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Item Genoma cloroplastidial de Serjania erecta Raldk: variação no número de genes e análise de seleção de genes de plastomas da família Sapindaceae(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-03-04) Corvalan, Leonardo Carlos Jeronimo; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0706396442417351; Nunes, Rhewter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6169806655018346; Nunes, Rhewter; Sobreiro, Mariane Brom; Dias, Renata de OliveiraSerjania erecta from the Sapindaceae family is a plant with medicinal properties. Studies indicate potential for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, gastric diseases and anti-inflammatory use. Although, little is known about its genetic and evolutionary aspects. The goal of this study was to assemble the chloroplast genome of S. erecta, and use it in a comparative analysis with other plastomas of the Sapindaceae family. For this, we sequenced a single specimen of S. erecta from Araxá (MG - Brasil) using Illumina Miseq. The chloroplast genome was assembled using NOVOPlasty v3.2 and annotated using the CHLOROBOX platform. For comparative analysis was used eleven chloroplast genomes from different Sapindaceae family species (Acer buergerianum, Aesculus wangii, Dimocarpus longan, Dipteronia dyeriana, Dodonaea v iscosa, Eurycorymbus cavaleriei, Koelreuteria paniculata, Litchi chinensis, Pometia tomentosa, Sapindus mukorossi, Xanthoceras sorbifolium). The chloroplast genome of S. erecta has a size of 159,297 bp with 132 genes, including 87 are protein-coding genes, 37 are tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. Among twelve chloroplast genomes avalieded, S. erecta has the lowest amount of complex repeats and microsatellites. The structure and order of genes in chloroplast genomes of the order Sapindales was extremely conserved. The variation in numbers of genes was from the 132 genes to 128 genes in the Sapindaceae family. We suggest that three factors cause variation in the number of genes in the family: (1) Inverted repeat region (IR) expansion events cause the duplication of the rpl22, rps3 and rps19 genes; (2) the pseudogenization of the rps2 gene; (3) variation in the number of genes encoding tRNAS. The phylogenetic tree had well supported nodes within Sapindaceae and Serjania formed a clade with Sapindus, Litchi, Dimocarpus, and Pometia genera. Only two genomic regions (ycf1 and ndhF) showed high nucleotide diversity and no one gene is under positive selection (ka/ks > 1). The results obtained in this study provide the assembly and annotation of the chloroplast genome of S. erecta, the first annotation of a species of the genus. It also provides an idea of how chloroplast genomes evolved in the Sapindaceae family.Item Caracterização do genoma cloroplastidial de Caryocar cuneatum (Caryocaraceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-28) Mendes, Millena Silva; Nunes, Rhewter; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Pinto, Rafael Barbosa; Brito, Cintia Pelegrineti Targueta de AzevedoThe Caryocaraceae family (1845) belongs to the order Malpighiales, which has 36 families, 716 genera and 16,065 species. Caryocaraceae consists of two genera Anthodiscus G. Mey. with ten species and Caryocar L. with 16 species. The present work aims to carry out the de novo assembly of the chloroplastidial genome of Caryocar cuneatum Wittm. and to carry out comparative analyzes regarding the structure and composition of the genome with other species of Malpighiales. For this, the total DNA of an individual of C. cuneatum was sequenced using the MiSeq platform (Illumina), paired-end (2x300) with the MiSeq V3 600 cycles kit. The plastome was assembled using the NOVOPlasty v3.2 program and annotated using the CHLOROBOX. For comparative analyses, chloroplast genomes of 8 species belonging to the Malpighiales order (Caryocar brasiliense, Caryocar glabrum, Lophopyxis maingayi, Drypetes indica, Aspidopterys concava, Byrsonima crassifolia, Balanops balansae, Couepia ovalifolia) were used. The chloroplast genome of C. cuneatum had a size of 165,767 bp, composed of a single copy major region of 83,968 bp, a single copy minor region of 11,854 bp, separated by two inverted repeat regions of 34,973 bp. It has 131 genes, 90 protein coding, 33 transfer RNAs and 8 ribosomal RNAs. The rpl32 gene is not present in species in C. cuneatum and in the other two species of Caryocar. The size of the plastid genome of the genus Caryocar presents itself a lot. For the other species, there was variation in size, structure and genomic composition. The InfA gene is pseudogenized in all analyzed species and was not found in A. concava. In the analysis of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations, the rpl20 gene is under neutrality and the other genes are under negative selection. For the nucleotide diversity in Caryocar genomes, it was possible to identify two hotspot regions: trnS-GCU - trnG-UCC and rbcL - atpB, which can be used as possible molecular markers for DNA barcoding. The phylogenetic tree obtained good support values for nodes in Caryocaraceae, validating the systematic position of C. cuneatum within the family and evidence of its relationship with its sister groups C. brasilense and C. glabrum. In conclusion, this study provides the first genome of C. cuneatum sequenced, information on genomic characterization and the knowledge provided here can be used for further studies and technological.