Estudo da toxicidade e genotoxicidade induzidas por diferentes nanopartículas in vivo
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Data
2012-02-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has created a vast array of nanoparticles promising
for industrial, energy and environmental sectors. Furthermore, many biological applications
have been proposed for the nanoparticles, such as transport of genes and drugs for disease
treatments, including cancer and infections. So, it is important to clarify if nanoparticles may
represent a hazard to the environment and human health. In this study, we investigated the
toxic potential and ability to induce DNA damage of different nanoparticles: four species of
carbon nanotubes (NTC, NT, CS e MW), silver (AgNP) and nanoceria (CeO2-NP)
nanoparticles. It was employed the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in
Drosophila melanogaster that detects the loss of heterozygosity of two genetic markers
involved in the metabolic pathways of wing hairs formation - multiple wing hairs (mwh) and
flare3 (flr3). In larvae, the proliferating of wings imaginal disc cells can produce hairs with
mutant phenotypes expressed on the adult wings. Using the standard cross, third-stage larvae
were treated with different concentrations of the nanoparticles until pupal stage. The wings of
adult flies were examined microscopically for the identification of phenotypic abnormalities.
In all concentrations the survival rates were higher than 90%, indicating the absence of
chronic toxicity for nanoparticles evaluated. Using the conditional binomial test, the results of
different treatments were compared with the respective negative control (distilled water),
demonstrating no significantly increase in the NTC, NT and CS mutation and recombination
frequencies (p>0.05) in mwh/flr3 genotype. In all carbon nanotubes tested, only the two higher
concentrations of nanotubes MW (0.4 and 1 mg/mL) were able to induce genetic changes,
mainly by mitotic recombination. The concentration of 10 mg/mL AgNP also promoted
changes in the DNA and 61% of the phenotypic abnormalities were caused by recombination.
The nanoceria was able to produce genotoxic effects at all concentrations tested (0.64-10
mg/mL). Overall, the mutational events were predominant, ranging from 46 to 72% of the
total genotoxic effect induced by nanoceria, showing no dose-response relationship. In
conclusion, our results demonstrated that carbon, silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles have
different genotoxic potential in D. melanogaster, so, another studies should be performed
before any clinical and/or industrial application of nanoparticles.
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ANDRADE, L. R. Estudo da toxicidade e genotoxicidade induzidas por diferentes nanopartículas in vivo. 2012. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.