Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas
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Item Potencial genético de linhagens elite de feijoeiro-comum para fixação biológica de nitrogênio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-04-07) Dias, Polianna Alves Silva; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6292879655540619; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Pereira, Helton Santos; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis Júnior, Fábio Bueno dosIn species rich in protein, like common bean, the nitrogen is considered as the most limiting nutrient in the development of the crop. One way to acquire the N by common bean is through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Despite its importance, there are no studies aiming the selection of common bean genotypes under rhizobia inoculation in multiple environments. Thus, the objectives of this studies were: to study the effect of interaction (GxF) of common bean elite lines with nitrogen fertilization and/or rhizobia inoculation; to select lines with high grain yield adaptability and stability and high agronomic performance when inoculated with rhizobia; to assess the variability of the elite lines for the nodulation traits; and to identify lines with superior nodulation traits under BNF cultivation. They were evaluated 19 carioca genotypes and 15 of the black group, in trials conducted separately by grain group. At first, experiments for the evaluation of agronomic traits were conducted at the states of Goiás, Paraná, Mato Grosso and at Distrito Federal, in three sowing seasons (rainy, winter and dry), in 2011 and 2012. Two trials were installed at each environment (location/sowing season/year), one with mineral nitrogen fertilization (80 kg N ha-1) and another with the inoculation of the seeds with Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei strains. The grain yield, sieve yield, 100 grains weight, plant architecture, lodging tolerance and the reaction to anthracnose and angular leaf spot were evaluated. Then, the lines were evaluated during rainy/2013 and winter/2014 seasons, at Santo Antônio de Goiás/GO, under rhizobia inoculation and nitrogen fertilization, in which they were assessed the nodule number, nodule dry and specific weight, nodules activity and shoot dry weight. The relative nodulation index was used on the selection of lines for the nodulation traits. Individual and combined analyses of variance were performed and they were estimated the Spearman correlations and the coincidence index on the selection of the best 30% lines with inoculation and with N fertilization. Grain yield adaptability and stability analyses were performed by the Nunes graphical method. Even though the interaction GxF was significant for some traits in both grain groups, it did not influence on the selection of the best genotypes. The lines of both groups are more productive when fertilized with mineral N, however, the carioca lines lodge less under BNF. The carioca line CNFC 15086 and the cultivars of black group BRS FP403 and BRS Esteio are indicated for cultivation under both N sources. The lines of both grain groups show higher performance for nodulation traits when inoculated. The genotypes BRS Sublime, CNFC 15010 and CNFC 15003 of the carioca group, and BRS Campeiro and CNFP 15177 of the black group are selected for the nodulation traits.Item Estratégias de melhoramento do feijoeiro-comum para altos teores de ferro e zinco(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Martins, Saulo Muniz; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763166D1; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766267Z4; Pereira, Helton Santos; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Colombari Filho, José Manoel; Melo, Leonardo CunhaDuring 85 years, the common beans breeding was dedicated efforts to important agronomic, industrial and cooking traits. During this period, the nutritional quality of primary food was not worked. However, with malnutrition rates rising, research entities directed resources in this new strategy, known as biofortification. The objectives of this study were: to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters among inbred lines for iron (TFe) and zinc content (TZn) in grain; verify the presence of genotypes with environments interaction for TFe and TZn in the grain; select strains that add both high nutritional quality in the grain and high agronomic potential; check for genetic relationship between TFe and the TZn; and verify the need for testing in various environments for TFe and TZn. Initially, 140 lines were evaluated, 68 of carioca, 30 black, 16 pinto, 14 early carioca and 12 purple type. Each preliminary test was carried out separately by grain type, in some environments, in 2011 year, in case blocks with three replications. Agronomic traits were evaluated in multiple environments and levels of iron and zinc, in one of these environments. Individual analyses of variance were performed and estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters for commercial grain type. Of the 140 lines evaluated were initially identified 22 with high TFe and TZn in the grain, to compose the validation test, which was installed in 2013 year in five environments, in a randomized block design, with two replications for evaluation of TFe and TZn. The data were submitted to individual variance analysis and joint analysis. Also adaptability and phenotypic stability was evaluated using the method of Nunes et al. (2005). Estimates were obtained from phenotypic and genetic correlations between TFe and TZn in grain, correlation between environments estimates were also obtained to identify the most representative. The condition for selection of inbred lines with higher TFe and TZn the grain is favorable, as showed high heritability and expressive expected gains with the selection. There was a predominance of the interaction of simple type between TFe and TZn with the environments. The inbred lines CNFP 15701, CNFC 15865, CNFM 15632 and CNFRx 15602 are indicated as parents in developing cultivars, for added good nutritional composition in the grain. The inbred lines CNFC 15833, CNFC 15703, CNFP 15676 and CNFRx 15602 been selected as candidates in developing biofortified crops because allied agronomic and nutritional characters. Was detected positive genetic association and intermediate magnitude between TFe and TZn in common bean grain. The environment Ponta Grossa-PR in the dry season, It was nominated as the best review site for nutritional characters. The display of biofortified cultivate cultivation environment should be considered, since this strongly influences the expression of genetic potential.Item Desempenho de famílias de feijoeiro-comum de uma população de seleção recorrente para resistência ao crestamento bacteriano comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-08-30) Silva, Helton Salles da; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Silva, Fernanda de CássiaThe common bean culture (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plays an important role in human feeding and its use occurs in a wide range of planting’s systems. Therefore, it is indeed necessary to develop cultivars adapted to these different systems and which serves both the needs of producers and consumers. Different factors have contributed to decrease the crop yield, among these, we highlight the common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. Fuscans. In this sense, the main objectives of the present study was to: (i) evaluate the genetic potential and to select superior progenies from a population of recurrent selection for resistance to CBB in common bean of the black commercial group; (ii) study the adaptability and stability of families S0:4, S0:5 and S0:6 in different environments; (iii) estimate the genetic gains obtained with the selection of the ten best families; and (iv) select families that are resistant to CBB while associated to other variables of agronomic importance such as grain yield, plant bedding and resistance to anthracnose. Sixty families of a C0 population were evaluated in the years 2015 and 2016 in different environments, in randomized blocks design with three replicates. After the evaluations, analyzes of individual and joint variance were performed, as well as the application of the ranks sum index using “Genes” software. Subsequently, analyzes of adaptability and phenotypic stability were performed in the selected families, using the methodology of Nunes et al. From the simultaneous selection for grain yield and resistance to CBB, ten families considered more promising were selected. Then, a new selection was made, including the plant bedding criteria and, lastly, the variable anthracnose resistance was included. Selection gains were obtained for all the variables. Most of the selected families presented better individual results in relation to the resistance to CBB variable. And the great majority of the selected families presented themselves adapted and stable, mainly in comparison with other bean treatments. Among the families with the best performance, the families SRCP.55 and SRCP.318 were highlighted for grain yield, resistance to CBB and anthracnose. By selecting these families, it is expected that they may be used in hybridization stages carried out in new studies, either as parents in other programs as sources of resistance to CBB, or in their use as new cultivars.