Dinâmica de serviços de regulação hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão João Leite, Goiás
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2019-03-28
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Relations that touch the environment and economic issues do not always coexist in a reconciled way. In this sense, several mechanisms were introduced in Brazil, such as the forest code with the purpose of prescribing the APPs and the Legal Reserve, both as the objective of guaranteeing the maintenance of environmental services, in addition to the emergence of projects and programs involving the Payment of Services (PSA) with the objective of rewarding environmental service providers, such as the National Water Agency (ANA) Water Producer Project (PPA), which aims to reduce erosion processes in agricultural areas and to recover water sources . This program is part of a decision-making model that takes into account the various economic, social and environmental aspects in the area of interest, using market instruments to produce positive stimuli in the behavior of agents responsible for changes in ecosystem functions. In this sense, despite the efforts, studies that quantify the economic benefits of environmental services are still scarce, so that they are included in decision-making. The objective of this study was to quantify and evaluate the hydrological environmental services in the João Leite Goiás river basin, as well as in its sub-basins, through environmental modeling. The SDR model of the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs) package was used in order to simulate the sediment flow in some scenarios: previous scenario, during and after the Water Producer program. Finally, a valuation of the environmental services was carried out, as a way of estimating the costs avoided with dredging and soil recomposition. Costs that were compared to the opportunity cost of the program. In relation to the results presented by InVEST, it was possible to see a reduction in sediment production, mainly soil loss (USLE) and sediments exported to the sub-basins, mainly in scenario II and future to which they were simulated with a more conservationist management, besides the practices proposed by the Water Producer program. Thus, the results showed the importance of projects such as the Water Producer, not only in improving environmental conditions, but mainly, would result in economic and social benefits. Small producers are one of the main beneficiaries due to the improvement in social and environmental conditions, although they are not the only ones, since the benefits go beyond the sub-basin's limits, such as in the water supply to the RGM. Finally, the participation of agribusiness as a funder of projects such as the PPA, aimed at the restoration, protection and conservation of natural resources, conscious of the value (not only of money but also of the intangible value of natural resources such as water and soil) is of extreme importance. This value can be measured when one considers that the sector presents a negotiation framework with the different markets, among them the international market, which can stand out as a producer of ecosystem services - not just commodities.
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VITORIA, M. R. Dinâmica de serviços de regulação hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão João Leite, Goiás. 2019. 130 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronegócio) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.