Frequencias e formas de fornecimento de ração para tilápia do Nilo criada em sistema raceway
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Data
2008-08-20
Autores
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The present research was carried out at Sector of Fish of the Goiás Federal
University, between December the 2006 and May the 2007, which lasted for
127 days. Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus), Supreme strain, with
starter weight of 31.86 ± 1.75 g were randomly allotted in 32 tanks of 100 L of
capacity each one in raceway system. The full water exchange of the tanks
occurred in 30 min at the beginning. The fish were fed with extruded diet
containing 36% of CP in pellets of 2-4 mm in diameter. By the average weight of
100 g, the fish were fed with extruded diet with 32% of CP in pellets of 4-6 mm
in diameter until the end of the experiment. This assessment was performed to
evaluate feed frequencies (2, 3, 4 and 5 times/day) and ratio (ad libitum and
based on the percentage of the biomass weight - %PVBIO) on the productive
performance, chemical composition, biometric indices, carcass and fillet yield
and costs and profitability partial of Nile tilapia during the weight gain in the
raceway system. The experimental design was composed by a completely
randomized design in a factorial (4 x 2), with four repetitions, totalizing 32
experimental units. The performances body weight (BW), weight gain (WG),
final biomass (FB), feed intake (FI), index of food intake (IF), apparent feed
conversion ratio (AFCR), feed efficiency (FE), survival (S%), protein efficiency
ratio (PER), specific growth ratio (SGR) and uniformity of the lot (U%) -; fillet
weight (FW), carcass yield (CY), fillet yield(FY), biometric indices, and chemical
composition fillet (total dry matter (TDM), moisture (MO), crude protein (CP),
crude lipid (CL), ash) were the main evaluated parameters. The performance
data were submitted to the analysis of variance and Duncan tests (5%), and the
others to Tukey test (5%). Despite the quantity of food provided in the
treatments, the main variables of water quality remained within the limit
recommended for fish breeding. Better AFCR, FE and PER were reached for
fish fed three times a day and greater PVBIO% for those ones fed twice daily ad
libitum (P <0.05). The values of FBW, FL, FWG, FB, and FI were higher for fish
fed four times a day (P <0.05), with the AFCR and PER values similar to those
in fish fed three times a day. S%, SGR, CF and U% suffered no influence by the
feeding frequency (P> 0.05). Only in IF differences on how to supply the ration
(P <0.05) were observed. Fish fed four, five and three times a day had better
average of FY, differing from those fed twice a day (P<0.05). The feeding
frequency of less than five times had greater CY and VFI, but it did not differ
from the other regimens. Difference in form of supply was observed only for RF,
and the best average was reached in fish fed ad libitum. Regarding the
chemical composition fillet, no differences in ashes were observed (P>0.05).
The highest level of CL was found in three times of feeding frequency, which
was statistical relevant (P<0.05) in comparison to the others. Interaction was
observed for the variables TDM, MO and CP. The cost incidence (CI) was lower
in three times a day of feeding frequency with feed supply based on %BW. The
feeding frequency of 3 times per day ad libitum presented the best result
concerning performance, and suggested lower cost with labor for juveniles of
Nile tilapia cultivated in raceway tanks.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
alto fluxo de água , composição bromatológica , manejo alimentar , Oreochromis niloticus , Supreme , rentabilidade , chemical composition , food handling , high water flow , Oreochromis niloticus , profitability , Supreme , 1. Peixe - Criação 2. Tilápia (Peixe) 3. Tanques (Raceway) Peixe Alimentos Análise
Citação
SANTOS, Janaína Gomes Araújo. Feed frequency and ratio for Nile tilapia in raceway system. 2008. 58 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Agrárias - Veterinaria) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2008.