Padrões de evolução do nicho climático e de diversificação em anuros neotropicais
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2014-05-26
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Understanding how important species traits are distributed across evolution is a major task for
evolutionary ecologists and comparative biologists. Here, we addressed evolutionary questions about
the niche evolution and diversification among anuran species. We performed analyses of the climatic
niche evolution and diversification rates of direct and indirect development Neotropical anurans with
the use of multivariate description of the species’ climatic niche and modern phylogenetic comparative
methods. We tested the predictions that due to high physiological dependence to water, (i) frogs with
biphasic life cycles (indirect development; free-larval form present) tend to retain their ecological niche
characteristics across evolution (i.e., phylogenetic niche conservatism) and (ii) the climatic niche of
direct development anurans evolved faster than the climatic niche of anurans with indirect
development. We also hypothesized that, because of the role of niche conservatism in promoting
allopatric speciation, indirect development anurans would also have higher diversification rates than
direct development anurans. By including a high number of sampled species, we showed that there are
no differences in their actual macroecological climatic niche. However, although niche position is
similar between groups, indirect development anurans showed phylogenetic conservatism in their
climatic niche, whilst direct development anurans evolved their niche according to the null expectation.
Our assessments of diversification rates indicate that there is a correlation between terrestrial
development and decreased diversification in anurans in a more general way and that faster speciation
and reduced extinction in the Neotropics contribute to higher diversification in indirect development
anurans. We consider that the insertion of larval characteristics can, therefore, imply in obstruction in
the evolution of the environmental niche of a clade. We also believe that the evolution to different
niches set by the different environmental requirements (here, one terrestrial and other fully or semi aquatic) resulted in divergent adaptive peaks (fitness valleys and trade-offs between adaptation to
different environments), to which both direct and indirect development anurans evolved to match.
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BRAGA, P. H. P. Padrões de evolução do nicho climático e de diversificação em anuros neotropicais. 2014. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.