Estudo morfoanatômico, avaliação da atividade biológica e composição química e variabilidade do óleo essencial da Memora nodosa (SILVA MANSO) Miers - Bignoniaceae
Carregando...
Data
2008-12-18
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Memora nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers is a native savannah plant popularly used for
wound cicatrization (leaves and stems) and for treating abdominal pains and scabies (roots).
The purpose of this work is to study the morphoanatomy and determine the composition and
variability of the constituents of the essential oil obtained from the M. nodosa leaves, as well
as its antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, cicatrizing activity and toxicity. Morphologically, M.
nodosa is a bush with clumps of straight or curved stems. It has a deep, pivoting root and
presents a chandelier shaped structure in the upper part from where the stems sprout. It
presents compound, bipinnate, imparipinnate, oppositely crossed leaves. The inflorescence is
racemose with golden-yellow flowers. It is characterized by septifrague capsule type fruit
with replum and winged seeds. Anatomically the leaves are hypostomatic with
predominantly paracytic stomates. The epidermis is uniseriate with a thick cuticle and
glandular trichomes throughout the structure of the young leaves. The essential oil from the
M. nodosa leaves collected from seven different locations in the Brazilian savannah was
analyzed by GC(FID) and GC/MS. Five substances were identified, benzaldehyde and 1-
octene-3-ol were the main constituents. Two different classes regarding sampling location
and constituents were identified by means of the principal component and grouping analyses.
The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts from leaves, stems, roots and of essential
oil from leaves, and the fractions obtained from the roots, were assessed against Grampositive
and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the Candida albicans fungus, using well
diffusion test and the agar dilution method. The ethanolic extract from the roots presented
small antimicrobial activity while the hexane and dichloromethane fractions obtained from
this extract presented MIC 0.39 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL against a number of Gram-positive
bacteria and the Candida albicans fungus. The essential oil presented MIC 0.78 mg/mL to
1.56 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was the result of synergic action
between the benzaldehyde, 1-octene-3-ol, 1-octanol, linalool and the mandelonitrile,
constituents of the essential oil. Promastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi were used for the
leishmanicidal assessment and it was verified that the ethanol extract from the leaves
presented an IC50 of 93.2 μg/mL and from the roots presented an IC50 of 95.87 μg/mL. The
hexane fraction from the roots presented an IC50 of 13.51μg/mL. A mixture of β-sitosterol
and stigmasterol was isolated and identified in the hexane fraction obtained from the ethanol
extract from the roots. This mixture was tested against L. chagasi resulting in an IC50 of
69.79 μg/mL. The cicatrizing activity of the ethanol extract from the leaves and roots was assessed on skin wounds in rats, and it be noted reepithelization occurred faster only in the
group treated with a 2% aqueous solution of the ethanol extract from the roots. This action
may be related to the alantoine isolated in the ethanol extract from the roots. The toxicity
assessment of the ethanol extracts from roots, leaves and hexane fraction obtained from M .
nodosa roots, tested on rats, mice and Artemia salina proved that this plant is not potentially
toxic. In conclusion, according to the tests performed, the best results were obtained with
ethanolic extract and it presented antimicrobial, wound cicatrization and leishmanicidal
activities. Hexane and dichloromethane fractions obtained from roots extract presented
antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and the Candida albicans fungus and
hexane fraction strong leishmanicidal activity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas medicinais , Morfoanatomia , Cicatrização de feridas , Atividade leishmanicida , Atividade antimicrobiana , Óleos essenciais , Medical plants , Morphoanatomy , Wound cicatrization , Leishmanicidal activity , Antimicrobial activity , Essential oils , 1.Plantas medicinais 2.Atividade biológica 3.Anatomia vegetal 4.Memora nodosa 5.Cicatrização de feridas 6.Atividade antimicrobiana 7.Óleos essenciais
Citação
TRESVENZOL, Leonice Manrique Faustino. Morphological and anatomical study, evaluation of biological activity and chemical composition and variability of essential oil Memora Nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers - Bignoniaceae. 2008. 144 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciencias Biologicas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2008.