dimocarpus, and Pometia genera. Only two genomic regions (ycf1 and ndhF) showed high nucleotide diversity and no one gene is under positive selection (ka/ks > 1). The results obtained in this study provide the assembly and annotation of the chloroplast genome of S. erecta, the first annotation of a species of the genus. It also provides an idea of how chloroplast genomes evolved in the Sapindaceae family.Item Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbico sobre as respostas cardiovasculares e autonômicas induzidas pela estimulação do processo neuroinflamatório em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos: enfoque no núcleo paraventricular hipotalâmico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-26) Dias, Matheus Lobo Perez; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0207928273284808; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1155446449250341; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; Rosa, Daniel Alves; Pansani, Aline PriscilaThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) comprises the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), which are associated with the regulation of the cardiovascular function. Neuroinflammation and the increase of the sympathetic tone are reported as angular stone in the genesis of the arterial hypertension (AH), which is the main factor for modifiable risk for the problem associated with development, maintenance and aggravation in the cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The sympathetic flow is modulated by different elemental nucleus located in the central nervous system (CNS), such as the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Conditions circumscribed to these regions are frequently implicated to the autonomic imbalance, driving force in pathogenesis of the AH. Although the neurons in these cardiovascular and autonomic central control regions contribute to the modulation of the sympathetic flow, the factors that cooperate to the increase of the neuron activity are still under investigation. In the last decades, many experimental evidence related the brain cytokines to the autonomic imbalance observed in different models of AH. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a constituent of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) that acts as neuromodulator and perform a fundamental role in the sympathetic regulation of the blood pressure (BP). Studies suggest that the increase of the PICs expression activates many signaling ways and acutely influence the neural discharge, promoting adaptative changes that modulate the neuronal excitability through genic transcription. On the other hand, the aerobic physical training (APT) is recognized as a preventive and adjuvant therapeutic too in AH management. In light of these considerations, the present study evaluated the contribution of the neuroinflammatory process to the cardiovascular and autonomic responses induced by TNF-α in the PVN of hypertensive animals undergoing a regular moderate-intensity APT protocol. To this end, SHR (250 - 350g) were divided into two groups: I. SHR-APT (8 weeks of aerobic training, n=13); II. SHR-SED (8 weeks of supervision in species-typical physical activity, n=10). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the heart rate (HR) was monitored throughout the whole treatment period with the tail plethysmography (TP). At the end of the 8 weeks, the animals were anesthetized with urethane (400 mg·kg−1 body weight; i.v.) associated with α-chloralose (40 mg·kg−1 body weight; i.v.) and surgically instrumented for unilateral intranuclear nanoinjections (50nL) in the PVN, recording of mean arterial XX pressure (MAP), HR and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA). During the non-anesthetized records, we identified that the APT promoted resting bradycardia observed from the 3rd week of training (SHR-APT: from 488,9 ± 13,1 to 450,2 ± 11,6 bpm; p<0,05). In the fraction of the study where the recordings were performed in anesthetized SHR, we identified that the vehicle nanoinjections (phosphate-buffered saline; PBS, 0.01 M) in the PVN didn’t promote the change in the basal values of the MAP (SHR-SED: Δ -2,1 ± 1,3; SHR-APT: Δ -0,7 ± 1,4 mmHg; 10 min after vehicle, from baseline), HR (SHR-SED: Δ 0,039 ± 1,6; SHR-APT: Δ -1,0 ± 1,8 bpm; 10 min after vehicle, from baseline) and ∫SSNA (SHR-SED: Δ +9,7 ± 2,0; SHR-APT: Δ +4,3 ± 1,7%; 10 min after vehicle, from baseline), in the same way that it wasn’t observed differences between the groups. In the other hand, intranuclear nanoinjections of TNFα in the PVN of hypertensive animals that remained in species-typical physical activity induced an increase in MAP (SHR-SED: Δ +11,4 ± 3,9 mmHg; p<0,05; 50 min after TNF-α, from baseline), HR (SHR-SED: Δ +18.8 ± 4.5 bpm; p<0.05; 60 min after TNFα, from baseline) and ∫SSNA (SHR-SED: Δ +21.8 ± 4.7 %; p<0.05, 20 min after TNFα, from baseline). In SHR submitted to APT, we found that nanoinjections of TNF-α into the PVN did not elicit pressor responses (SHR-TFA: Δ -4.6 ± 2.4 vs. SHR-SED: Δ +6.8 ± 4.2 mmHg; p<0.05; 40 min after TNF-α), nor did they result in sympathetic excitation (SHR-SED: Δ +30.6 ± 4.7 vs. SHR-TFA: Δ +14.3 ± 4.9 %; p<0.05; 30 min after TNF-α), as observed in the sedentary group. Additionally, there was a significant difference in these parameters when comparing the training groups to the sedentary groups of animals. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that regularly performed moderate-intensity APT effectively promotes resting bradycardia while also mitigating the increase in SSNA and pressor response induced by acute activation of the neuroinflammatory process in the PVN of SHR.Item No limiar tênue entre teoria e realidade, sazonalidade e caos em sistemas planctônicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-26) Ferreira, Heury Sousa; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Silva, Daniel Brito Candido daThe Chaos Theory is an alternative tool to stochastic dynamic modeling when target biological systems show irregular and no predictive behavior. The plankton is a model group of organisms to theoretical and experimental investigations in chaotic dynamics due to its intrinsic biological characteristics as small size, high reproductive rate and short life cycle, with the additional advantage of its public interest related to practical problems. In this work we investigated the dynamical aspects of a NutrientPhytoplankton-Zooplankton seasonal forced model, created by means of the addition of the Zooplankton level on a Nutrient-Phytoplankton seasonal forced model that show chaotic behavior, proposed by Huppert et al. (2005). An important outcome of the Huppert’s model is that the intensity of the seasonal forcing is the control parameter of the system. We investigated the zooplankton effect on the stability of the model, and the chaos control by means of pulses in the intensity of the seasonal forcing. Our results show that strong and weak seasonal forcing implicates in cyclical fluctuations of phytoplankton populations, and those cycles had higher amplitude in strong seasonal forcing. Between those two extremes, there is chaos. The zooplankton mortality is a fundamental component of the behavior of the model. In fact, despite of seasonal forcing values that can promote chaotic behavior, the model can show cyclic behavior to some values of mortality rates. This suggests that absence of top-down control in the models built to understand phytoplanktonic dynamics (blooms are only a consequence of this), result in an over-simplification and lack of conceptual comprehension of the system. Our results show that periodic pulses can be able to control the chaos on moderate seasonal forcing, and to promote chaos to weak and strong seasonal effects. The pulses are theoretical indicatives of how climatic changes influences a seasonal variable can to affect the dynamics aspects of planktonic systems.Item Caracterização do genoma cloroplastidial de Caryocar cuneatum (Caryocaraceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-28) Mendes, Millena Silva; Nunes, Rhewter; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Pinto, Rafael Barbosa; Brito, Cintia Pelegrineti Targueta de AzevedoThe Caryocaraceae family (1845) belongs to the order Malpighiales, which has 36 families, 716 genera and 16,065 species. Caryocaraceae consists of two genera Anthodiscus G. Mey. with ten species and Caryocar L. with 16 species. The present work aims to carry out the de novo assembly of the chloroplastidial genome of Caryocar cuneatum Wittm. and to carry out comparative analyzes regarding the structure and composition of the genome with other species of Malpighiales. For this, the total DNA of an individual of C. cuneatum was sequenced using the MiSeq platform (Illumina), paired-end (2x300) with the MiSeq V3 600 cycles kit. The plastome was assembled using the NOVOPlasty v3.2 program and annotated using the CHLOROBOX. For comparative analyses, chloroplast genomes of 8 species belonging to the Malpighiales order (Caryocar brasiliense, Caryocar glabrum, Lophopyxis maingayi, Drypetes indica, Aspidopterys concava, Byrsonima crassifolia, Balanops balansae, Couepia ovalifolia) were used. The chloroplast genome of C. cuneatum had a size of 165,767 bp, composed of a single copy major region of 83,968 bp, a single copy minor region of 11,854 bp, separated by two inverted repeat regions of 34,973 bp. It has 131 genes, 90 protein coding, 33 transfer RNAs and 8 ribosomal RNAs. The rpl32 gene is not present in species in C. cuneatum and in the other two species of Caryocar. The size of the plastid genome of the genus Caryocar presents itself a lot. For the other species, there was variation in size, structure and genomic composition. The InfA gene is pseudogenized in all analyzed species and was not found in A. concava. In the analysis of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations, the rpl20 gene is under neutrality and the other genes are under negative selection. For the nucleotide diversity in Caryocar genomes, it was possible to identify two hotspot regions: trnS-GCU - trnG-UCC and rbcL - atpB, which can be used as possible molecular markers for DNA barcoding. The phylogenetic tree obtained good support values for nodes in Caryocaraceae, validating the systematic position of C. cuneatum within the family and evidence of its relationship with its sister groups C. brasilense and C. glabrum. In conclusion, this study provides the first genome of C. cuneatum sequenced, information on genomic characterization and the knowledge provided here can be used for further studies and technological.Item Efeitos espaciais e ambientais sobre diferentes medidas de diversidade beta em ecossistemas continentais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-30) Rezende, Breno Laio Medeiros de; Melo, Adriano Sanches; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4602365265261727; Melo, Adriano Sanches; Granzotti, Rafaela Vendrametto; Terribile, Levi Carina; Becker, Fernando Gertum; Teresa, Fabrício BarretoIt has been many years since the term beta diversity has been the subject of discussion and application in Ecology studies, and apparently its methodological approaches and applications seems to be inexhaustible, as different measures of beta diversity have emerged over the years. The first chapter of this thesis is a systematic review in which I investigated whether the amplitude of environmental differences is responsible for influencing effect sizes in studies that assessed the relationship between beta dissimilarity and environmental variables in freshwater environments. According to the results obtained, the amplitude does not seem to influence effect sizes. In the second chapter I investigate whether dispersal costs effects in lotic metacommunities are responsible for determining the beta dissimilarity of fishes. The results revealed the influence of dispersal costs associated with distances between locations along rivers and streams for three basins, while dispersal costs represented by the combination of distances and channel slope were only observed in a single basin. Furthermore, for one of the river basins, the influence of dispersal costs was represented by mutual effects of the distance between locations and the total area of reservoirs formed by dams between locations. In the third chapter I investigate whether the latitudinal gradient is responsible for influencing the relationships between environmental differences and beta dissimilarity obtained in square cell format for the entire continent of America using records of distribution of terrestrial birds and mammals. Beta dissimilarity in both terrestrial birds and mammals was explained by environmental variables, but only the relationship between environmental differences and beta diversity of mammals appears to be influenced by latitudinal patterns.Item Áreas prioritárias para restauração no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-03) Silva, Thalline Rodrigues da; Loyola, Rafael Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7649189080736923; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Brum, Fernanda ThiesenIn parallel with strategies and actions focused on the conservation of biodiversity, scientists, decisionmakers, and different sectors of our society have been developing on strategies focused on the restoration of degraded areas. This is a particularly important issue for Brazil as signatory to the Paris Agreement, in which the Brazilian government is committed to restoring 12 million hectares of degraded areas by 2030. Such restoration will be regionalized, and the states of Brazil will need to indicate their priorities, strategies and tools to accomplish such task. Here, we identified priority areas for restoration in the state of Goiás in order to build scenarios in which the retention of soil carbon stock is maximized, as well as the representation of plant species, while seeking the lowest cost of opportunity to perform this restoration on rural landowners. We ran prioritizations following the principles of systematic conservation planning. We also considered the environmental debt within rural properties and, based on that, we evaluated all types of agricultural culture found on the properties to generate opportunity costs associated with restoration. After analyzing 166,635 rural properties across the state, we found a total debt of approximately 1,682,804.1330 hectares within properties’ Legal Reserve. We also observed that most rural properties that should be restored have an opportunity cost below R$5,000. In all prioritization scenarios, areas to the east and northeast of the state of Goiás were considered as priority. Our best restoration scenario captured ~35% of the state's entire carbon stock, nearly 70% (on average) of the distribution of endangered plant species included in the study and a reduction in opportunity cost of more than 70%. Systematic planning for restoration, as proposed here, if carried out in an organized and accountable way, can maximize the connectivity of protected areas within rural properties, bringing greater protection of species and guarantee of the provision of ecosystem services.