Navegando por Assunto "management"
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Item Um modelo de gestão de resíduos sólidos: aplicação em indústria de artefatos e pré-moldados de concreto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-04) MELO, Tatiane Medeiros; TUBINO, Rejane Maria Candiota; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5775852172717383; ARAÚJO, Daniel de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801080897723883The productive chain of the construction industry is responsible for many positive and negative impacts on the built environment. One of the negative impacts refers to the high amount of waste produced, which can be reduced through the industrialization of construction, that is, through the reduction of services at construction sites and transferring them to the factories. In this sense, the use of prefabricated structures may reduce the production of waste arising from the implementation phase of structures, such as molds and buttresses. However, if the production of the prefabricated elements in plants is not properly planned, the problems of waste production can be transferred from construction site for the industry environment. This fact was observed in some industries of artifacts and pre-molded concrete. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology for solid waste management through the integration of the methodologies of environmental management system, cleaner production and suggestion already published of project management of construction waste envisaged by Resolution nº 307 Conama and applies this methodology in an industry artifacts and pre-cast concrete. For this, two processes of an industry of Goiânia were selected, which served as a pilot in the implementation of model solid waste management proposed. By implementing this model, it was possible to quantify the waste produced in the processes studied, as well as make significant improvements in its characterization, segregation, packaging, transportation and disposal through the implementation of opportunities for cleaner production highlighted. Moreover, mechanisms were created for the own employees were responsible for maintaining the proposed activities. As result of this study, a database about the chain of waste in the processes studied was produced, which can be used in future for the proposition of other opportunities for cleaner production in industry studied. Still, the methodology of waste management proposal can serve as a model for replication in other industries of artifacts and pre-cast concreteItem Impacto de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária na qualidade física do solo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) SANTOS, Glenio Guimarães; MARCHÃO, Robélio Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8221411455171332; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325When the agricultural usage becomes more intensive, the soil-water physical attributes can undergo significant modifications which are generally adverse to plant growth. The changes can be rather easily detected when the cultivated systems are compared with the same soil still under natural Cerrado vegetation. The use of the system of crop-livestock integration can lead to marked changes in the physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes that can affect the development and hence the productivity of the crops that come after the pasture. This study aimed at analyzing quantitatively by means of attributes of soil-water relations, the main changes in soil quality, resulting from long-term soil usage under integrated crop-livestock, conducted in Cerrado area. The study was carried out by sampling soil trenches dug in the Capivara Farm of Embrapa Rice and Beans, as well as, in a private farm, located nearby Embrapa property. The trenches were sampled in the following depths: 2.5-7.5 cm, 12.5-17.5 cm, 22.5-27.5 cm, 42.5-47.5 cm, 72.5-77.5 cm and 142.5-147.5 cm. The evaluations were carried in six production systems, with an average of 13.5 ha in each area, being characterized by its current usage as: P1 system (Brachiaria brizantha grazing managed for four years); P2 system (Brachiaria brizantha grazing managed for two years); P3 system (Brachiaria brizantha grazing managed for three years); C1 system (soybean under no-tillage); C2 system (rice under conventional tillage) and C3 system (maize + Brachiaria brizantha under no-tillage). It was also used a seventh area, kept under continuous grazing with Brachiaria decumbens managed for 19 years, identified as CP, and an eighth area of the native cerrado vegetation, identified as CE. Generally, the soil-water physical attributes, and among them, the soilwater retention curves and the respective S-index values are altered when managed with agricultural implements and animal grazing in comparison to native cerrado area, considered in this study as a reference area. The use of S-index to evaluate the soil physical quality from the point of view of its structure quality by means of the soil-water retention curve can be a viable option, since it does not have some of the restrictions found by using other soil quality indicators. However, its use requires a greater number of regionalized investigations for different tillage systems and crops, soil types, climate, soil biological activity, among others, in order to relate the critical values with average productivity, so it can used safely to appraise the "effective" soil physical qualityItem Estudo da aplicação do resíduo de decantador de ETA como auxiliar de floculação no tratamento de água(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-06-21) SOUZA, Leonora Milagre de; SCALIZE, Paulo Sergio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207The residue generated in Water Treatment Plant (WTP) are derived from different stages of water treatment, especially the discharge of decanters. The most common practice in Brazil is the residue disposal directly into rivers, causing negative impacts to the environment. In general, the WTP have difficulties in managing the residue because the high costs of transportation and disposal, the steady increase in the consumption of chemicals, among other complicating factors. Aiming to reduce the coagulant used in the process and improving the characteristics of the residues for the outflow, this research examined the effects of biosolids application decanter of WTP in the processes of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation of water treatment. Through laboratory tests, using Jar Test, there were three series of tests, each one using gross water with distinct turbidity. In these trials were used differents dosages of aluminum sulfate and applied to WTP samples with different concentrations of total solids suspended (TSS). After the Jar Test, the decanted water was characterized as turbidity and color, solids and coliforms were not found significant changes in their quality. For most situations, the residue application in treatment has reduced the coagulant in the range 50% to 60%. The increased turbidity of gross water allowed the application of more concentrated residue without reducing the efficiency of treatment in terms of turbidity removal. Regarding the sedimented material in the Jar Test, the decreasing of the dosage of coagulant favored the reduction of the occupied volume by the material, independent of the concentration of residue applied. The specific resistance of sedimented material was higher when compared to the situation without the application in virtually all studied situations. For water with 100 NTU and implementation of residue greater than 7.500 mg/L, and water with 210 NTU and residue less than 8.600 mg/L there was improvement in the sedimentability. The dewatering ability of the sediments by centrifugation was also improved with the application of the residue with 3.642 mg/L and 75% of the coagulant, and 7.500 mg/L using 50% of coagulant. The chemical conditioning by nonionic polyelectrolyte did not improved in the dewatering of sedimented material, but in improving water quality supernatant. Based on this study it was noticed that the application of WTP residue in water treatment was satisfactory as for the analyzed parameters, considering the dosage of coagulant used and the residue applied.Item Otimização da eficiência de uso da água pelo feijoeiro no cultivo de outono/inverno, em Cristalina, GO, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-09-24) Teixeira, Gisele Carneiro da SIlva; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4737499A7; Stone, Luis Fernando; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780041H6; Stone, Luis Fernando; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Ferreira, Regis de Castro; Matos, Fábio Santos; Nabout, João CarlosThe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most consumed legume in Brazil, considered the symbol ingredient of Brazilian gastronomy. Its cultivation in Brazil is done in three crop seasons (water, drought and autumn/winter), and the third crop season is responsible for the highest yields and for the balance of grain supply during the year. The water supply of the common bean in this crop season is done almost exclusively by irrigation. Irrigated agriculture is characterized as human activity that uses more water available in the water bodies, and thus to sustainable development is necessary that its management in the conduct of cultures become increasingly efficient. The use of simulation models of growth, development and productivity enables to evaluate the efficiency of water use under specific management conditions, and its main advantage is the reduced time for decision making. This study aimed to determine the morpho-physiological characteristics and the solar radiation use efficiency of Pérola and BRS Radiante common bean cultivars and to calibrate and validate the CSM-CROPGRO-Dry bean simulation model of growth, development and productivity and apply it to establish the date of sowing in autumn/winter crop season on which it is possible to get the most efficient use of irrigation water in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Cristalina, GO. Sixteen sowing dates were studied, starting on March 1st and going until July 30th, with intervals of 10 days between each date. Both cultivars showed differences in the morphophysiological characteristics evaluated and in the use of solar radiation. The simulation model proved to be an efficient tool, showing, in the calibration and validation, sensitivity to variation of genetic coefficients, showing differences between the cultivars in the simulations of the phenological development, besides of good agreement of the simulated data of biomass and grain yield, except in conditions of biotic or abiotic stresses. In applying the model, the sowing dates that showed the greatest water use efficiency were the earliest ones, performed in March.