Obtenção e caracterização de extrato seco padronizado das folhas de goiabeira (psidium guajava l. cultivar pedro sato, myrtaceae)

Abstract

Psidium guajava L. is a plant the Myrtaceae family leaves are popularly used to treat cramps and diarrhea. The chapter sought to perform a quality control of dust from the leaves and get the standardized ethanol extract of P. guajava Pedro Sato cultivar, using ellagic acid as a marker of the process and carried out chemical analysis of soil and plant tissue. The investigation of the macroscopic and microscopic leaf powder showed compliance with the specifications described in the monograph of the plant of Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 4th Edition. The result of particle size distribution, content of total ash, acid insoluble ash, volatile content, swelling index and content of ellagic acid are respectively 391.548 ± 1.532 mm, 6.266 ± 0.011%, 0.003 ± 0.002%, 6.666 ± 0.057%, 4.733 ± 0.152 ± 0.006% and 0.04%. %. The plant tissue and soil present micronutrients such as copper, iron, zinc and manganese which are needed for a composition rich in phenolic compounds. The extract presented pH of 5.61 ± 0.02, relative density of 1.01 ± 0.001 mg / mL, viscosity of 15 ± 0,001 mPas, solids content of 4.73 ± 0.03% and ellagic acid content resulting from hydrolysis of ellagitannins 0.50 ± 0.02. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract was determined by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and showed moderate activity (MIC between 100-500 mg / mL) against the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans L2. Chapter 2 describes the extraction and characterization of the dry extract of P. guajava Pedro Sato cultivar by spray drying technique and evaluates the use of adjuvants such as colloidal silicon dioxide, starch and maltodextrin in obtaining this intermediate product, following a full factorial design 23 + 3. The data obtained indicated that the dried extracts of both adjuvants showed levels of volatile and water activity below 5% (w / w) and 0.5, respectively. These results indicate improved microbiological stability of the dried extract. The micrographs showed particles of variable size and irregular shape. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the proportion of adjuvant, inlet temperature air drying and flow of extract and some of its interactions, power significantly affect the amount of ellagic acid, and the best condition to be used to obtain standardized dried extracts of P. guajava involves the use of adjuvant such as silicon dioxide 20%, flow 2mL/min extract power and temperature of the incoming air drying 110 ° C. Chapter 3 sought to establish and validate a methodology able to identify and quantify ellagic acid amid a complex mixture of herbal extract of P. guajava cultivar Pedro Sato, employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This validation was used as mobile phase solvent A - 50% methanol and B - 50% aqueous solution of ortho-phosphoric acid 0.5%, injection volume 10 mL, isocratic flow of 1mL/min-1 detector, diode array (PDA), λ = 252.3 nm, C18 column chromatography (RP18) 5 mm (4.6 x 155 mm). Subsequently, the methodology was co-validated by assessing the selectivity and accuracy parameters following the same chromatographic conditions of validation for ethanol extract. The results of the validation proposal for the determination of ellagic acid in ethanol extract indicated that the method is selective, linear over the concentration range of 4-64 mg / mL, robust and has a sensitivity of detection and quantification.