Ultrassonografia do ligamento colateral da articulação inter falangeana distal dos membros torácicos em equinos quarto de milha
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2015-12-11
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The main structures that restrict movements in frontal plane and rotation of the distal inter phalangeal joint (DIJ) are the collateral ligaments (CL). Lesions of CLs represent one of the major cause of lameness in horses and can affect all limbs, but the incidence is much higher in forelimbs. It can be either unilateral or bilateral. Medial or lateral CLs, can be affected simultaneously, but medial desmitis has been reported more often. The CL appears as an oval and echogenic structure in ultrasound images in the collateral fossa of the middle phalanx. This study has aimed to evaluate the collateral ligaments of the distal inter phalangeal joint of the forelimbs in Quarter horses without lameness, through ultrasound examination. Thirty Quarter horses, aged between two and 23 years (7 ± 3.30), of both genders, average weight of 442.9 ± 40.2, body score 3/5, with no lameness, were used for ultra-sonographic evaluation of the forelimbs collateral ligaments (CL) of the distal interphalangeal joint. All animals were calf roping (13) or barrel race (17) horses, divided into three groups (A, B and C) based on the age. Six parameters were evaluated: ligament area (LA), hypoechogenicity (HO), collapse of coronal vessels (CV), heterogeneity (HT), hyperechogenicity (HR) and irregularity of ligament margins (IM). In average, the ligament was 7.0 ± 0.9 mm thick, 11.7 ± 1.4 mm wide and had 0.77 ± 0.17 cm² of cross-sectional area, and appeared as an oval and echogenic structure. Sixteen percent of CLs had at least one of the above related changes. When comparing medial and lateral CLs, the medial CL showed changes more often (17%) than the lateral CL (14%). The most common findings included changes in echogenicity of the fibers and thickening of the CL, measured by LA; this parameter was abnormal in 17% of examined CL. Considering lateral and medial CLs separately, this rate was 13% and 20%, respectively. When the medial CL was compared in different groups, it was also more affected by increasing LA. In group B, the rate of increased LA was significantly higher (25%). Animals from groups B and C showed an upward trend in the frequency of HR (28 and 31%, respectively). Ligament fibers HT was significantly more frequent in group C. HO was observed in only 20% of the examined CLs. IM appeared in 38% animals of group C, while CV was only observed in a few horses.
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RIBEIRO, G. H. C. Ultrassonografia do ligamento colateral da articulação inter falangeana distal dos membros torácicos em equinos quarto de milha. 2015. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Animal) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.