Fitoquímica, morfoanatomia e atividade antimicrobiana de Lippia sidoides Cham., Lippia lupulina Cham. e Lippia pohliana Schauer (Verbenaceae) e atividade farmacológica de L. sidoides originária de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Verbenaceae family has been widely studied due to the presence of aromatic principles founded in many species used in folk medicine. The aim of this work is to perform the morphoanatomic description, phytochemical study and biological activity of leaves of Lippia sidoides originating from Fortaleza, Ceará and São Gonçalo do Abaeté, Minas Gerais, and leaves of Lippia lupulina and Lippia pohliana originating Mossâmedes, Goiás. For all species, anatomic analyses were performed microtechniques photonic and electronic scanning; essential oil was obtained by hidrodestilation, chemically characterized by GC/MS; the broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, the crude ethanol extract and the hexanic, dichloromethane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions. Crude ethanol extract of L. sidoides originating from Minas Gerais, was tested in mice for to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system activities. Anatomical features common to Verbenaceae were observed in the species studied, as amphistomatic leaves with glandular and tector trichomes, dorsiventral mesophyll and vascular system in the midrib in open arc; differences in the anatomy of the leaf surface of two accessions of L. sidoides were observed. The occurrence of chemotypes in L. sidoides was confirmed by analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil of two accesses. The crude ethanol extract and the dicloromethane and hexanic fractions of L. sidoides originating from Minas Gerais had the best profile for antimicrobial activity in vitro against Candida and Cryptococcus. Essential oil of L. lupulina had antimicrobial activity against Bacillus Subtilis, Micrococcus roseus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Cryptococcus sp. It was registered moderated activity to essential oil of L. pohliana against S. aureus; of the crude ethanol extract and hexanic fraction against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; of the hexanic fraction against Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Cryptococcus gatti e Cryptococcus neoformans, and of the dichloromethane fraction against Cryptococcus gatti. The crude ethanol extract had antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice.