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Item Efeito de soluções de enxágüe na remoção de resíduos de mancozeb em tomates(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-05-08) ALVES, Márcia Regina Ribeiro; SOARES, Nilda de Fatima Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2414704858566970; TORRES, Maria Célia Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2328345152247024Fungicides are the pesticides mostly used the tomato crop. Among the fungicides the dithiocarbamates are the mostly used. The objective of this work was to study the efficiency of the dithiocarbamate mancozeb removal from tomatoes through processes of washes. We performed analyses of acidity, brix, the activity of water (aw), pH and content of manganese for tomatoes. After completing the procedures of the fruit flush with tap water, vinegar, alcohol, and sodium bicarbonate solution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate the level of the fungicide mancozeb was assessed in skin and whole fruit. It was observed that the process of the fruit flush significantly reduces the amount of residues in tomatoes. The reduction of mancozeb was higher in the skin, which are present in highest concentration. The treatments using tap water and sodium bicarbonate removed over 61% of the residue present in the skin of tomatoesItem Avaliação das condições de produção e qualidade de mel de abelhas (Apis Mellifera L.) produzido na microrregião de Pires do Rio, no Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-27) ANANIAS, Karla Rubia; MOURA, Celso José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6006558807438442This study aimed at evaluating conditions of production and extraction of honey produced by Apis mellifera L. in Pires do Rio micro region in the state of Goias. For the evaluation of the apicultural Practice and Good Manufacturing Practices, we used a checklist compiled from the health standards in Brazil, where 29 extraction units were visited. The results showed that conformity index ranged 03-70% and that the extraction conditions interfered directly in product quality. They were analyzed for moisture, acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, ashes, insoluble solids and microbiological analysis of fungi and yeast. Of the 35 samples analyzed was observed that 22 (62.85%) have inadequate quality according to the criteria recommended by Instruction Nº. 11 MAPA, while the nonconformities related to moisture (1 to 35, 2.85%), Acidity Total (9 to 35, 25.7%), Hidroximetilfurfural (4 of 35, 11.4%), insoluble solids (12 to 35, 34.28%), Ash (2 of 35, 5.7%). The amount of yeast and mold counts were also evaluated and from <1.0 x 10 ¹ ² to 5.0 x 10 CFU / g were found. The study results indicated that only 37.14% of the samples are in accordance with the guidelines established by the legislation. It follows therefore that the majority of establishments surveyed have unsatisfactory hygiene conditions and thus do not meet the current legislation with regard to the Good Manufacturing Practices for the production of safe foodItem Clostridium estertheticum em leite cru e em queijos parmesão e provolen(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-10-26) ARAÚJO, Flávia Isabel da Rocha Oliveira; NUNES, Iolanda Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2555738917312914; MESQUITA, Albenones José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3180029815183858The spoilage of semicooked and cooked cheeses and semihard and hard cheeses, known as late blowing, has been the focus of some studies. Some microorganisms already had been related with this spoilage including some species of Clostridium, as C. tyrobutiricum, C. butyricum, C. sporogenes and C. beijerinckii. A new species, C. estertheticum, is being incriminated in the spoilage of cooled meats packed the vacuum, which presents similar characteristics to the late blowing in cheeses, as gas production with blowing of the packing, fort flavor of rancid and presence of acid butyl. However, did not have a story on the occurrence of C. estertheticum in raw milk and cheeses. The present work evaluated 32 samples of raw milk proceeding from country properties of Goiás and 95 samples of cheeses commercialized parmesan and provolone in the retail market of Goiânia, produced in different States of Brazil. C. estertheticum was detected using of the Polimerase Chain Reaction with two pairs of primers, RF/RR and 16SEF/16SER. The effect of the not-selective enrichment of the samples in broth BHI was evaluated, in three incubation periods, five, ten and 30 days 10ºC in anaerobes. The genomics DNA was extracted following the methodology fenol:clorofórmio. The gotten results disclose to the occurrence of C. estertheticum in samples of raw milk (34,4%) and samples of cheeses parmesan and provolone (17,9%). The highest leves of C. estertheticum was gotten in the cheeses parmesan and provolone with signals of spoilage (50,0%) and normal (29,6%) and in provolone with spoilage signals (25,0%). C. estertheticum was detected with the two pairs of primers used in the amplification, being the totality of positives only gotten when it associated the two pairs. The daily pay-enrichment for extraction of the genomics DNA substantially influenced in the detention of the microorganism being the period of 10 days, what it provided better resulted for pair RF/RR. C. estertheticum was found in samples of cheeses proceeding from all the analyzed States, and in raw milk samples harvested in Goiás, what it indicates its dissemination in BrazilItem Aproveitamento de subproduto do beneficiamento de arroz: desenvolvimento de farinha modificada como alternativa para a indústria de panificação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-31) BAIOCCHI, Marise Leão Marques; DAMIANI, Clarissa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8152502284007938; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179Brazil is one of the largest rice producers in the world. The aim of this study was evaluate the best conditions of fermentation and development of modified rice flour with oven expansion property, as well as to describe its physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. In the first part of this study, 12 samples, of broken rice granules, were fermented with different concentrations of sour cassava starch inoculum in different periods of time. The analysis evaluated the pH, acidity, expansion and paste properties. The results showed that pH was influenced by the period of fermentation, but not by the concentration of inoculum in all samples at the same period of time. The acidity was influenced by both variables. The expansion was not influenced by the period of fermentation related with concentration, in almost all samples. Only the sample with 2g 100g-1 of inoculum and 48 hours period of fermentation revealed a significant tendency model, R2 83,3%. There were also relevant differences in the paste properties profile in relation to the control flour (CF) (with no fermentation), in some samples. At the second part of the research, the MF with the best oven expansion capability was compared physically and chemically with the CF. There has been significant rise in acidity, pH and expansion in the MF in relation to CF. The humidity was kept in the limits established by the Brazilian legislation. The swelling power did not vary significantly among the samples, increase of 155% in WSI was observed on MF in relation to CF. The MF had significant loss of protein and ashes and alterations in the mineral profile. Fermentation caused a rise of amylose content. The electronic microscope scan revealed alterations in the structure and surface of the starch granules of MF. In microbiological terms, MF can be considered safe for human consume, with minimum shelf life of 90 days. According with the limits established by Brazilian legislation, it is safe for human consume. As a conclusion, MF can be a new alternative for the bakery industry products with expansion properties differentiated physical and chemical characteristics.Item Extrusão de farinha de feijao hard-to-cook: caracteristicas bioquimicas e propriedades funcionais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) BATISTA, Karla de Aleluia; PRUDENCIO, Sandra Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3338079022825695; FERNANDES, Kátia Flávia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737543228759171Beans are an important source of protein, starch, vitamins and minerals. However, the presence of antinutritional factors and the development of the hard-to-cook effect by storage under high moisture (>75%) and temperature (30-40ºC), decrease the nutritional value and acceptability these grains causing important economic losses. An alternative for the use of the hard-to-cook beans is the extrusion cooking. Heat, water and high pressure in the extrusion process causes chemical and physical changes that permit the use of hard-to-cook grains. In this sense, the changes occasioned by extrusion in biochemical and functional properties of hard-to-cook common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flours of carioca and black varieties and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were investigated. Beans were milled and extruded in a singlescrew extruder with compression ration of 3:1, screw speed of 150 rpm, and 5 mm die. The central temperature and moisture were fixed in 150 ºC and 20% (dry basis). Raw and extruded flours were evaluated for chemical composition, antinutritional factors, functional properties and in vitro protein and starch digestibility. Results indicated that the extrusion did not affect the proximate composition of flours, except the cowpea that presented significant difference among the moisture content. However the process occasioned complete elimination of haemaglutination and α-amylase inhibitors activity and decreased significantly the phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor content. Regarding functional properties evaluated, there was increase of the water solubility and absorption and gelation capacity, reduction of the emulsifying capacity and stability and elimination of foaming formation in all extrudates. The protein and starch digestibility increased significantly in extrudates of the varieties carioca and black. However, only protein digestibility of cowpea was improved by extrusion process. These results indicate that is possible to produce new extruded products whit nutritional value improved and good functional and biochemical properties from these bean varieties.Item Caracterização de farinhas cruas e extrusadas obtidas a partir de grão quebrados de diferentes genótipos de arroz.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) BECKER, Fernanda Salamoni; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253; EIFERT, Eduardo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1970715916178343The objective of this study was to characterize raw and pre-gelatinized flours obtained from broken grains of different genotypes of rice. Were used grains of rice cultivar IRGA 417, BRS Primavera and CNA 8502, vintage 2008. The raw and extruded flours were characterized physically as the expansion index (EI), color, texture, scanning electron microscopy (SRM), chemical composition, amylose content, water absorption and water solubility index (WAI / WSI) and milk (MAI/MSI), oil absorption index (OAI) and viscoamylographic properties. The cultivar IRGA 417 showed higher IE from the extrudates. The raw and extruded flours were differentiated to the parameters of color, browning, yellowing and reddening after extrusion. The raw and extruded rice flours from IRGA 417 and BRS Primavera and extruded CNA 8502 had a percentage higher than 90% of fine particles (˂ 250 microns). The SRM was observed in the presence of raw flours components intact or loose clusters, while in the extruded they presented themselves as a compact mass, amorphous. Extrusion had no effect on ash content and it was only the effect of genotype. The flours had its moisture content and lipid reduced after extrusion, while the protein content remained unchanged in IRGA 417 and CNA 8502, increasing in BRS Primavera. Extrusion increased the average amylose content in flour. The WAI, WSI, OAI, and MSI increased with the extrusion, and the MAL and MSL higher than those of WAI and WSI in raw and extruded flours of different genotypes. The initial viscosity of the raw flours was low, with high peak viscosity and subsequent drop in viscosity and high retrogradation. The flours extruded, low values of peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown viscosity and retrogradation were observed. Extrusion changed in physical properties in most chemical properties and technological characteristics of rice flour, varying, sometimes between genetic materials.Item Isolamento, seleção e cultivo de bactérias Produtoras de lipases para tratamento de Efluentes da indústria de alimentos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-12) BUENO, Pabline Rafaella Mello; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253The present work was to isolate, select and cultivate microorganisms that produce lipases to apply the wastewater treatment industry of potato chips. For the isolation of microorganisms was used for industrial effluent and sewage treatment plant. The selection of the strain producing lipase was performed on solid medium containing tributyrin and in liquid medium, with p-nitrofenolpalmitato. Optimization of lipase production was performed as variables, the concentration of corn steep liquor, soybean oil and different mineral sources. The enzyme extract and the commercial enzyme selected strain were characterized on the optimal activity and stability at different temperatures and pH values and determined the molecular weight of the commercial enzyme. For the treatment of sewage, it has been characterized and has been the optimization of hydrolysis of triglycerides of the effluent having as variables, pH, enzyme concentration, emulsifier and the influence of fed batch and batch processes. Twenty-nine were isolated microorganisms were acquired and eleven research institutes. Of these, four microorganisms were pre-selected for their higher enzymatic activity. In the selection in submerged fermentation, enzymatic activity was the best strain of Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416. Optimization of lipase production was obtained with corn steep liquor (13.8 to 26.2 g.L-1) and sodium nitrate (1.5 to 3.9 g.L-1). In the characterization of the lipase enzyme extract and immobilized lipase from Burkholderia cepacia, the best results were found at 37ºC and pH 8.0. Were stable at 40°C, and thermosensitive at 50 and 60°C. The inactivation of lipases template denaturation followed first order. The molecular mass of commercial enzyme was 33 kDa. For the treatment of effluent, the maximum hydrolytic activity (0.310 U.mL-1) was observed when the volume of 7% gum arabic was set at 3 mL of pH between 7.47 to 7.92 and the concentration of enzyme 0.111 to 0.148 g.mL-1. The mathematical model obtained can be used for batch process and the predictive largest possible hydrolysis of the triglycerides present in the effluent.Item Rendimento industrial e valor nutricional de grãos de milho QPM e de grãos de gérmem de milho comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-07-14) CASTRO, Maiza Vieira Leão de; OLIVEIRA, Jaison Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7342298421214478; NAVES, Maria Margareth Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563181057140270Endosperm hardness is an essential attribute for producers and industries that using corn as a raw material. Kernel texture alterations, however, hamper the commercial use of Quality Protein Maize (QPM). In this experiment, industrial yield was compared in kernel degerming and endosperm splitting and the nutritional value of a QPM variety and common corn genotypes. One QPM variety and three commercial corn hybrids cultived in Goiás were studied. The QPM and the common corn hybrids were processed using the dry degerming method and the resulting yield was expressed as the ratio of the weight of the fractions obtained to the initial weight of the whole corn. The chemical composition and the amino acid profile of QPM, common corn and common corn germ were determined and an experiment with recently weaned Wistar rats was carried out. Four 7 %-protein and one nonprotein diet were prepared. Protein utilization was estimated using the DCF (Dietary Conversion Factor), NPR (Net Protein Ratio), True Digestibility, and the PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility- Corrected Amino Acid Score). In comparison with common corn, QPM presented lower endosperm yield, higher germ and fine fractions (< 0.5 mm) yield, and the same yield for hominy in endosperm splitting. QPM presented similar levels of proteins, lipids and ash, and higher levels of lysine, dietary fiber and iron in the germ in relation to common corn hybrids. NPR values for QPM diets and corn germ diets were similar, lower than the reference and above the NPR values of common corn. The DCF of the QPM diet was higher than that of the casein diet, but it was the same as that of common corn germ and lower than the value obtained for common corn. QPM and common corn germ presented a protein value (NPR) that was 72 % of the value for casein, while that of common corn was 60 % of the casein value. QPM and the germ fraction of common corn are good quality protein sources when compared to common corn protein, and they present a satisfactory yield for use in the food industry as raw materials which add nutritional value to the products generatedItem Avaliação das características físico-químicas e alterações do leite UHT (UAT) produzido no Estado de Goiás ao longo da estocagem(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-14) COSTA, Andréia Di Martins Carmo; MOURA, Celso José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6006558807438442With the objective of evaluating the physical/chemical, microbiological characteristics and the changes that occur in UHT milk (UAT) processed in the State of Goias during its storage for 135 days, a study was done between August and December 2008 with all the companies that produced UHT milk (UAT) processed in the State. Samples were collected from refrigerated raw milk stored in milk storage silos of industry for analysis of their physical/chemical and microbiological characteristics. From each company, twelve one liter cartons of milk were collected for analysis of their physical/chemical and microbiological properties as well as nitrogen compounds and the amount of fat separation from the milk and sedimentation within each sample. The samples were sent to the laboratories of Microbiology and Dairy of the School of Agronomy and Food Engineering at the Federal University of Goias (UFG). The physico-chemical properties of raw milk were in accordance with the parameters established by legislation, except for three brands of milk, with values of freezing point, nonfat milk solids and total solids. The Alizarol test results were normal for UHT milk (UHT) of all brands, except the milk of the mark "E", which has had worst results established by legislation. All milk samples were within the standards for titratable acidity and pH. The density indices were normal, but decreased during the stock. The freezing point values were within the standards, but increased during the storage and the values of total solids and nonfat solids were low and at variance with the laws in UHT milk (UHT) of all brands. The fat found below the minimum content of 3% recommended by the legislation. All results are suggestive of water being added accidentally during processing. Scores were found higher than those established by law for psychotropic and mesophilic aerobic refrigerated raw milk. In UHT milk (UHT) milk from only one mark was at odds as the parameters established by law for heat resistant spores of aerobic mesophiles. It was verified a progressive increase in sedimentation and fat separated from milk during storage and observed age gelation in milk from one brand to 135 days of storage. From the results obtained can be verified that the physicochemical characteristics of UHT milk (UAT), when compared to raw milk source, changed negatively and that the raw material, the type of thermal processing and storage time at room temperature are possible causes for the changes that occurred throughout the shelf-life UHT milk (UAT).Item COMPOSIÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E QUALIDADE PROTÉICA DA AMÊNDOA DE BARU (DIPTERYX ALATA VOG.) DE PLANTAS DE TRÊS REGIÕES DO CERRADO DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-09) CZEDER, Ludmila de Paula; NAVES, Maria Margareth Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563181057140270The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different regions (East, West and Southeast) of the Goiás state in the nutritional composition and the protein quality of the roasted baru almond (Dipteryx alata Vog.), produced in 2008. One hundred and fifty newly fallen fruits were collected of six plants, in each region. The almond was removed from the fruits, roasted and was analyzed for centesimal composition, mineral content and amino acid profile. The indexes Amino Acid Score (AAS), Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and the Net Protein Ratio (NPR) were determined to evaluate the protein quality. A biological assay was carried out with 36 Wistar rats, which were assigned into six treatments for fourteen days in standardized climate conditions. The diets were formulated according to the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G): diet with casein and 7% lipids (reference); diet with casein and 14% lipids (control); diet with baru almond from East region; from West region; from Southeast region; and protein-free diet. The pair feeding procedure was adopted to control the consumption of diets of animals. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and test for comparison of means (Tukey, p <0.05). The baru almond from the three regions showed a high protein (31 g. 100 g-1), lipids (41 g. 100 g-1) and energy (532 kcal. 100 g-1) contents, with no significant differences between the three regions. The almond also showed a high content of fiber (12 g. 100 g-1), iron (3 mg. 100 g-1) and zinc (3 mg. 100 g-1). It was found significant differences in the amino acid profile between the regions assessed, and the amino acid valine was the first limiting in the three regions (AAS between 77% and 89%). The value of PDCAAS of the almond protein from the West region (73%) was higher than the Southeast region (64%). The NPR index was similar between the three regions (relative NPR = 71%). The origin region of the baru did not influence the nutritional composition, but caused differences in amino acid profile of the almonds. The almonds are rich in lipids, protein, fiber, iron and zincItem Efeitos da temperatura de secagem nos teores de compostos cianogênicos totais e fibra alimentar de casca de maracujá(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-28) DEUS, Gilciléia Inácio de; SOUZA, Adriana Régia Marques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3723989528702465; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265; SILVA, Maria Sebastiana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1329422634395496Brazil is one of the world s largest producers of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), that are mainly consumed fresh or used to produce juice. Studies indicate the use of yellow passion fruit skin in jam, sweets, cereal bars, cereals, and cookies especially due to its soluble and insoluble fiber content. Other studies have shown that yellow passion fruit skin contains cyanogenic compounds that may prooke intoxication when ingested above the threshold dose. The present work aim to assess the effects of different drying temperatures on the physical and chemical properties and total content of cyanogenic compounds in yellow passion fruit skin. The fruits were purchased at Goiania´s market and their characterization included visual evaluation of the color, average weight and proportion skin:pulp. The skin was sanitized, triturated, dried at 30°C or 45°C or 60°C to produce flour, in three repetitions for each temperature. The flour obtained at each drying temperature, and a commercial brand of yellow passion fruit flour were analyzed as to moisture, water activity, pH, titratable acidity, and total content of cyanogenic compounds. Yellow skins presenting small green spots characterize ripening stage 6 and were observed in 35.00% of the fruits. Average fruit weight was 142.06±31.95 g, 56.51±11.92% corresponded to the skin and 42.88±11.86% to the pulp with seeds. The increase in temperature caused significant decrease in moisture, equilibrium moisture, and water activity. Titratable acidity and pH results did not show any trends in relation to temperature variation. Taking into consideration the results of the dry products, drying treatments at 30°C, 45°C, and 60°C reduced total content of cyanogenic compounds by 84.98%, 85.75%, and 95.41%, respectively. Yellow passion fruit flour dried at 60°C presented 51.39% less cyanogenic compounds than the commercial brand. All drying temperatures caused alterations in the physical and chemical properties of the final product, but the treatment at 60ºC provoked the highest reduction in total content of cyanogenic compounds.Item Efeito da amêndoa de Baru, Amendoim e Castanha-do-Pará no perfil sérico e na peroxidação de lipídios em ratos com dieta hiperlipídica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-28) FERNANDES, Daniela Canuto; NAVES, Maria Margareth Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563181057140270The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the intake of baru almond, peanut and brazil nut in lipid profile and in lipid peroxidation in rats that were fed with high-fat diet. The effect of baru almond, peanut and brazil nut intakes in lipid profile and in lipid peroxidation were evaluated by bioassay with young adults Wistar rats during two months. The diets were formulated according to American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G): 5 fat diets (0.1% cholic acid + 1% cholesterol + 5% lard + 15% of one the fat sources lard and olive oil [controls], baru almond, peanut or brazil nut) and a standard diet (7% soybean oil). Blood samples were collected in order to determine the serum lipid profile and the samples of the animal liver were collected in order to evaluate total malondialdehyde (total MDA), reduced glutathione and vitamin E. Peanut modulated the lipid profile in rats with high-fat diet, decreasing levels of total cholesterol (TC= 84 mg.dL-1) and triglycerides (TG= 46 mg.dL-1), and increased levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c= 44 mg.dL-1), when compared to lard-control (TC= 217 mg.dL-1, TG= 223 mg.dL-1, HDL-c= 24 mg.dL-1) and olive oil-control (TC= 111 mg.dL-1, TG= 39 mg.dL-1, HDL-c= 36 mg.dL-1). The baru almond reduced total cholesterol (TC= 126 mg.dL-1) and triglycerides (61 mg.dL-1), and increased the level of HDL-C (36 mg.dL-1), compared to lard-control. The brazil nut reduced the levels of total cholesterol (119 mg.dL-1) and triglycerides (57 mg.dL-1) in relation to the control lard, but did not increased the level of HDL-c (23 mg.dL-1). The peanut, baru almond and brazil nut reduced lipid peroxidation (total MDA: baru almond= 92 mmol.g protein-1; peanut= 89 mmol.g protein-1; brazil nut= 154 mmol.g protein-1) compared to the lard-control (Total MDA= 346 mmol.g protein-1). Peanut consumption improved GSH (4.3 μmol.g protein-1) and vitamin E (15.2 μmol.g tissue-1) levels, as compared to the baru almond (GSH = 1.8 μmol.g-1 protein; vitamin E = 10.8 μmol.g tissue-1) and the brazil nut (GSH = 1.6 μmol.g-1 protein; vitamin E = 11.6 μmol.g tissue-1). It is recommended the association of these foods in a healthy diet, or as a coadjuvant to reduce the risk of dyslipidemia in populations that consume high-fat diets, replacing, preferably, foods with high content of saturated fat.Item Modificação enzimática da farinha de grãos quebrados de arroz para produção de alimento sem glúten(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-09) FERREIRA, Suzane Martins; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179The rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a cereal consumed worldwide, and the energy base of food, constituting about 23% of total daily calories and about 14% of the protein. The grains are broken rice by-products generated in the processing industry for the processing of rice and cereals have been used for the production of modified starch to be ideal source of low cost, easily obtainable and allows industrial production. The purpose of this study was to determine the enzymatic hydrolysis of grain flour broken rice flour to produce a modified with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase, and drying temperatures (40, 80, 100, 120 and 140 ° C) in its physical, chemical and technological. It also aimed to develop a product similar to flour gluten-free rice milk, by means of mixture design, using flour as components of broken grains of rice and dried enzymatically modified (FDM), milk powder and sugar. The analyzes in FDM were broken and composition, determination of reducing sugars, glucose, color coordinates, solubility and absorption in water and milk analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The enzymatic hydrolysis at 40 ° C was more efficient using 2U of α-amylase / g flour in time of 2 hours and 3U of amyloglucosidase / g of flour in the time of three hours of hydrolysis. The FDM at 40, 80 and 100 ° C showed a reducing sugar of 111.37, 108.15 and 116.04 mg / g of flour and glucose 83.20, 75.90 and 77.30 mg / g flour respectively, which are significantly higher than the grain flour fresh broken and the other drying temperatures tratamentos.As influence the composition of the FDM at different temperatures, an increase in lipid content with increasing drying temperature and changes in its structure. The FDM 40, 80 and 100 ° C had a content of reducing sugars, glucose, solubility in water and in milk significantly larger than the grain flour broken.The FDM from 100 ° C exhibited characteristics of a flour resistant to shear force, and stable to heating at lower temperatures. They also had a darker color with yellow tones and slightly red in the other treatments. The product similar to the rice flour milk was selected with the formulation 10% sugar, 31% milk powder and 59% of the FDM 100 ° C, and evaluated for composition and quality parameters. The formulation presented with sensory acceptance score of 7.95, good strength characteristics, technological characteristics as an index of solubility in water and milk, color coordinates and nutritional composition similar to milk commercial flour.Item Bagaço e fécula de mandioca na elaboração de farinhas cruas e pré-gelatinizadas, snacks e macarrões instantâneos com amaranto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-05-20) FIORDA, Fernanda Assumpção; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253Cassava is a starchy tuberous root of great energetic potential, and can be used for both in natura consumption and for industrial processing, which generates significant amounts of ba-gasse that is potentially useful as a source of dietary fiber. Studies have shown the benefits of functional food, and that has led to an increase in consumer interest. Extrusion technology had been used lately for the development of new food products. Pasta has been incorporated as part of Brazilian cuisine, being served as a main course or a side dish, in many different com-binations. Due to the nutritional advantages of the amaranth, much research has been made on the use of its flour as a substitute for wheat flour in cooking with the final goal of a more nu-tritious product. This work focused on evaluating the effect of temperature of extrusion and moisture on the physical and technological properties of extruded products made trough mix-tures of starch and flour from the cassava (70:30) bagasse. Extrusion was made with a single screw extruder and followed the central rotational composite design with two factors or in-dependent variables for mixture moisture and extrusion temperature, on a total of 12 treat-ments. It was also intended to analyze the effect of the components on the boiling properties of pre-boiled pasta made of cassava (70:30) bagasse and pre-gelatinized starch flour, cassava starch and amaranth flour through mixture design, and to assess the physical, technological and nutritional properties of this pasta. The properties of the extruded products that were ana-lyzed were: expansion index, specific volume, water-absorption index, solubility in water index, oil-absorption index, activity of water and color. Analysis of texture and scanning elec-tron microscopy were performed on the pasta. An ideal formulation was set and its centesimal composition and quality parameters determined and compared to commercial pasta of both standard and wholemeal flour. Clear products with high expansion and intermediate specific volume were obtained at intermediate extrusion temperature conditions (104,10 ºC) and mix-ture moisture [16 g (100 g) -1]. Acceptance tests indicated consumers rated it very good (7,2 score) with a 42% purchase intention. The results obtained showed that the combined use of pre-gelatined starch and cassava (70:30) bagasse flour, cassava starch and amaranth flour, in the proportion of 10:60:30, allowed the creation of instant pasta with a 3min boiling time, 101,46% mass increase and 0,6% loss of solids in boiling water, besides good physical, chem-ical and technological texture conditions, with 9,37 g (100 g)-1 of fibers, 10,41 g (100 g)-1 of proteins, 4449,09 gf of firmness and a low stickness of 324,19 gf, allowing the use of indus-trial waste on human food and a bigger range of healthy gluten-free products.Item EFEITO DA ÉPOCA DE COLHEITA NA QUALIDADE DO ARROZ DE TERRAS ALTAS SUBMETIDO À PARBOILIZAÇÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-19) GARCIA, Diva Mendonça; EIFERT, Eduardo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1970715916178343; CALIARI, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179This work aimed the evaluation of the effect of the harvest time and the parboiling in the physical, chemical and sensory quality of the upland rice. The BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja were harvested on the 30th. and 47th. days after the flourishing (DAF). Parboiling processes were done with the absorption of 28 and 30% moisture, with pre-defined times. The concentration of total solids, soaking water pH, rice final moisture content in paddy, and the opening of grains were analyzed. The quality of the milling rice was explored in relation to the yield of whole grains, degrees of milling, classification of the grain defects, color evaluation, viscosity profile, gelatinization temperature, amylose content, centesimal composition and mineral content. Sensory aspects were also evaluated, among them, the texture and stickiness of the milling and parboiled cooked grains. The acceptance of the parboiled rice, and the profile of the testers. There was a significant interaction (P ≤ 0,05) between the cultivar and the moisture content to the total solid concentration and soaking water pH. The final moisture content did not show differences (P > 0,05) in relation to the two harvest times, and the higher the soaking time, the higher the opening of grains at the parboiling process. The yield of whole grains result is higher for the cultivars harvest on the 30th. DAF than for the one on the 47th. DAF. The parboiling lessens the degree of milling, despite of the harvest time, and when it happens with delay, it rises the level of defects. The percentage of grains not gelatinised was lessened as higher the soaking time, despite of the time of the harvest and cultivar. The BRS Primavera cultivar and the treatments harvested on the 30th. DAF showed a lighter grain coloration, with no having differences (P > 0,05) between the parboiling treatments, according to the moisture content. The results of the viscosity profile showed significant differences (P ≤ 0,05) between the processing types. There was not a significant difference for the protein content, however, to the content of lipids, ash and crude fiber the values were higher for the parboiled rice than for the milling rice. The phosphorus, potassium and copper content are present in higher amounts in the treatment of parboiled rice. The cultivars are suitable to the parboiling industry, despite the time of the harvest, and are sensory accepted, reinforcing that a strict and intense control must be done during the processItem Influência do tempo de torra por microondas nas características sensoriais, físicas e químicas de farelos de arroz e sua aplicação em barras de cereais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) GARCIA, Marina Costa; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265; BENASSI, Marta de Toledo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7409756675845441; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave roasting time on the sensorial, physical, and chemical characteristics of rice brans and their application in cereal bars. The raw and roasted rice brans of the BRS Sertaneja, BRS Primavera and IRGA 417 cultivars differed in regard to the color parameter, with darkening, yellowing and reddening occurring with roasting. IRGA 417 s raw and roasted brans presented a lighter coloration in comparison with those of the BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja cultivars. The Free Profile made it possible to differentiate the samples by cultivar and roasting time. The longer the roasting time, the more intense were the brans roasted and burned aroma and flavor. The IRGA 417 cultivar was characterized by a less burnt aroma and flavor. IRGA and Primavera were more similar to each other and differed from the BRS Sertaneja cultivar for the same roasting times. The centesimal composition of rice bran changed during roasting, but rice bran may still be used as human food since it remains rich in proteins and lipids as well as increasing insoluble and total dietary fiber content. The roasting process lowered the level of reducer sugar and phytic acid in rice bran. As the quantity of roasted rice bran in the cereal bar formulations increased, there was a tendency toward lower rupture force (0.87 N), less water activity (0.54), intermediate density (0.76 g/cm3) and darkening of the bars (L* of 31. 20). The experimental formulation with the proportion of 0.34 roasted rice bran, 0.32 rice flakes and 0.34 corn flakes was closest to the bar with the greatest desirability. The experimental cereal bars with roasted rice bran may be classified as a functional product due to their high level of dietary fibers. The cereal bars formulated with roasted rice bran levels between 10.15% and 20% were accepted by consumers, varying on the scale between I liked it somewhat to I liked it a lot .Item Estabilidade e qualidade do farelo de arroz sob diferentes tratamentos e aplicação do produto extrusado em biscoito(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-11-06) LACERDA, Diracy Betânia Cavalcante Lemos; BASSINELLO, Priscila Zaczuk; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7932216023958412; SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0920319108540253Rice bran is a by product of the rice milling process. It corresponds to 8% of the total rice grain and is used as feed and fertilizer mainly. The major problem related to its use in human nutrition is the rancification process starting soon after its extraction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability of raw rice bran (RRB), extruded rice bran (ERB) and rice bran obtained after parboilization (RBP) when stored at room temperature for 180 days in polyethylene bags as well as to characterize them and the cookies formulated with ERB. Physicochemical, microbiological and stability tests (lipase activity, hydrolytic rancidity and peroxide index) were performed on rice bran from cultivar Primavera (donated by benefited industry) and on the prepared cookies with ERB using a completely randomized design, with a control and four treatments (12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50% of ERB). All tests were performed according to standard methodologies. PRB presented the highest contents of protein (17.7 g 100 g-1), lipid (36.03 g 100 g-1), dietary fibers (34.06 g 100 g-1), calcium (99.45 mg 100g-1), zinc (15.58 g 100 g-1), copper (1.45 g 100 g-1) and manganese (17.81 g 100 g-1) and the lowest contents of carbohydrates (5,73 g 100 g-1), ashes (7.01 g 100 g-1) and iron (6.83 mg 100 g-1). Lipase activity and hydrolytic rancidity were higher in NRB during the storage period but the peroxidase index was lower. Cookies were well accepted and did not show any significant diference regarding appearance, texture and flavor. Cookies with 50% of ERB had higher contents of protein (18.9%), dietary fiber (213.3%) and ashes (59.1%) than the control. Forty grams of that formulation supplies more than 10% of daily recommended intakes of magnesium, phosphorus and copper. Cookies also presented acceptable microbiological standards according to Brazilian legislation. Extrusion and parboilization are efficient methods to prevent free fatty acid formation in ERB and PRB, placed in plastic films permeable to oxygen and stored at room temperature, but they contributed to higher concentrations of peroxides in those rice bran. Cookies with 50% ERB had a better nutritional quality than those without rice branItem Efeitos dos parâmetros da extração e avaliação da qualidade física e química dos óleos de baru e amendoim(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-15) LIMA, Jean Carlos Rodrigues; TAKEUCHI, Katiuchia Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1724899631394370; SOUZA, Adriana Régia Marques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3723989528702465This work aimed to optimize the extraction of baru oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) by continuous mechanical pressing and assess its quality compared to peanut oil extracted under the same conditions, since both have similar characteristics. The characterization of fruit and baru almonds from southern state of Goiás was carried out, determining their chemical composition. Response surface methodology was used to assess the influence of process variables on the extraction yield and quality of oils. Analyses of moisture content, color, relative density, viscosity, refractive index, iodine value, saponification index, acidity, peroxide index, p-anisidine index and total oxidation value were conducted to assess the quality of the oils extracted. There was great variability in the physical characteristics of fruits and baru almonds, with almond yield in relation to fruits similar to literature (4.54%). Baru almond has composition similar to peanuts, with high energy density (594.43 kcal / 595.42 kcal) and nutrients, especially protein (23.66 g.100g-1 / 32.93 g.100g-1) and lipids (37.19 g.100g-1 / 46.14 g.100g-1). The efficiency of the extraction process was similar between baru (80.85%) and peanuts (81.08%) The process of baru oil extraction has been optimized with regard to yield and parameters tested. In evaluating the effect of the extraction parameters, there was positive contribution from the extraction temperature for baru, showing higher yield at maximum temperature and intermediate screw speed and negative effect of screw speed for peanuts, with higher performance in lower screw speeds, regardless of extraction temperature (p < 0.10). The baru oil color was slightly green (-1.41) and intense yellow color (73.97); peanut oil showed slightly green (-2.49) and slightly yellow color (13.42). There was little influence of extraction parameters on the quality of the oils studied, confirmed by the total oxidation value that combine results of peroxide index and p-anisidine values, indicating process stability.Item Determinação das melhores condições de extrusão e caracterização de farinha de feijão para utilização como ingrediente de alimentos instantâneos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-04-30) MATTOS, Lilian Cristian; SANTIAGO, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265; FERNANDES, Kátia Flávia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737543228759171The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) assumes great importance in human nutrition. It holds essential components to the diet such as proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. The bean cotyledon is a byproduct of the bean industry; however, its nutritional value is kept. An alternative to the exploitation of bean cotyledon is the use of extrusion in the development of food products. In this context, the objective of this research was to produce extruded flours from the common bean cotyledon (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the Carioca type, in different conditions of temperature and humidity in order to achieve technological and biochemical parameters for their use as instant food ingredient. The grains were crushed to a granulometry between 0.75 and 0.85 mm. The extrusion was carried out in full line of extrusion using extruder model MI - 130 plus, screw rotation speed 414 rpm, single screw and long with 02 compression rates and helical shirt. A model 22 was applied to evaluate the conditions of extrusion. The variables studied were temperature (150, 154, 164, 174 and 178° C) and humidity (12.3, 14, 18, 22 and 23.7%). After extrusion, the products milled to obtain flour were evaluated for chemical composition, rate of water absorption, water solubility, ability to gel formation, viscoamylographic properties, trypsin inhibitor activity, in vitro digestibility of protein and starch and microbiological quality. The results showed no significant difference between treatments related to the composition of the flours, except for the humidity. Regarding technological properties analyzed, there was a decrease of water solubility of 33% in raw flour to 15 to 23% in the extrudates. There was an increase in water absorption (9.1 to 23.9%) and improvement in ability to form gels (9% versus 11% of raw flour). Regarding the parameters of viscosity of extruded flours, the initial viscosity increased with the decrease in humidity and temperature and was observed no peak viscosity. The high values of breakdown viscosity were found in median temperatures and high humidity values. On the other hand, the final viscosity and retrogradation of extruded flours were higher when median temperatures and low humidity were used. The process resulted in complete elimination of the activity of trypsin inhibitors and increase in protein (between 11.7 and 26.6%) and starch (between 14.4 and 38.07%) digestibility. The microbiological analysis showed that all samples of extruded bean flours and instant bean soup prepared were presented in accordance with standards established by the Legislature. These results indicate that it is possible to produce instant bean flour, as an appropriate ingredient of soups preparations, baby food and other foods, with better nutritional value and good technological and biochemical properties.Item Composição química e avaliação sensorial de biscoitos elaborados com polpa de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) desidratada(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-28) MEDEIROS, Priscilla Ramos Mortate da Silva; SILVA, Maria Sebastiana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1329422634395496; SOUZA, Adriana Régia Marques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3723989528702465This study evaluated the chemical composition of dehydrated pequi pulp and its contribution on the nutritional value and acceptability in cookies. Forced air oven drying (60ºC/24 hours) was used to dehydrate the pequi pulp in three repetitions. Five cookie formulations were developed with dehydrated pulp concentrations of 0% (BPA), 5% (BP5), 10% (BP10), 15% (BP15) and 20% (BP20). The centesimal composition and energy value of bleached pulp, dehydrated pulp and the cookies were determined. The fatty acid profile of the dehydrated pulp was also determined. The cookies were analyzed according to preference, acceptability, physical characteristics and microbiological quality. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Tukey, Friedman and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests at a 5% significance level. Bleached pequi pulp and dehydrated pequi pulp are rich in lipids (19.39g.100g-1 and 50.79g.100g-1) and dietary fiber (7.45g.100g-1 and 26.68g.100g-1). The energy value of dehydrated pulp was almost three times that of the bleached pulp (204.8 e 525.1 kcal.100g-1). The dehydrated pulp contained 40.53% saturated fatty acids and 51.21% unsaturated fatty acids, with a predominance of oleic acid (47.94%) and palmitic acid (34.45%). The cookie formulations contained 8.16 to 8.90g.100g-1 of moisture, 8.66 to 8.91g.100g-1 of proteins, 12.35 to 13.25g.100g-1 of lipids and from 1.20 to 1.41g.100g-1 of ash. The level of dietary fiber increased significantly with the addition of dehydrated pulp, varying from 2.12 to 5.11g.100g-1 (p<0.05). The cookies energy value varied from 404.6 to 414.0 kcal.100g-1. The width and spread factor of the cookies decreased with the increase in the concentration of the dehydrated pequi pulp. There was no significant difference among the samples as far as preference was concerned. The cookies had good acceptability in regard to appearance, flavor and microbiological quality within the legally established limits. In conclusion, cookies made with dehydrated pequi pulp are a product with good nutritional potential and good acceptability