Estudos químico, histoquímico e anatômico das folhas de Eugenia pitanga (O. BERG) NIED e Eugenia dysenterica DC

Abstract

Eugenia dysenterica DC. is a Brazilian popular species, that has been used to various purposes. E. dysenterica chemical studies report the presence of poliphenols and essential oils in the plant leaves, whereas in the EO, the most prevalent compunds are terpens. Another species from the same gender is Eugenia pitanga (O.Berg) Nied, often employed popularly for your therapeutic properties. Two studies about E. pitanga investigated fresh leaves monoterpenic composition and essential oils composition. The combination of chemical and biological techniques to the study of E. pitanga and E. dysenterica leaves could provide important information about hem. The purpose of this work was to analyse the chemistry, histochemistry and anatomy of E. pitanga and E. dysenterica leaves. Leaf anatomy description, as histochemistry, showed in situ location and identification of sesquiterpens and sesquiterpenoids, as well as, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. CG-EM showed the majority presence of α-muurolol, β-eudemol, β-guaiene, β-acorenol, e-cariophyllene, e-e-farnesylacetone, eudesmol, geranyl-α-terpene, germagrene, phytol e α-cadinol in both species. Chemometrics grouped the samples of each species, obtained in different year stations and from fresh or dry leaves, in clusters with the same compounds characteristics. HPLC-MS made clear that most of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds were similar in both species, whereas the common compounds were galic acid, protocatequic acid, epicatequin, p-cumarinic acid, kampferol, narigenin, quercetin, cafeic acid and gentisic acid, previously described in other studies. Leaf spray enabled the inedited identification of the uniflorine alkaloid in E. dysenterica. Although this compound was reported before in other species of this gender, for the first time it was identified in this species. Thus, the chemical compounds present in E. pitanga and E. dysenterica were described and compared and a deep chemical analysis could be performed, guided by the results obtained in leaves anatomy and histochemistry.