Navegando por Assunto "microbiologia"
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Item Avaliação das características físico-químicas e alterações do leite UHT (UAT) produzido no Estado de Goiás ao longo da estocagem(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-14) COSTA, Andréia Di Martins Carmo; MOURA, Celso José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6006558807438442With the objective of evaluating the physical/chemical, microbiological characteristics and the changes that occur in UHT milk (UAT) processed in the State of Goias during its storage for 135 days, a study was done between August and December 2008 with all the companies that produced UHT milk (UAT) processed in the State. Samples were collected from refrigerated raw milk stored in milk storage silos of industry for analysis of their physical/chemical and microbiological characteristics. From each company, twelve one liter cartons of milk were collected for analysis of their physical/chemical and microbiological properties as well as nitrogen compounds and the amount of fat separation from the milk and sedimentation within each sample. The samples were sent to the laboratories of Microbiology and Dairy of the School of Agronomy and Food Engineering at the Federal University of Goias (UFG). The physico-chemical properties of raw milk were in accordance with the parameters established by legislation, except for three brands of milk, with values of freezing point, nonfat milk solids and total solids. The Alizarol test results were normal for UHT milk (UHT) of all brands, except the milk of the mark "E", which has had worst results established by legislation. All milk samples were within the standards for titratable acidity and pH. The density indices were normal, but decreased during the stock. The freezing point values were within the standards, but increased during the storage and the values of total solids and nonfat solids were low and at variance with the laws in UHT milk (UHT) of all brands. The fat found below the minimum content of 3% recommended by the legislation. All results are suggestive of water being added accidentally during processing. Scores were found higher than those established by law for psychotropic and mesophilic aerobic refrigerated raw milk. In UHT milk (UHT) milk from only one mark was at odds as the parameters established by law for heat resistant spores of aerobic mesophiles. It was verified a progressive increase in sedimentation and fat separated from milk during storage and observed age gelation in milk from one brand to 135 days of storage. From the results obtained can be verified that the physicochemical characteristics of UHT milk (UAT), when compared to raw milk source, changed negatively and that the raw material, the type of thermal processing and storage time at room temperature are possible causes for the changes that occurred throughout the shelf-life UHT milk (UAT).Item Uso de cloprostenol e cipionato de estradiol, durante o puerpério, sobre a saúde uterina e a eficiência reprodutiva em fêmeas girolando(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-20) SANTOS, Fabrício Carrião dos; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; OLIVEIRA FILHO, Benedito Dias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6171669841505540The aim is to find ways of management to improve reproductive efficiency of dairy herds in recent post-partum through the use of analogues of PGF2(alfa) or cypionate of oestradiol, which may improve uterine health and reproductive efficiency. We used one hundred and fourteen cows girolandas randomly divided into three groups: CON - control; PGF2(alfa) - treated with two doses (500 g) of cloprostenol in the seventh and 14th day postpartum; CE - treated with a single application (3 mg) of estradiol, 24 hours after calving. Six animals from each group, three primiparous cows and three cows multiparous were subjected to blood sampling for performance of routine white blood cell count, blood sampling intrauterine to perform endometrial cytology and bacterial meningitis. Blood sampling occurred seven days of the date of calving, 24 hours, seven days, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days postpartum. Collection of uterine material occur as well as in blood samples except the first (seven days before the expected date of calving). The total lymphocyte count was different (p <0.05) among treatments for primiparous cows and multiparous cows, with the first group PGF2(alfa) lower than the others and the second was the best. The primiparous cows had subclinical endometritis by endometrial cytology detected only in group CON, while bas pluriparous CON also beyond the EC. In primiparous cows, the CON group had a lower percentage of potentially pathogenic bacteria (p <0.05). Primiparous cows in the EC group had a higher percentage of pathogenic bacteria (p <0.05). The interval from calving/conception of primiparous and multiparous cows was respectively: CON-130,3, PGF2-176,1 e CE-161,6; CON-127,7, PGF2- 111,4 e CE-150,5. Concluded the CON treatment and PGF2 were presented better results in primiparous cows and multiparous cows, respectively. The economic evaluation, the application of cloprostenol only in multiparous cows makes the system more efficient and productive is the most economically profitable.