Caracterização farmacognóstica e atividade antimicrobiana da folha e casca do caule da Myrcia rostrata DC
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2012-02-17
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The family Myrtaceae in Brazil is one of the most important families, comprising about 23
genera and 130 species. The specie Myrcia rostrata DC. popularly known as "folha miúda" or
"guamirim chorão" is commonly found in South American forests and in some units that are
part of the Federation Cerrado, as in Goias, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso and other states.
The aim of this study was to establish parameters pharmacognostic for quality control of M.
rostrata and analyze the antimicrobial activity of the leaves and stem bark of this species. For
this, the macroscopic description and implementation of the sections for microscopic analysis,
the plant material was used fresh. As for the post microscopy, determination of volatile
substances, total ash and acid insoluble, research and quantification of constituent
phytochemicals, obtaining of crude ethanol extract and fractions and essential oil extraction,
the shells were dried in an oven with forced circulation at 40 ° C and leaves outdoors. The gas
chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC / MS) was used to characterize the
chemistry composition of essential oils, the test of serial broth microdilution for antimicrobial
activity and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the chromatograms of the aqueous fractions (FAqC) and
dichloromethane (FDC) from the stem bark of M. rostrata. The leaves of this species are
simple menbranacea consistency, with shiny dark green on the adaxial surface dark green and
opaque in the abaxial. Microscopically hypostomaticare present numerous unicellular
trichomes have secretory cavities and idioblasts with prismatic crystals. The shells are curved
stem and appearance of the outer surface is characterized as thick, fissured and striatum of
which have dark-brown color. When examined microscopically is possible to visualize the
periderm, sclereids and crystal series. Were detect in the phytochemistry essential oil, tannins,
flavonoids and terpenes both the leaves and the bark of the stem. The total phenols content,
tannins that precipitate proteins, hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids in the leaves were
7,53% ± 0,14, 4,65% ± 0, 65,39% ± 1,70 and 2,83% ± 0, for the stem bark were 10,06% ±
0,06, 9,60% ± 0,60, 29,53% ± 0,52 and 0,38% ± 0,009. In the analysis of essential oils from
six constituencies identified spathulenol (51.39%) and globulol (6.88%) were the major
components in the shell, together with the -Caryophyllene these compounds also
predominated in the leaves, which were identified 32 constituents. Therefore, the
sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes predominated in the essential oils
from leaves and bark of M. rostrata. In the analysis of the antimicrobial activity of essential
oil extracted from leaves of M. rostrata showed moderate antibacterial activity with minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 mg / mL for Gram (-) Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC
13048 and for all Gram (+) tested, the crude extract of leaves inhibited fungi with MIC 31.25
mg / mL for the species Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida parapsilosis 11-a, 02
Candida albicans and Cryptococcus gattii L1, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 28957 and
Cryptococcus neoformans L2 CIM was 15.62 mg / mL. Fractions of the leaves and stem bark
tested showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration was FAqC against Cryptococcus
neoformans ATCC 28957 (7.81 mg / mL) and Cryptococcus gattii L1 (15.62 mg / mL) and
the FDC against Gram (-) Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13 048 (23.43 mg / mL) and against
Gram (+) Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (93.75 mg / mL).The results contribute to the
identification of the species M. rostrata and demonstrate its potential for treating diseases
caused by micro-organisms.
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ALCÂNTARA, Guizelle Aparecida de. Caracterização farmacognóstica e atividade antimicrobiana da folha e casca do caule da Myrcia rostrata DC. 2012. 41 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (FF) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia