Primeira infância: práticas educativas na estratégia saúde da família
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2012-08-28
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Educational practices developed in the Family Healthcare Strategy (FHS) are determinants of the health-disease process from the involved population. On the other hand, these practices are influenced by the professionals’ conceptions, by the physical spaces and by the availability of materials for their execution. The healthcare workers of the family generally have technical formation in their specific areas, but lack of formation in educational techniques. The Educational Practices (EP) developed among children ranging from zero to six years old can be grouped in two clearly opposite, traditional and liberatory strands. In this age group, children are in development of the individual and therefore the acquired formation during this stage will bring consequences to their whole lives. With the aim to characterize the realization of educational practices in the early childhood, 112 workers of the FHS from the East Sanitary District (ESD) in Goiânia (GO) were surveyed. It was decided to combine quantitative and qualitative methodology within the application of a questionnaire. Also, the physical spaces of the health units that were qualified as inadequate to carry out EP were recorded in field diaries. About the conception of EP, the most highlighted factors were transferring of information, consciousness and capacitation and disease prevention. The educational practices were predominantly classified as traditional. The most pointed sources of knowledge about this theme were the undergraduation, the specialization and the construction of informal networks of experience exchanging; and, few references in relation to permanent educational activities were performed. The addressed issues were selected by the experience of the pairs or of the documents and programs vertically indicated by the Ministry of Healthcare (MH) and Municipal Secretary of Healthcare (MSH). They are collectively discussed in the conventional spaces, using the spoken language and involving participants, especially accompanying adults. The mentioned theoreticalmethodological references that had more subsides to the actions were the manuals (MH and MSH), books and articles containing information within field of action. There was reference to the use of liberatory, in addition to support in the knowledge of their peers. The evidences of effectiveness of these actions were poorly mentioned, limiting only in the observation of improvement in health indicators, being stated by the decrease in caries prevalence (by dental professionals and community agents of healthcare), empowerment of the professionals (quoted by a doctor and a dentist) and the discrete increase in adhesion to these services by the population. The necessity of supportive materials and of complementary contents to subside the developed educational activities was highly stated. The secondary education professionals claimed not having access to permanent education activities.
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SILVA, E. A. S. Primeira infância: práticas educativas na estratégia saúde da família. 2012. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.